5HXVHRI3ULPDU\3DFNDJLQJ )LQDO5HSRUW 3DUW,0DLQ5HSRUW 6WXG\FRQWUDFW %0$5( $EIDOOEHUDWXQJ 0OOYHUPHLGXQJ 5HF\FOLQJ $QGUHDV*ROGLQJ '7ELQJHQ 2 7DEOHRIFRQWHQWV STUDY CONTRACT.......................................................................................................................................... 1 B4-3040/98/000180/MAR/E3....................................................................................................................... 1 $%675$&76 STATUS QUO OF REUSE PRIMARY PACKAGING ................................................................................................ 5 REUSE SYSTEMS FOR BEVERAGES .................................................................................................................. 5 CALCULATION OF NUMBER OF TRIPS OR ROTATIONS ...................................................................................... 6 INTERNAL TRADE AND REUSE PACKAGING ..................................................................................................... 6 COSTS AND CONSTRAINTS .............................................................................................................................. 6 TECHNICAL STANDARDS FOR REUSE PRIMARY PACKAGING ............................................................................ 8 DEPOSIT SYSTEMS.......................................................................................................................................... 8 COSTS - A COMPARISON OF REUSE VERSUS ONE-WAY PACKAGING ................................................................ 8 PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS TO ENCOURAGE THE USE OF REUSABLE PACKAGING .............................................. 9 )25(:25' 67$7864822)5(86(35,0$5<3$&.$*,1*,17+((8523($1&20081,7< 1.1 STATISTICS ON PACKAGING IN EUROPE / DATA - SUPPLY, -QUALITY, COMPARABILITY ......................... 13 1.2 PACKAGING CONSUMPTION IN THE EU................................................................................................... 13 1.3 REUSE PRIMARY PACKAGING IN THE EU ................................................................................................ 13 1.3.1 NON FOOD PACKAGING ....................................................................................................................... 14 1.3.2 FOOD PACKAGING ............................................................................................................................... 14 1.3.3 BEVERAGE PACKAGING....................................................................................................................... 15 1.3.3.1.1 MINERAL WATER .......................................................................................................................... 16 1.3.3.1.2 SOFT DRINKS................................................................................................................................. 17 1.3.3.1.3 BEER............................................................................................................................................. 18 1.3.3.1.4 MILK............................................................................................................................................. 19 1.3.3.1.5 WINE ............................................................................................................................................ 20 SOURCES:..................................................................................................................................................... 21 5(86(6<67(06)25%(9(5$*(6 2.1 TYPE A - INDIVIDUAL REUSE PACKAGING SYSTEM .............................................................................. 22 2.2 TYPE B - STANDARD POOL SYSTEM (COMPANY OWNED) .................................................................... 24 2.3 TYPE C - STANDARD POOL SYSTEM (BRANCH).................................................................................... 25 2.4 TYPE D - OPEN LOOP SYSTEM............................................................................................................. 26 2.5 TYPE E - REUSE TO REFILL SYSTEM .................................................................................................... 27 2.6 TYPE F - REUSE OF REUSABLE ONE-WAY PACKAGING.......................................................................... 28 ECONOMICAL ARRANGEMENTS: .................................................................................................................. 29 PUBLIC RELATIONS:..................................................................................................................................... 30 &$/&8/$7,212)180%(52)75,3625527$7,216 3.1 CALCULATION OF NUMBER OF TRIPS/ROTATIONS ................................................................................... 31 3.1.1 GROWTH AND DECLINE OF PACKAGING SYSTEMS ................................................................................ 32 3.1.2 AMOUNT OF PACKAGING IN REUSE PACKAGING SYSTEMS.................................................................... 33 3.2 SYSTEMS FOR CALCULATION.................................................................................................................. 35 3.2.1 CIRCULATION TIME CALCULATION ..................................................................................................... 35 3.2.2 SUBSTITUTE INPUT CALCULATION ...................................................................................................... 36 3.2.3 INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTING PROCEDURE .............................................................................................. 38 3.3 THE CEN STANDARD EN 13429 ........................................................................................................... 38 3.3.1 PROPOSAL FOR AN ADDITIONAL PARAGRAPH TO PREN 13429............................................................. 39 SOURCES:..................................................................................................................................................... 40 2 3 ,17(51$/75$'($1'5(86(3$&.$*,1* 4.1 STATUS QUO OF TRANSNATIONAL PRODUCT FLOWS PACKED IN SALES PACKAGING ................................ 42 4.1.1 MINERAL WATER................................................................................................................................44 4.1.2 DRINKING MILK .................................................................................................................................. 44 4.1.3 DIARY PRODUCTS - FERMENTED MILK / YOGHURT .............................................................................. 46 4.1.4 SOFT DRINKS....................................................................................................................................... 46 4.1.5 JUICES................................................................................................................................................. 47 4.1.6 BEER................................................................................................................................................... 47 4.1.7 WINE .................................................................................................................................................. 49 4.1.8 VINEGAR............................................................................................................................................. 50 4.2 PRIVATE IMPORTS OF ONE-WAY PACKED GOODS (CAR BOOT IMPORTS) .................................................. 51 4.3 WHAT IS GOING ACROSS THE BORDER IN REUSE PACKAGING.................................................................. 51 4.4 POTENTIAL FOR THE USE OF REUSE PACKAGING IN EXPORT .................................................................... 52 SOURCES:..................................................................................................................................................... 55 &2676$1'&21675$,176 5(7$,/6<67(06,17+((8523($181,21 5.1.1 DECLINING PRICES FOR FOOD SUPPLY ................................................................................................. 57 5.1.2 THE ROLE OF DISCOUNTERS IN - TOTAL COMPETITION BY PRICE.......................................................... 59 5.1.3 THE ROLE OF HORECA IN BEVERAGE SUPPLY AND REUSE PACKAGING ............................................... 59 67$1'$5'6)255(86(3$&.$*,1* 5.2.1 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE STANDARDS ........................................................... 61 5.2.2 THE NEED FOR TRUSTS FOR REUSE PACKAGING POOLS ........................................................................ 62 5.2.3 REUSE PACKAGING POOLS - A DYNAMIC ORGANISATION FOR INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CONFLICTS ... 62 5.2.4 STATUS QUO OF PACKAGING STANDARDS FOR REUSABLE PRIMARY PACKAGING ................................. 63 5.2.4.1 PUBLIC STANDARDS ......................................................................................................................... 63 5.2.5 STANDARDS FOR WINE BOTTLES.......................................................................................................... 64 '(326,7,167580(176$1,167580(17:,7++,*+3(5)250$1&( 5.3.1 WHO CHARGES A DEPOSIT................................................................................................................... 65 5.3.1 THE FIXING OF DEPOSITS ..................................................................................................................... 66 5.3.3 TAXATION OF SAVINGS FOR DEPOSIT REFUNDS...................................................................................