Ragnar’s Cabinet Study Guide OUTLINE 1. Letter from the Under-Secretary Generals 2. Cabinet Introduction 3. BackgroundBUILDER Information AND DESTROYER OF THE UNION: 3.1. The Vikings and“ANTAGONISM” Scandinavia 3.2. The Viking Age 3.3. Society and Economy 3.4. Viking Military and Navy 3.5. The British Isles 4. The Characters 5. Bibliography CONFERENCE 2020 1. LETTER FROM THE UNDER-SECRETARY GENERALS; Most DistinguishedBUILDER Participants; AND DESTROYER OF THE UNION: “ANTAGONISM” We are more than honoured to welcome you all to the fifth annual session of KAIHLMUN, which will be held between 20-23 February in Kartal Anatolian Imam-Hatip High School. Our names are Eli Evren Ross and Furkan Sarı, we will be serving you as the responsible co Under- Secretary-Generals for Ragnar’s Cabinet. We are currently two 11’th year students in Prof. Dr. Mümtaz Turhan Social Sciences High School and have been attending Model United Nation conferences for more than three years now. Firstly, we would like to thank our Secretary General Dilara Koç for giving us the opportunity to serve you in this prestigious conference and our lovely academic assistant Yusuf Mirza Arslan for helping us in every minute of the study guide writing process and preparing of this committee. In Ragnar’s Cabinet, members will try to gain a foothold in overseas lands and tackle problems arising from the cold and difficult weather/seas. There are many hardened warriors in the region and as the Cabinet of Ragnar it is expected of you to find solutions to the problems that you will CONFERENCE 2020 face and maintain your people and your jarldom/kingdom. In order to be prepared for the committee please read the study guide carefully and check out the further readings sections. Lastly, we are looking forward to meet you all and have a great conference! For any information please do not hesitate to contact us via; [email protected] [email protected] 2. CABINET INRODUCTION Ragnar Lodbrok is a Viking warrior and king who has written many sagas about himself. According to bothBUILDER the western ANDand Northern DESTROYER sagas, Ragnar OF Lodbrok THE 9. UNION: he became famous for his invasions into England and France in the “ANTAGONISM” century and left a great mark on history and changed the future of both the West and the north. Even after the death of Ragnar Lodbrok, his influence lasted and brought England and the Vikings into a protracted war. Ragnar is a man who has risen from farming to becoming a king and has proven himself. He has brought great wealth to his kingdom with many raids which he successfully concluded with his unique strategies and has provided the writing of poems and folk songs in his name. In KAIHLMUN’20, the history of Ragnar Lodbrok will start from the times when he was jarl and continue according to the actions of the cabinet. The delegates will be focusing on invasions to the west and possible dangers which are coming from Jarls and Kings according to the crises which will be given during the sessions.CONFERENCE In this committee, 2020 delegates will manage events that will affect both the West and North’s faith. 3. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3.1.THE VIKINGS AND SCANDINAVIA The Vikings were Norwegians, Swedes and Danes, men who were usually farmers, traders, blacksmiths, and craftsmen. The word Viking is thought to come from Viken cove located in the south of Norway. It is often used Norseman, Northmann, Northmen, meaning the Viking. The Vikings were fearlessBUILDER fighters, ANDthe war DESTROYER was an art for them. OF THE UNION: “ANTAGONISM” They were influential in the 9th and 10th centuries and became the symbol of fear looting and piracy in Europe. In this period called the "Viking Age", the Vikings, which dominated many parts of the world, such as Europe, Asia and North America, became an important source of fear, especially for the people living on the coastline. The most important warrior features of the Vikings, who are master sailors, are the ships they have built. The ships were suitable to travel long distances, the Vikings were able to move quickly and rapidly in the open seas. Special ship construction techniques made the long ships and larger dragon ships versatile enough to sail great distances, carry up to 200 men, withstand rough seas while still being light enough to drag over land or carry through portages. Contemporaries of the Vikings were awed by their ships and sailing skills. Most of the Vikings whose activities are most popular originated from the territories presently known as Denmark, Norway andCONFERENCE Sweden, though there are 2020 specifies in verifiable records of Finnish, Estonian and Saami Vikings too. Their shared belief and what made them unique in relation to the European people groups they went up against was that they originated from a remote land, they were not "humanized" in the