Copyrighted Material Contributors David D. Ackerly, Department of Integrative Biology, Cheryl J. Briggs, Department of Ecology, Evolution University of California, Berkeley and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara I.3 PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY: PLANTS; II.8 HOST–PARASITOID INTERACTIONS I.16 PHYLOGENETICS AND COMPARATIVE METHODS Judith L. Bronstein, Department of Ecology and Eldridge S. Adams, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona Biology, University of Connecticut II.11 MUTUALISM AND SYMBIOSIS I.8 SOCIAL BEHAVIOR Barry W. Brook, Research Institute for Climate Change Joseph Alcamo, Center for Environmental Systems Research, and Sustainability, University of Adelaide University of Kassel V.1 CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF SPECIES EXTINCTIONS VII.4 MANAGING THE GLOBAL WATER SYSTEM Joel S. Brown, Department of Biological Sciences, Priyanga Amarasekare, Department of Ecology University of Illinois at Chicago and Evolution, University of Chicago I.7 FORAGING BEHAVIOR II.6 COMPETITION AND COEXISTENCE IN ANIMAL Ragan M. Callaway, Division of Biological Sciences, COMMUNITIES University of Montana This research was funded by a grant from NSF III.4 FACILITATION AND THE ORGANIZATION OF PLANT (DEB-0717350). COMMUNITIES Darren Bade, Department of Biological Sciences, Stephen R. Carpenter, Department of Zoology, University of Kent State University Wisconsin–Madison III.12 FRESHWATER CARBON AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL VII MANAGING THE BIOSPHERE CYCLES Just Cebrian, Dauphin Island Sea Lab and Department of Victoria J. Bakker, Division of Physical and Biological Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz III.9 ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY AND CARBON FLOWS: V.2 POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS PATTERNS ACROSS ECOSYSTEMS Marissa L. Baskett, Department of Environmental Science Je´roˆ me Chave, CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche and Policy, University of California, Davis Scientifique), Laboratoire Evolution et Diversite´ Biologique VI.7 MARINE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES III.2 COMPETITION, NEUTRALITY, AND COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION Michael Begon, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool Ryan Chisholm, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary II.9 ECOLOGICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY Biology, Princeton University VII.8 THE ECOLOGY, ECONOMICS, AND MANAGEMENT OF Michael A. Bell, Department of Ecology and Evolution, ALIEN INVASIVE SPECIES Stony Brook University Scott L. Collins, Department of Biology, I.17 MICROEVOLUTION University of New Mexico Thomas Bell, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford IV.5 BOUNDARY DYNAMICS IN LANDSCAPES II.12 ECOLOGY OF MICROBIAL POPULATIONS This research was supported by National Science Foundation support to the Sevilleta Long-term Ecological Research Program at the E. T. Borer, Department of Zoology, Oregon State University of New Mexico (DEB 0620482). University III.6 TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP REGULATION OF Robert K. Colwell, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary COMMUNITIES Biology, University of Connecticut This work was completed as part of the Trophic Structure III.1 BIODIVERSITY: CONCEPTS, PATTERNS, AND Comparisons Working Group supported by the National Center for MEASUREMENT Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by NSF (Grant Molly S. Cross, Wildlife Conservation Society North America #DEB-0072909), the University of California at Santa Barbara, Program and the state of California. V.6 CONSERVATION AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Mark S. Boyce, Department of Biological Sciences, Peter Daszak, Consortium for Conservation Medicine University of Alberta VI.9 REGULATING SERVICES: A FOCUS ON DISEASE VII.3 WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT REGULATION Corey J. A. Bradshaw, Research Institute for Climate Change Diane M. Debinski, Department of Ecology, and Sustainability, University of Adelaide Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University V.1 CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF SPECIES EXTINCTIONS V.6 CONSERVATION AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Copyrighted Material x Contributors Robert F. Denno, late Professor of Entomology, Catherine Graham, Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Maryland Stony Brook University II.7 PREDATOR–PREY INTERACTIONS I.11 REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION Daniel F. Doak, Department of Zoology and Physiology, SYSTEMS University of Wyoming D. S. Gruner, Department of Entomology, University of V.2 POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS Maryland Martha Downs, Environmental Change Initiative, III.6 TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP REGULATION OF Brown University COMMUNITIES VI.6 GRASSLANDS This work was completed as part of the Trophic Structure Comparisons Working Group supported by the National Center for Laurie E. Drinkwater, Department of