Cassini-Huygens Mars Express POLAND IN ESA BRITE-PL „Lem” Meteor 2 Kopernik 500 Integral Rosetta Mikołaj Kopernik REACHING STARS Jan Heweliusz Mirosław — Hermaszewski POLISH SPACE SECTOR 4 years in ESA PW-SAT BRITE-PL „Heweliusz” Herschel Vertical-1 ExoMars TABLE OF CONTENTS Poland 3 History of space activities 4 Space policy 6 In space and on Earth 8 Companies 12 Selected scientific and research institutions 19 Competence map 22 2 WTO UN 01 OECD POLAnd Population: 38.4 million NATO Area: 312 000 km2 Economy: 23rd place in the world* Capital city: Warsaw Government system: parliamentary republic Currency: złoty (PLN) EU ESA * World Bank, 2015, GDP based on PPP EDA EUMETSAT ESO POLAND POLAND CENTRAL AND EasterN EUROPE EU28 GDP (PPP) per capita of Poland compared Economic growth in Poland and EU28 to other countries of Central and Eastern Europe Source: own compilation based on data from Eurostat Source: The Global Competitiveness Report, World Economic Forum 3 02 HISTORY OF SPACE ACTIVITIES The beginning of Polish engagement in space flights presence of Polish instruments on the majority of the stemmed from participation in the international pro- Agency’s research missions. Meanwhile, the first private gramme Interkosmos, based on collaboration with the Polish companies offering satelite-based applications Soviet Union. The first Polish research device was sent and services were created. into orbit on board the satellite Kopernik-500 (Interkos- In 2007, the signing of the Plan for European Coope- mos-9) in 1973. Three years later the Space Research rating States (PECS) enabled significant extension of Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences was estab- Poland’s cooperation with ESA. Under the PECS Agre- lished as a research entity focused entirely on exploring ement 48 projects were financed for a total amount of space and developing space technologies. In 1978, the 11.5 million euros. These activities were implemented first and only to date Polish astronaut, Mirosław Herma- by Polish companies, scientific and research entities szewski, travelled into space on board the spaceship and higher education institutions in cooperation with Soyuz-30. It was also in the 1970s that practical use of ESA. Concurrently, availability of products and services Jan Heweliusz Astronomer satellite imagery and satellite communication was ini- based on satellite technologies offered by Polish com- tiated in Poland. panies increased significantly. Geopolitical changes after 1989 enabled Poland to col- In November 2012, Poland became the 20th member laborate with countries outside the former Eastern Bloc. state of the European Space Agency, contributing In 1994, Poland signed a cooperation agreement with about 30 million euro annually. This paved the way for the European Space Agency, which was later extended Polish economic operators to faster develop space in 2002. This agreement allowed Poland to participa- and satellite technologies by providing them with the te in the ESA’s scientific programmes, resulting in the possibility of full participation in the most of the Agency’s Mikołaj Kopernik Astronomer 17th 1543 century 1958 1970 1973 1978 “On the Works Poland Meteor-2 The first The first Revolutions of Jan Heweliusz among rocket flight Polish Pole in space of the Heavenly and Kazimierz founding to 90 km instrument Spheres” by Siemienowicz members altitude in space 4 Mikołaj Kopernik of COPUOS programmes. The dedicated support mecha- contracts increased from less than 50 in 2012 nism for the Polish industry has been created to over 300 in 2016. Polish companies began by ESA (Polish Industry Incentive Scheme seeking technological niches compatible with – PLIIS), which will be available until the end their competences and targeting subcontrac- of 2019. By mid-2016 209 project proposals tor positions for the European satellite systems were submitted in PLIIS open competitions, integrators. The relative competitiveness of the of which 85 were approved for implementation Polish entities is demonstrated not only by con- with a budget of nearly 16 million euro. At the ducting projects under the PLIIS mechanism, same time the Polish space governance struc- but also successfully competing for contracts ture matured: in 2015 the Polish Space Agency in ESA optional programmes. During the four was established and in 2016 a long-term stra- years they were able to utilise 100% of the ava- tegy for development of the space sector was ilable funds in 8 out of 10 optional programmes defined. in which Poland participated. The first four years of the Poland’s membership in ESA was a period of intensive development of the Polish space sector. A number of exist- ing companies and R&D institutions became interested in the space area and new space- focused