2012 Games Meta-Evaluation: Report 5 (Post-Games Evaluation) Sport Evidence Base Report 5: Post-Games Evaluation Meta-Evaluation of the Impacts and Legacy of the London 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games SPORT EVIDENCE BASE 1 2012 Games Meta-Evaluation: Report 5 (Post-Games Evaluation) Sport Evidence Base For: Department for Culture, Media & Sport Prepared by: Grant Thornton Ecorys Loughborough University Oxford Economics Future Inclusion July 2013 2 2012 Games Meta-Evaluation: Report 5 (Post-Games Evaluation) Sport Evidence Base Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Participation 6 3 Infrastructure 77 4 Elite Sport 114 5 International 137 Annex A: Medal Performance Analysis 151 Annex B: National Governing Body Research Report 169 Annex C: Pre-Games Training Camps Survey 205 Annex D: Econometric Analysis of Taking Part Survey 218 3 2012 Games Meta-Evaluation: Report 5 (Post-Games Evaluation) Sport Evidence Base 1 Introduction The Government has made a commitment to "harnessing the United Kingdom's passion for sport to increase school-based and grass roots participation in competitive sport – and to encourage the whole population to be more physically active".1 Priorities include: Bringing back a culture of competitive sport in schools; Boosting participation in grass roots sport; Increasing participation in wider physical activity; Supporting elite athletes; and Using the power of the Games to give young people around the world access to sports opportunities. This has resulted in the following overarching sport legacy objectives: Increasing sport and physical activity participation; Providing the infrastructure, in terms of facilities, sports volunteering and sports coaching, to support and sustain increased participation; and Developing and sustaining a world class high performance system. The sports-related ambitions of the previous Government were to achieve a lasting improvement, leaving a world-leading system, and focused on: Participation: using the power of the Games to get more people, from across society, playing more sport; Inspiration: using the power of the Games to inspire every young person to begin a life of playing, volunteering or leading in sport; Excellence: using the power of the Games to achieve our greatest Olympic and Paralympic performance (and set the foundations of future elite success); Infrastructure: using the power of the Games to secure the facilities and sports personnel needed to sustain our world-leading system; International: using the power of the Games to increase the UK's influence on the world stage. The previous Government also had a specific strategy for disabled people, including an ambition to increase participation in sport and physical activity among this group.2 Based on the Government's priorities indicated above, the meta-evaluation for the sport theme is grouped into the following sub-themes: Participation: with a focus on sport and physical activity participation; Infrastructure: covering the 2012 Games facilities, access to facilities, club membership, sports volunteering and sports coaching; 1 Hansard, Written Ministerial Statement by The Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media and Sport on Olympic and Paralympic Games Legacy, 20th December 2010 2 This was part of a wider disability legacy strategy which was also aimed at influencing attitudes and perceptions about disabled people and driving improvements in business, transport and employment opportunities. See London 2012 (2010) A legacy for disabled people 4 2012 Games Meta-Evaluation: Report 5 (Post-Games Evaluation) Sport Evidence Base Elite: covering medals performance, athlete development, elite coaching and hosting major events; and International: based mainly on the International Inspiration programme.3 These headline objectives have resulted in a broad suite of investments and activities focused on the sport, all of which can be grouped under the four legacy sub-themes of participation, infrastructure, elite sport and international. These sub-themes provide a framework for our analysis and synthesis of the emerging evidence. The remainder of this evidence base document systematically sets out the evidence available under each of the sub-themes. 3 International Inspiration aimed to bring into reality the 'Singapore Vision', ie the promise made by the London 2012 bid team to "reach young people all around the world and connect them to the inspirational power of the Games so they are inspired to choose sport". The aspiration is to reach 12 million children in 20 countries through the power of high quality and inclusive physical education, sport and play. 5 2012 Games Meta-Evaluation: Report 5 (Post-Games Evaluation) Sport Evidence Base 2 Participation 2.1 Legacy programmes and initiatives One of the key legacy promises in relation to sport is to increase grassroots participation, particularly amongst young people, and to encourage the whole population to be more physically active.4 In order to determine the impact of the Games on sport, it is important to understand the range programmes and initiatives that were funded and implemented as a result of the Games. Assessing the impacts of these programmes on sport and physical activity also requires an understanding of the how national sport and physical activity participation levels have changed and how these programmes may have influenced this along with a sense what might have happened in the absence of the Games (the counterfactual). A key organisation in the delivery of this activity is Sport England. Sport England is focused on the creation of a world-leading community sport system in England that will grow and sustain participation in grassroots sport and create opportunities for people to excel at their chosen sport. It is funded by the Government and the National Lottery and the organisation works closely with UK Sport, which has responsibility for elite success and attracting major sports events. The Youth Sport Trust, which was the delivery partner for the School Sport Partnership and Physical Education and Sport Strategy for Young People (PESSYP) programme, is also Sport England's delivery partner for the new School Games programme.5 Sport England has had a long-standing focus on maintaining and developing levels of grassroots sport participation (and supporting the development of talent pathways) and this was a regular feature in their historical strategies before the Government first committed support to London's bid in 2003. The chronology and strategies around participation are summarised in Figure 2-1. 4 Department for Culture, Media & Sport (December 2010) Plans for the Legacy from the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games 5 Sport England website (www.sportengland.org) 6 2012 Games Meta-Evaluation: Report 5 (Post-Games Evaluation) Sport Evidence Base Figure 2-1: Chronology of key sporting strategy around participation Strategy and date Description of publication England, the Sporting The strategy for the 1997 to 2004 period focused on the four areas of 'young people', Nation (English Sports 'active participation throughout life', 'performance development' and 'achieving Council 1996)6 excellence'. The specific goals for the active participation element focused on increasing the number of people taking sport, reducing the drop out in participation with age and reducing barriers to participation. A Sporting Future for The strategy set out Labour's vision for sport, including sport in education, sport in All (2000) the community, sporting excellence and the modernisation of sporting organisations. It put in train a variety of initiatives and strategies, including PESSYP. It was later replaced by Game Plan 2002. Game Plan, 20027 This strategy prepared by the Strategy Unit set the Government two objectives to produce "a major increase in participation in sport and physical activity" and "a sustainable improvement in success in international competition". Recommendations were made around 'grassroots participation', 'high performance sport', 'mega-sporting events' and delivery'. The Framework for Sport England's three stranded approach centred on making England active, making Sport in England England successful and backing the bid to host the 2012 Games. The first activity (2004 to 2008)8 strand has a diverse strategy around , amongst other things, "helping people to start and stay in sport, providing the solutions to increase and widen the base of participation for everyone regardless of age, gender, ethnic origin or disability." Review of National This report reviewed national sport efforts and resources and recommended five key Sport Effort & areas for consideration: Resources, Patrick 1 To introduce robust measurement and monitoring systems that inform Carter, March 2005 government investment at local level and ensure clear lines of accountability; 2 To promote the personal benefits of sport and physical activity and to help people identify their local delivery points; 3 To improve the local delivery of sport and suggest that government considers how it can support the co-ordination of public, private and voluntary sector investment – as well as local authorities and regional bodies – in order to improve local sporting facilities; 4 To create, under strong government leadership, a single access point and brand for sport in England and to streamline duplicating 'back office' functions that would release more money for front line activity; 5 To provide targeted incentives and commercial assistance – via a new National Sports Foundation