Horticulture, Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by NSF (Grant Cornell University #DEB-0072909), the University of California at Santa Barbara, and VI.4 HUMAN-DOMINATED SYSTEMS: AGROECOSYSTEMS the state of California. Ray Dybzinski, Department of Ecology, Evolution, Nick Haddad, Department of Zoology, and Behavior, University of Minnesota North Carolina State University II.5 COMPETITION AND COEXISTENCE IN PLANT V.3 PRINCIPLES OF RESERVE DESIGN COMMUNITIES Stephen P. Ellner, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Benjamin S. Halpern, National Center for Ecological Biology, Cornell University Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara II.1 AGE-STRUCTURED AND STAGE-STRUCTURED VI.7 MARINE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES POPULATION DYNAMICS J. J. Elser, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University Ilkka Hanski, Department of Ecology and Systematics, III.15 ECOLOGICAL STOICHIOMETRY University of Helsinki II.4 METAPOPULATIONS AND SPATIAL POPULATION Paul Falkowski, Department of Geological Sciences and PROCESSES Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University III.13 THE MARINE CARBON CYCLE Alan Hastings, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis Myra E. Finkelstein, Division of Physical and Biological II.3 BIOLOGICAL CHAOS AND COMPLEX DYNAMICS Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz V.2 POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS Andrew Hector, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Zurich Joern Fischer, Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University III.14 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING IV.2 LANDSCAPE PATTERN AND BIODIVERSITY Philip Hedrick, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State Jonathan A. Foley, Center for Sustainability and the Global University Environment and Department of Environmental Studies I.15 POPULATION GENETICS AND ECOLOGY and Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Nicole Heller, Department of Biology, Wisconsin–Madison Franklin & Marshall College VII.7 AGRICULTURE, LAND USE, AND THE III.18 RESPONSES OF COMMUNITIES AND ECOSYSTEMS TRANSFORMATION OF PLANET EARTH TO GLOBAL CHANGES Kevin J. Gaston, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Justin P. Henningsen, Biology Department, University of University of Sheffield Massachusetts I.12 GEOGRAPHIC RANGE I.4 FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY: MUSCLES, ELASTIC Rosemary Gillespie, Department of Environmental Science, MECHANISMS, AND ANIMAL PERFORMANCE Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley Ray Hilborn, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, I.19 ADAPTIVE RADIATION University of Washington H. Charles J. Godfray, Department of Zoology, University of VII.2 FISHERIES MANAGEMENT Oxford II POPULATION ECOLOGY Richard J. Hobbs, School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia Scott J. Goetz, Woods Hole Research Center IV.2 LANDSCAPE PATTERN AND BIODIVERSITY I.11 REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION V.7 RESTORATION ECOLOGY SYSTEMS Robert D. Holt, Department of Zoology, University of Indur M. Goklany, Office of Policy Analysis, U.S. Florida Department of the Interior III.3 PREDATION AND COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION VI.12 TECHNOLOGICAL SUBSTITUTION AND AUGMENTATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES R. A. Houghton, Woods Hole Research Center III.11 TERRESTRIAL CARBON AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL James R. Gosz, Biology Department, CYCLES University of New Mexico IV.5 BOUNDARY DYNAMICS IN LANDSCAPES Terry P. Hughes, Centre for Coral Reef Biodiversity, This research was supported by National Science Foundation support James Cook University to the Sevilleta Long-term Ecological Research Program at the IV.8 SEASCAPE PATTERNS AND DYNAMICS OF University of New Mexico (DEB 0620482). CORAL REEFS Copyrighted Material Contributors xi Duncan J. Irschick, Biology Department, Michel Loreau, Department of Biology, McGill University University of Massachusetts III COMMUNITIES AND ECOSYSTEMS I.4 FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY: MUSCLES, ELASTIC Jonathan B. Losos, Department of Organismic and MECHANISMS, AND ANIMAL PERFORMANCE Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Anthony R. Ives, Department of Zoology, I AUTECOLOGY University of Wisconsin–Madison II.2 DENSITY DEPENDENCE AND SINGLE-SPECIES John A. Ludwig, CSIRO Tropical Research Center IV.1 LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS POPULATION DYNAMICS Jeremy B. C. Jackson, Smithsonian Tropical Research Pablo A. Marquet, Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology Institute and Biodiversity and Ecology Department, Catholic V.5 MARINE CONSERVATION University of Chile III.16 MACROECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON Peter Kareiva, The Nature Conservancy COMMUNITIES AND ECOSYSTEMS VI.10 SUPPORT SERVICES: A FOCUS ON GENETIC DIVERSITY Pamela A. Matson, School of Earth Sciences, David M. Karl, Center for Microbial Oceanography: Stanford University Research and Education, and Department of Oceanography, III.10 NUTRIENT CYCLING AND BIOGEOCHEMISTRY