Decapod and Stomatopod Crustacea from Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean Raymond B. Manning and Fenner A. Chace, Jr. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 503 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. Robert McC. Adams Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 503 Decapod and Stomatopod Crustacea from Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean Raymond B. Manning and Fenner A. Chace, Jr. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 1990 ABSTRACT Manning, Raymond B., and Fenner A. Chace, Jr. Decapod and Stomatopod Crastacea from Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 503, 91 pages, 47 figures, 4 tables 1990.—Seventy four species of decapods and two species of stomatopods are recorded from Ascension Island. Of the decapods, 22 (30%) are amphi- Atlantic, 14 (19%) are endemic to the island, 19 (26%) occur in the central and western Atlantic only, and 14 (19%) are known only from the central and eastern Atlantic. Two new genera are recognized, Laleonectes, type species Portunus vocans A. Milne Edwards, and Tetrasqiulla, type species Lysiosquilla mccullochae Schmitt. Ten new species are described: Typton ascensionis, Gnathophyllum ascensione, Salmoneus setosus, Salmoneus teres, Processa packeri, Microprosthema inornatum, Odontozona anaphorae, Clibanarius rosewateri, Mursia mcdowelli, and Cataleptodius olsoni. Seven of the nine known shallow-water pantropical species of decapods and the only pantropical stomatopod are found at Ascension. Dardanus imperator, Euryozius sanguineus, Gecarcinus lagostoma, and Pachygrapsus loveridgei, are central Atlantic island species, known almost exclusively from Ascension or from Ascension and St. Helena. The percent of amphi-Atlantic fauna is about the same on Ascension (30%) and St. Helena (29%),but the percent of eastern Atlantic fauna (26% vs. 19%) and Indo-West Pacific fauna (23% vs. 16%) are higher at St. Helena; the component of western Atlantic fauna (26% vs. 14%) and endemic species (19% vs. 9%) are higher at Ascension. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report,Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Date Manning, Raymond B., 1934- Decapod and stomatopod Crustacea from Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean / Raymond B Manning and Fenner A. Chace, Jr. p. cm. — (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 503) Supt of Docs, no.: SI 1.27:503 1. Decapoda (Crustacea)—Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean)—Classification. 2. Decapoda (Crustacea) Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) 3. Stomatopoda—Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) I. Chace,Fenner Albert. II. Title. III. Series. QL1.S54 no. 503 [QL444.M33] 591 s—dc20 [595.3'84'O9973] Contents Page Introduction 1 Previous Accounts of Ascension Decapoda and Stomatopoda 2 Shore Habitats on Ascension 4 Format Considerations 5 Abbreviations and Repositories 7 Acknowledgments 7 DECAPODA 8 Family PENAEIDAE 8 Metapenaeopsis gerardo/Pe"rez Farfante, 1971 8 Family PROCARIDIDAE 8 Procaris ascensionis Chace and Manning, 1972 8 Family ATYIDAE 9 Typhlatya rogersi Chace and Manning, 1972 9 Family RHYNCHOCINETIDAE 9 Rhynchocinetes rigens Gordon, 1936 9 Family PALAEMONIDAE 9 Brachycarpus biunguiculatus (Lucas, 1846) 9 Pontonia pinnophylax (Otto, 1821) 10 Typton ascensionis, new species 10 Family GNATHOPHYLLIDAE 11 Gnathophyllum ascensione, new species 11 Family ALPHEIDAE 14 Alpheus bouvieri A. Milne Edwards, 1878 14 Alpheus crockeri (Armstrong, 1941) ? 