business ventures were established. The number of organizations interested in ESA 1994 2007 2009 2012 2012 2013 2015 2015 The first Poland became Full membership The first Polish Accession of The first Polish Establishment Accession of Poland cooperation ESA European of Poland student satellite Poland to ESA scientific satellite of the Polish to the European agreement Cooperating in Eumetsat in orbit in orbit Space Southern with ESA State Agency Observatory (PECS) (ESO) 5 03 SPAce policY Space POLICY OBJECTIVES POLAND IN ESA 2017-2020 The aim of the Polish space policy is the development Mandatory programmes 20,8 mln € of the space sector in order to support innovation and 100% industrial competitiveness, increase the efficiency and Optional programmes effectiveness of public administration and meet the Earth Observation 9,7mln € georeturn needs of defence and national security. Envelope Programme 5 in 8 out of 10 In 2016, a new Polish space strategy was agreed upon. optional General Support 7,6 mln € Its implementation is supposed to lead to an increase programmes Technology Programme in the turnover of Polish space sector, which in 2030 should achieve a 3% share in the overall European Space Situational Awareness 6,0 mln € space market. The strategy envisages implementa- Integrated Applications 5,0 mln € tion of activities in five areas: support for increasing Promotion (Artes) competitiveness of the sector; development of satellite applications as a contribution to the development of Prodex 5,0 mln € digital economy; creation of the necessary operational Future Launchers Preparatory 4 mln € capabilities in the field of security and defence; crea- Programme NEO ting favourable conditions for the overall development of the sector; and building up competences of specia- European Exploration 3,8 mln € lized experts. Envelope Programme The strategy will promote sustainable development Neosat (Artes) 2 mln € of upstream and downstream. It will be implemented mainly through active participation in ESA programmes Navigation Innovation 1,5 mln € (in particular, the gradual increase of Polish contribution and Support Programme to optional programmes) and the establishment of a na- Artes Future Preparation 0,3 mln € tional space program, combined with increased Polish involvement in the space programmes of the European Artes Future Preparation 0,3 mln € Union, Eumetsat and the European Defence Agency. Poland also participates in space activities of other inter- It is also assumed to support the presence of Polish national organizations. Part of the space programme of players in the commercial space market, including the European Union in the period 2014-2020 (including in the area of the so-called „New Space”; as well as Galileo, Copernicus and space part of Horizon 2020) is measures for the creation of spin-offs and the transfer financed from the Polish contribution to the EU – it is of know-how beyond the space sector. This approach estimated at around € 53 million annually. As one of the will allow for the use of the innovation potential of the members of Eumetsat Poland pays an annual contribu- space sector in many areas of the economy. tion, which in 2017 amounts to more than 13 million €. 6 SPACE GOVERNANCE Inter-Ministerial Board for Space Policy Parliamentary Space Group is composed of secretaries and under-secretaries of state from undertakes legislative actions on the level of Sejm and Senat ministries involved in space activities and representatives of the (two parliamentary bodies in Poland) regarding space activities. Polish Space Agency, PARP and ARP; coordinates the actions of A Parliamentary Space Group representative serves as the Polish governmental administration in the space policy area and makes delegate to the European Interparliamentary Space Conference key decisions, including financial ones. (EISC). www.mr.gov.pl | +48 22 693 42 61 www.sejm.gov.pl | +48 22 694 15 47 Ministry of Economic Development Polish Agency for Enterprise Development is the leading body in the definition and implementation of the manages economy development programmes supporting rese- Polish space policy, represents Poland in the European Space arch and innovation activities of small and medium enterprises Agency and in the European Union space-related institutions. (SME), regional development, export expansion, human resour- www.mr.gov.pl | +48 22 693 42 61 ces development and utilisation of modern technologies. PARP also fosters the development of entrepreneurship in the space Ministries involved in ESA activities sector, promotes Polish companies and Polish technologies. Ministry of Economic Development, Ministry of Digital Affairs, www.parp.gov.pl | +48 22 432 89 91 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Environment,