502 JPFSM : Environmental physiology / Exercise training 413. 414. Endocrine and muscle performance to combi- Separate effects of voluntary hyperventilation nation of resistance and repeated sprint train- and resultant hypocapnia on metabolic and ing in hypoxia cardiovascular responses during and follow- Kazumichi Kurobe1, Zhong Huang2, Hidetoshi Oshiro2, ing supramaximal exercise 3 4 Takuma Arimitsu , Masato Nishiwaki Kohei Dobashi1, Naoto Fujii1, Tomomi Fujimoto1,2, Satoru (1Hannan Univ., 2Sports Okinawa, 3Ritsumeikan Univ., 4Osaka Inst. of Tanigawa1, Masashi Ichinose3, Takeshi Nishiyasu1 Tech.) (1Faculty of Health & Sport Sci, Tsukuba Univ, Tsukuba, Japan, 2Ja- [Aims] The purpose of the present study was to clarify endocrine pan Society for the Promotion of Sci. Tokyo, Japan, 3Sch. of Busi- responses and muscle performance with combined training of re- ness Administration, Meiji Univ. Tokyo, Japan) sistance exercise and repeated sprint exercise in hypoxia.[Methods] Eight healthy men had exercise habit participated combined train- [Aims] The purpose of this study was to assess the separate ef- ing of 3 day a week for 8 weeks. Combined training was composed fects of voluntary hyperventilation (VH) and resultant hypocapnia squat exercise (3 sets of 10 RM with 1 min rest) and repeated sprint on metabolic and cardiovascular responses during and following exercise by cycle ergometer (2 sets of 5×6-s sprint with 24-s rest) in supramaximal exercise. [Methods] Nine males and 1 female per- normoxic (FiO2 = 20.9%) and hypoxic (FiO2 = 12.7%) conditions. formed a 60-s supramaximal cycling exercise (120% peak oxygen Subjects were randomly assigned to either normoxic or hypoxic uptake) in three different trials: 1) spontaneous breathing (control), condition, the first-training for 8 weeks followed by second-training 2) hypocapnia or 3) normocapnia trials. Hypocapnia was developed in another condition was performed after washout period at least 3 through VH for 20 min prior to the exercise. In the normocapnia months. [Results] Growth hormone after exercise at final-training trial, as with the hypocapnia trial, VH was performed but hypocap- day was higher in hypoxic group than normoxic group (P<0.05). nia was prevented with CO2 inhalation. [Results] Oxygen uptake Cross-sectional area of femoral region increased after 4 and 8 weeks ・ (VO2) during the exercise in both hypocapnia and normocapnia tri- ・ of training compared to pre-training in both groups (P<0.05), but als was lower than control trial. Moreover, VO during the exercise no significant differences were found between groups. Although 2 was lower in the hypocapnia vs. normocapnia trials. Heart rate (HR) total work and peak power during repeated sprint test, and muscle during and following the exercise was lower in the hypocapnia strength (1 RM) increased after 8 weeks of training compared to relative to the other two trials. Mean arterial blood pressure after pre-training in both groups (P<0.05), those parameters in hypoxic group were observed to increase after 4 weeks (P<0.05). [Conclu- the exercise was lower in the hypocapnia than the other two trials. sions] Combined resistance and repeated sprint training in hypoxic [Conclusions] Our results suggest that both hypocapnia and VH group showed a tendency to increase growth hormone compared lower aerobic metabolic rate during supramaximal exercise, and hy- to normoxic group. Furthermore, the muscle performance was sug- pocapnia but not VH lowers HR during and after the exercise. gested to improve earlier in hypoxic group. Keywords : hypocapnia, respiratory muscle, cardiovascular response Keywords : resistance training, sprint training, hypoxia 415. 416. Effects of mild hyperbaric oxygen on the de- Alcohol concentration in respiratory gas after crease in dopaminergic neurons of model drinking may be higher by enhanced endur- mice with Parkinson’s disease ance capacity by 12 week aerobic training Ai Takemura1, Yuina Kusuda1, Masaki Nakano2, Akihiko Kazuki Takizawa1, Taichi Yamaguchi2, Keisuke Shibata2,3, Ishihara1 Nobuyasu Tomabechi3 (1Grad Sch Human Environ Stud, Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan, 2Grad (1Institute of Physical Development Research, 2Rakuno Gakuen Uni- Sch Biostud, Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan) versity, 3Hokkaido University) [Aims] Parkinson’s disease is induced by the decrease of dopami- [Aim] We had reported 12-weeks resistance training may improve nergic neurons in the substantia nigra. We hypothesized that mild alcoholysis after drinking. However, the reports that investigated ef- hyperbaric oxygen inhibits the decrease of dopaminergic neurons, fects of aerobic training on alcoholysis ability had been never seen. because of increase of metabolism in dopaminergic neurons. [Meth- We investigated whether 