14 Alpheus dentipes Gue'rin-Me'neville, 1832 15 Alpheus holthuisi Ribeiro, 1964 15 Alpheus macrocheles (Hailstone, 1835) 15 Alpheus paracrinitus Miers, 1881 16 Automate dolichognatha De Man, 1888 16 Metalpheus paragracilis (Coutiere, 1897) 16 Metalpheus rostratipes (Pocock, 1890) 16 Neoalpheopsis euryone (De Man, 1910) 17 Salmoneus setosus, new species 17 Salmoneus teres, new species 20 Synalpheus fritzmuelleri Coutiere, 1909 22 Family HIPPOLYTIDAE 23 Lysmata grabhami (Gordon, 1935) 23 Lysmata intermedia (Kingsley, 1878) 23 Lysmata moorei (Rathbun, 1901) 23 Thor manningi Chace, 1972 24 Family PROCESSIDAE 24 Processa packeri, new species 24 Family STENOPODIDAE 26 Microprosthema inornatum, new species 26 Odontozona anaphorae, new species 29 Stenopus hispidus (Olivier, 1811) 31 in SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Family ENOPLOMETOPIDAE 31 Enoplometopus (Hoplometopus) antillensis Lutken, 1865 31 Family AxilDAE 31 Axiopsis serratifrons (A. Milne Edwards, 1873) 31 Family CALLIANASSIDAE 34 Corallianassa hartmeyeri (Schmitt, 1935) 34 Family PAUNURIDAE 36 Panulirus echinatus Smith, 1869 36 Family SCYLLARIDAE 36 Scyllarides delfosi Holthuis, 1960 36 Family DIOGENIDAE 36 Calcinus tubularis (Linnaeus, 1767) 36 Clibanarius rosewateri, new species 37 Dardanus imperator (Miers, 1881) 37 Family PARAPAGURIDAE 40 Sympagurus dimorphus (Studer, 1883) 40 Family PORCELLANIDAE 40 Petrolisthes marginatus Stimpson, 1859 40 Family HlPPlDAE 41 Hippa testudinaria (Herbst, 1791) 41 Family DROMIIDAE 41 Dromia erythropus (Edwards, 1771) 41 Dromia marmorea Forest, 1974 42 Dromia personate (Linnaeus, 1758) 43 Dromidia antillensis Stimpson, 1859 43 Family LATREILLIIDAE 44 Latreillia manningi Williams, 1982 44 Family RANINIDAE 44 Ranilia constricta (A. Milne Edwards, 1880) 44 Family CALAPPIDAE 45 Calappa galloides Stimpson, 1859 45 Mursia mcdowelli, new species 45 Osachila stimpsonii Studer, 1883 46 Family MAJIDAE 47 Acanthonyx sanctaehelenae Chace, 1966 47 Apiomithrax violaceus (A. Milne Edwards, 1867) 47 Family PARTHENOPIDAE 48 Parthenope verrucosa Studer, 1883 48 Family ATELECYCLIDAE 48 Atelecyclus rotundatus (Olivi, 1792) 48 Family PORTUNIDAE 50 Laleonectes, new genus 50 Laleonectes vocans (A. Milne Edwards, 1878), new combination 50 Portunus anceps (De Saussure, 1857) 52 Family GONEPLACIDAE 52 Acidops cessacii (A. Milne Edwards, 1878) 52 Family XANTHIDAE 54 Cataleptodius olsoni, new species 54 Domecia acanthophora (Schramm, 1867) 54 Euryozius sanguineus (Linnaeus, 1771) 55 Microcassiope minor (Dana, 1852) 56 Nannocassiope melanodactylus (A. Milne Edwards, 1867) 57 Panopeus hartii Smith, 1869 57 Paractaea rufopunctata africana Guinot, 1969 57 NUMBER 503 Platypodiella picta (A. Milne Edwards, 1869) 59 Xanthodius denticulatus (White, 1848) 60 Family GECARCINIDAE 60 Gecarcinus lagostoma H. Milne Edwards, 1837 60 Family GRAPSIDAE 63 Grapsus adscensionis (Osbeck, 1765) 63 Pachygrapsus corrugatus (Von Martens, 1872) 66 Pachygrapsus loveridgei Chace, 1966 66 Percnon abbreviation (Dana, 1851) 68 Percnon gibbesi (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) 68 Plagusia depressa (Fabricius, 1775) 69 Family CRYPTOCHIRIDAE 69 Opecarcinus hypostegus (Shaw and Hopkins, 1977) 69 Troglocarcinus corallicola Verrill, 1908 69 STOMATOPODA 70 Family LYSIOSQUILLIDAE 70 Tetrasquilla, new genus 70 Tetrasquilla mccullochae (Schmitt, 1940), new combination 70 Family PSEUDOSQUILLIDAE 71 Pseudosquilla oculata (Brulle\ 1837) 71 Zoogeographical Considerations 71 The Fauna of Ascension and St. Helena 72 The Fauna of St. Paul's Rocks 78 The Fauna of Fernando de Noronha 78 The Fauna of Bermuda 78 Discontinuous Distributions 79 Appendix: Station Data 80 R.B. Manning's 1971 Expedition to Ascension 80 The 1976 Smithsonian Expedition to Ascension 81 Literature Cited 82 Decapod and Stomatopod Crustacea from Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean Raymond B. Manning and Fenner A. Chace, Jr. Introduction gists' Union Centenary Expedition to the island, and by Hart-Davis (1972) in a book on the island. Ascension Island is an isolated oceanic island in the South As we noted* in our account of Procaris ascensionis and Atlantic (Figure 1), situated about 150 kilometers west