neighborhood comprehension of the word and in particular they were not Christian. The Vikings practiced primogeniture, which means the eldest son inherits everything and any younger sons nothing. Without land to farm, younger sons would need to find a way to make a living. This theory seems likely at least as one of the factors leading to the Scandinavian expansion into Europe. The Vikings were living in scattered troops in Sweden, Norway and Denmark and they were never able to unite under a single flag. They often wrestled with civil wars and could not enjoy their victories in European campaigns. Since they had incredible abilities in terms of warrior characteristics, no power could stand before them. Their armies; it was filled with molded and blood-thirsty wild people. For this reason, they saw no harm in attacking churches and monasteries and seizing valuable items. Contrary to what has been portrayed for years, they wore no horned helmets, and even fought unprotected, without wearing anything. When their fame reached Eastern Rome in the 9th century, the "Vareg Guards" unit, consisting of a group of Vikings, was going to be established at the request of the empire. BUILDER AND DESTROYER OF THE UNION: The Vikings have formed the large army“ANTAGONISM” and started conquest movements. The sons of the famous Viking King Ragnar Lothbrok were ruling this huge army. The conquests that started with the capture of the East Anglia Kingdom continued with the acquisition of the Kingdom of Northumbia and the Mercia Kingdom after various intervals and treaties. The warriors who wanted to gain land had no intention to stop. When the calendars showed 874, the only kingdom that could not be captured from the 7 kingdoms in England was the Wessex Kingdom. In the Edington War that took place here, the Vikings would be defeated by Alfred the Great, and as a result of the treaty, they would withdraw and start farming in the places they conquered. In this way, England; It was divided into two as the Vikings and the Wessex Kingdom. By the 900's, the Vikings settled in France and ruled a vast geography that extended to the Black Sea, Russia and Iran in the future. In all of these victories and successes, there was a huge effect of the geography and the location of Scandinavia, which is a region in Northern Europe,CONFERENCE with strong 2020 historical, cultural, and linguistic ties. The term Scandinavia in nearby use covers the three realms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. The larger part national dialects of these three have a place with the Scandinavian vernacular continuum, and are commonly comprehensible North Germanic dialects. In English utilization, Scandinavia additionally in some cases alludes all the more barely to the Scandinavian Peninsula, or all the more comprehensively to incorporate Finland, the Faroe Islands, and Iceland. The time of settlement started around 800 AD. The Vikings attacked and in the end settled in Scotland , England, Greenland , the Faroe Islands , Iceland , Ireland , Livonia , Normandy , the Shetland Islands, Sicily, Rus' and Vinland, on what is currently known as the Island of Newfoundland . Swedish pioneers were for the most part present in Rus, Livonia, and other eastern locales while the Norwegians and the Danish were essentially moved in western and northern Europe . These eastern-voyaging Scandinavian vagrants were in the end known as Varangians (væringjar, signifying "sworn men"),and as per the most seasoned Slavic sources, these varangians established Kievan Rus, the significant East European state preceding the Mongol intrusions. The western-drove warriors, in the long run known as Vikings, left incredible social marks[citation needed] on districts, for example, French Normandy, England, and Ireland, where the city ofBUILDER Dublin was established AND DESTROYER by Viking intruders. OF IcelandTHE UNION:previously got colonized in the late ninth century. “ANTAGONISM” 3.2.THE VIKING AGE The phase started with the raid to Lindisfarne until the end of 11th century is called “Viking Age”. During this period, Vikings explored and expanded their territory through trade and conquest. They found Greenland, Newfoundland, Iceland etc. and they had settlements in British Isles. In global perspective, they left considerable and long-term signs to the lands which they passed and they changed many things in Europe. CONFERENCE 2020 793: The Vikings which are led by Ragnar Lodbrok, raided a wealthy monastery on the tidal island of Lindisfarne off the coast of England. The British assumed that isolated outposts such as monasteries were safe due to their isolation, so this attack was perfectly easy for the Vikings and they saw the East as an easily achievable wealth. Furthermore, the British thought that these "Northmen", unaware of their existence, were a punishment sent by their gods for their sins.