12-weeks aerobic training maight change ods] Four-week-old C57BL/6JJmsSl male mice were divided into alcoholysis ability. [Methods] Eight sedentary collegiate were the three groups (n=12/group); control (CON), Parkinson’s disease participated in this study (age: 21.1±1.0 yrs, height: 174.0±4.8cm, (PD), and Parkinson’s disease with mild hyperbaric oxygen (PDO). weight: 63.2±7.0kg). All subjects were over 20 yrs old at the start The PD and PDO groups were intraperitoneally injected with MPTP of investigation. The subjects carried out aerobic training for 30 (20 mg/kg body weight) and probenecid (250 mg/kg body weight) minutes lactate threshold by bicycle ergometer for 3 times per week ・ twice a week from 7 to 18 weeks. Moreover, the PDO group was through 12-weeks. We measured VO2, workload at lactate thresh- exposed to mild hyperbaric oxygen at 1.3 atmospheres absolute with old and alcoholysis ability. The alcoholysis ability was evaluated 45% oxygen for 3 hours three times a week. The motor function by breath alcohol concentration. The breath alcohol concentrations and percentage of TH-positive neurons to all neurons in the sub- were measured every 30 minutes at 30-240 minutes after drink- stantia nigra on the serial sections were measured. [Results] In the ing 300 ml shochu (Sapporo soft: alcohol 20 %) with fasting at beam-balance test, the number of times that the mouse slid a foot morning. [Results] After 12-weeks aerobic training, the workload ・ was more in the PD group than in the CON and PDO groups at 16- at lactate threshold and VO2max significantly (p<0.01) improved. 18 weeks. The number of dopaminergic neurons was fewer in the There was a significant interaction (before-after x measuring points: PD and PDO groups than in the CON group, and more in the PDO p<0.01) of breath alcohol concentration. There were higher in groups than in the PD group. [Conclusions] Mild hyperbaric oxygen breath alcohol concentration after training period at all measuring inhibits the progressive decrease of dopaminergic neurons induced points than those before training (p<0.05). [Conclusion] The results by Parkinson’s disease, which would result in the improvement of indicated that aerobic training increased breath alcohol concentra- Parkinson’s disease. tion after drinking. In conclusion, aerobic training might decrease Keywords : Parkinson’s disease, mild hyperbaric oxygen, oxidative alcoholysis ability. ・ metabolism Keywords : Alcohol metabolism, VO2, Lactate threshold JPFSM : Exercise training 503 417. 418. Effects of exercise intensity and timing on the Effects of different exercise training programs following nocturnal sleep and its haemody- on endothelium-drived relaxing factors namic response Natsuki Hasegawa1,2, Shumpei Fujie1,2, Naoki Horii1, Ma- 1 1 1 Akira Miura , Masaki Fujimoto , Hideaki Kashima , Masako sataka Uchida1, Izumi Tabata1, Motoyuki Iemitsu1 1 1 Yamaoka , Yoshiyuki Fukuba (1Ritsumeikan Univ., 2JSPS Research Fellow) (1Dept. Health Sci., Prefectural Univ. of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan) INTRODUCTION: Aerobic training (AT) and high-intensity inter- [Aims] We determined the effects of exercise intensity and timing mittent training (HIIT) reduce arterial stiffness, whereas resistance on the sleep quality and quantity, and haemodynamic response dur- training (RT) induces no change or deterioration of arterial stiffness. ing nocturnal sleep. [Methods] Eight healthy young female subjects However, the effects of different type of exercise training on central (21-22 yr), who did not habitually exercise, participated in this arterial stiffness and endothelial vasodilation factors remain unclear. study. Each subject performed cycle ergometer exercise (60 min AIMS: This study aimed to clarify the effects of different type of at 40% [Low] and 24-29 min at 70% [Hi] heart rate reserve) in the exercise training on central arterial stiffness and endothelium-drived morning [M] and the night [N]. In five conditions, Low-M, Hi-M, relaxing factors, such as nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling Low-N, Hi-N, and control (without exercise) blood pressure (BP) pathway in aorta of rats. METHODS: Forty 10-week-old male and heart rate were measured using Holter HR/BP monitoring de- Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; seden- vice every one hour from 23:00 to early morning during nocturnal tary control (CON), AT (treadmill running for 60min at 30m/min, sleep. The quantitative parameters of sleep (total sleep time, sleep 5days/wk for 8weeks), RT (ladder climbing, 8-10sets/day, 3days/ efficiency, sleep onset latency, wake time after sleep onset) were de- termined by the actigraphy accelerometer. [Results] Sleep efficiency wk for 8weeks), and HIIT (14 repeats of a 20-sec swimming ses- in Hi-N was higher than that in the control