Independent Evaluation of Expenditure of DEC Kosovo Appeal Funds Phases I and II, April 1999 – January 2000 Volume II Peter Wiles Mark Bradbury Manuela Mece Margie Buchanan-Smith Nicola Norman Steve Collins Ana Prodanovic John Cosgrave Jane Shackman Alistair Hallam Fiona Watson Overseas Development Institute In association with Valid International August 2000 ,QGHSHQGHQW(YDOXDWLRQRI([SHQGLWXUH RI'(&.RVRYR$SSHDO)XQGV 3KDVHV,DQG,,$SULO¤-DQXDU\ 7KHHYDOXDWLRQFRQVLVWVRIWKUHHYROXPHVRIZKLFKWKLVLVWKHVHFRQG 9ROXPH,0DLQ)LQGLQJVRIWKH(YDOXDWLRQ 9ROXPH,,6HFWRUDO6HFWLRQV LQFOXGLQJDVHFWLRQRQ:DU$IIHFWHG 3RSXODWLRQVDQG%HQHILFLDULHV 9ROXPH,,,,QGLYLGXDO'(&$JHQF\6XPPDULHV Overseas Development Institute :HVWPLQVWHU %ULGJH 5RDG /RQGRQ 6( -' 7HO )D[ (PDLO KSJ#RGLRUJXN :HEVLWH ZZZRGLRUJXN *UHDW 3RUWODQG 6WUHHW /RQGRQ :1 $+ 7HO )D[ )XUWKHUGHWDLOVDERXWWKLVHYDOXDWLRQFDQEHIRXQGRQWKH'(&ZHEVLWHDW ZZZGHFRUJXN &RYHU'HVWUR\HG0DUNHW6WUHHWLQ'MDNRYD 3KRWRJUDSKWDNHQE\0DUN%UDGEXU\GXULQJWKHHYDOXDWLRQILHOGZRUN0DUFK 'LVDVWHUV(PHUJHQF\&RPPLWWHH Preface Preface This volume of the DEC Kosovo evaluation contains sections on sectoral topics, such as food and nutrition, shelter and psychosocial assistance. It also looks at the experiences of war- affected populations and beneficiaries. This volume should be read in conjunction with Volumes I and III of the report. Volume I contains the main findings of the evaluation, together with overall conclusions and an executive summary. Volume III contains summaries of the agencies’ DEC funded activities. Each agency section also looks at key issues relating to performance which the evaluation team felt merited comment. i Table of Contents Table of Contents Preface ....................................................................................................................................... i Table of Contents....................................................................................................................iii Figures, Tables and Boxes ....................................................................................................vii Glossary ................................................................................................................................... ix SECTION 1: FOOD AND NUTRITION............................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 General Findings ................................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Use of DEC Funds............................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Objectives of Food Aid........................................................................................................ 4 1.5 Quantity and Quality of Food Aid....................................................................................... 5 1.6 Coverage of Vulnerable Groups.......................................................................................... 7 1.7 Cost-effectiveness of Different Rations .............................................................................. 8 1.8 Impact of Food Aid............................................................................................................ 10 1.9 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 11 Annex 1.1: Food and Nutrition Tables .................................................................................... 13 SECTION 2: HEALTH......................................................................................................... 21 2.1 Mortality and Morbidity .................................................................................................... 21 2.2 Surveillance ....................................................................................................................... 21 2.3 Non-communicable Disease.............................................................................................. 22 2.4 Communicable Disease ..................................................................................................... 23 2.5 The Humanitarian Intervention ......................................................................................... 24 2.6 Integrated Public Health Interventions.............................................................................. 25 2.7 Recommendation............................................................................................................... 27 2.8 Rehabilitation .................................................................................................................... 28 2.9 Coverage in Health ............................................................................................................ 28 2.10 Standards and Impartiality............................................................................................... 29 SECTION 3: SHELTER....................................................................................................... 31 3.1 Background........................................................................................................................ 31 3.2 DEC Agency Response ..................................................................................................... 32 3.3 Assistance for Construction............................................................................................... 34 3.4 Great Expectations............................................................................................................. 35 3.5 The Category 5 Question................................................................................................... 36 3.6 Programme Standards........................................................................................................ 36 3.7 Shelter Kits ........................................................................................................................ 38 3.8 Coordination ...................................................................................................................... 38 3.9 Management Issues ...........................................................................................................38 3.10 Continuing Work ............................................................................................................. 39 3.11 Outcomes......................................................................................................................... 39 SECTION 4: WATER AND SANITATION....................................................................... 41 4.1 Background........................................................................................................................ 41 4.2 The DEC Agencies’ Initial Responses .............................................................................. 42 4.3 Preparedness ...................................................................................................................... 43 iii Independent Evaluation of DEC Kosovo Appeal Funds: Volume II, August 2000 4.4 Rehabilitation Phase Water Projects.................................................................................. 44 4.5 Quality Problems ............................................................................................................... 44 4.6 The Sphere Standards ........................................................................................................45 4.7 Outcomes........................................................................................................................... 46 SECTION 5: SCHOOL AND EDUCATION REHABILITATION................................. 47 5.1 The Politics of Education .................................................................................................. 47 5.2 Work in the School Sector................................................................................................. 48 5.3 NOVIB’s Kosovo Education Rehabilitation Project (KERP) ........................................... 49 5.4 The BRCS Schools Rehabilitation Project ........................................................................ 50 5.5 Health and Safety .............................................................................................................. 50 5.6 Gender: Forgotten Again? ................................................................................................. 51 5.7 Separate Development in Albania? ................................................................................... 51 5.8 The Future?........................................................................................................................ 52 5.9 Outcome............................................................................................................................. 53 SECTION 6: HUMANITARIAN MINE ACTION ............................................................ 55 6.1 Background........................................................................................................................ 55 6.2 DEC Agency Responses.................................................................................................... 56 6.3 Prioritisation ...................................................................................................................... 58 6.4