Hautes-Alpes Department Engineering and Services Division Agricultural Water Systems Department EVALUATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HYDROMORPHOLOGICAL RESTORATION OF TWO RIVER SECTIONS, AND EVALUATION OF RELATED ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: CASE STUDY OF THE DRAC AND BUËCH RIVERS QUALIFICATION, QUANTIFICATION (DRAC AND BUËCH) OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, AND MONETISATION (DRAC ONLY) FINAL VERSION MAY 2019 Hautes-Alpes Department Engineering and Services Division Agricultural Water Systems Department Contract no. MA 17045 Version 0 1 2 Name: Claire Bonnal Drafted by Position: Economist Signature: Date: 03/04/2019 Name: Reviewed by Position: Signature: Date: HAUTES-ALPES DEPARTMENT STUDY – FINAL VERSION 2018_07_03-05 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1 2 FOREWORD: WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM SERVICE? ............................................................. 2 3 QUALIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ........................... 6 3.1 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: STUDY REACH ............................................................................................ 6 3.1.1 “PROVISIONING” SERVICES ........................................................................................................................ 9 3.1.1.1 NUTRITION .......................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.1.2 RESOURCES ....................................................................................................................................................... 15 3.1.1.3 BIOMASS-BASED ENERGY RESOURCES ................................................................................................ 22 3.1.2 “REGULATION AND MAINTENANCE” SERVICES.............................................................................. 25 3.1.3 “CULTURAL” SERVICES .............................................................................................................................. 47 3.1.4 USAGE OF ABIOTIC NATURAL CAPITAL SERVICES ....................................................................... 57 3.1.4.1 HYDROPOWER ................................................................................................................................................ 57 3.1.4.2 SEDIMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION ......................................................................................................... 59 3.2 MONETISATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ................................................................................ 65 3.2.1 MONETISATION: DEFINITIONS AND METHODS ............................................................................. 65 3.2.2 RESULTS OBTAINED WITH THE “WFD-CBA” TOOL ........................................................................ 68 3.2.3 RESULTS OBTAINED FOR “OTHER” ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ........................................................ 70 3.2.3.1 EXAMPLE 1: CARBON SEQUESTRATION ................................................................................................ 72 3.2.3.2 EXAMPLE 2: PROVISIONING – WOOD ................................................................................................... 72 3.2.3.3 MONETISATION OF USAGE OF ABIOTIC NATURAL CAPITAL ....................................................... 73 3.2.4 CONCLUSIONS ON THE MONETISATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES .................................... 73 4 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................... 75 ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................................. 77 ANNEX 1: BUËCH WORKSHOP ................................................................................................................... 78 ANNEX 2: DRAC WORKSHOP .................................................................................................................... 80 ANNEX 3: PARTICIPATORY WORKSHOP ................................................................................................ 82 GUIDELINES ...................................................................................................................................................... 82 ANNEX 4: LANDSCAPE BLOCK DIAGRAM: DRAC ............................................................................... 84 ANNEX 5: LANDSCAPE BLOCK DIAGRAM: BUËCH ............................................................................. 86 87 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Global classification of ecosystem services by Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (United Nations) ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 MAY 2019 HAUTES-ALPES DEPARTMENT STUDY – FINAL VERSION 2018_07_03-05 Figure 2: Location of the site where the protocol was applied on the Drac (source: MRE) ...............7 Figure 3: Location of the site where the protocol was applied on the Buëch – Source: MRE) ........ 8 Figure 4: Individual withdrawal points in the Buëch drainage basin (source: Étude de détermination des volumes maximum prélevables sur le bassin versant du Buëch- Juillet 2011) 20 Figure 5: Index of symbolic Alpine species (source: AlpES project, CEREMA) ..................................... 46 Figure 6: Landscape block diagram: Drac (source: Atlas paysager – La vallée des Drac - Département des Hautes Alpes)......................................................................................................................... 48 Figure 7: Landscape block diagram: Buëch (source: Atlas paysager – La vallée du Buëch - Département des Hautes Alpes)......................................................................................................................... 50 Figure 8: Overview of hydropower generation on the Séveraisse tributary, plus infrastructure description table (source: Études d’estimation des volumes prélevables globaux - Sous bassin versant du Haut Drac – Septembre 2012) ....................................................................................................... 58 Figure 9: Different concepts of value (source: http://www.espaces-naturels.info/quelles-valeurs- s-agit-il) ....................................................................................................................................................................... 66 Figure 10: Les services écosystémiques des forêts et leur rémunération éventuelle, Bernard Chevassus-au-Louis, Romain Pirard ................................................................................................................... 71 Figure 11: Les évaluations économiques en appui à la gestion de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques, Maria Salvetti, ONEMA, Ministère de l’écologie, du développement durable et de l’énergie ....... 71 Figure 12: Per-hectare values of services provided by wetlands in the Marais du Cotentin et du Bessin Regional Nature Park ................................................................................................................................ 72 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: ES classification scheme of the HyMoCARES project; source: WPT1. Ecosystem Services (ES) assessment framework - D.T.1.1 Report on ES definition and systematics - EU HyMoCARES Project 30/06/2017 .................................................................................................................................................... 5 Table 2: Surface area (in hectares) per crop, per commune representing the Drac restoration site, in 2000 and 2010 ............................................................................................................................................... 9 Table 3: Surface area (in hectares) per crop, per commune representing the Buëch restoration site, in 2000 and 2010 .............................................................................................................................................. 10 Table 4: Surface area of grassland (temporary or artificial), per commune representing the Drac restoration site, in 2000 and 2010 ....................................................................................................................... 11 Table 5: Surface area of grassland (temporary or artificial), per commune representing the Buëch restoration site, in 2000 and 2010 .......................................................................................................... 11 Table 6: Demand for surface water for drinking purpose (in m³/hectare and /year) for the communes in the areas covered by the study (Drac and Buëch) – Source: CEREMA ....................... 13 MAY 2019 HAUTES-ALPES DEPARTMENT STUDY – FINAL VERSION 2018_07_03-05 Table 7: Withdrawals of ground water for drinking purpose (in m³/year) for the communes in the areas covered by the study (Drac and Buëch)......................................................................................... 14 Table 8: Characterisation of forest resource land cover in 2016 for the Drac and Buëch communes covered by the study ........................................................................................................................ 15 Table 9: Demand, supply and flow of fuelwood (in m³/hectare and /year) for the Drac and Buëch communes covered by the study (Source: CEREMA) ..................................................................................