Appendix 1: Form for Observers’ Notes at Focus Groups FOCUS GROUP DATA CAPTURE PRO-FORMA Study Title: Date: Moderator Name: Pro-forma Completed by: Group Detail: No. Participants: Start Time: End Time: Participant Demographics: enter column headings as appropriate Gender/Age Job Participants’ Positions: Draw diagram of table and note participant seating positions. 237 238 APPENDIX 1 Discussion Question 1 Data/Quotes/Observations (Note down relevant quotes and enter time in right hand Time column) Discussion Question 2 Data/Quote/Observations (Note down relevant quotes and enter time in right hand Time column) Discussion Question 3 Data/Quotes/Observations (Note down relevant quotes and enter time in right hand Time column) Additional Comments and Reflections Consider comments on strongest individual opinion and group dynamics. Appendix 2: Field Notes Form for Ethnographic Market Research (See Chapter 4) Field Notes made by……………. Research Project: Case: # Location / Date: Actors: Field Observations: • • • • • • • • • Initial Reflections • • • Remember! • Notes should cover: space; actor(s); activities; object(s) and physical traces; events; time sequences; goals; feelings; and explanatory variables. 239 240 Date: Purpose: Interviewee: Tape: Interviewer: Start: Finish: Order of personal elements: 5; 1; 6; 4; 3; 2 Stars in grid indicate the triads CONSTRUCTS Elements Elements Elements Elements Elements Elements POLE (See Chapter6) Grid forSixElements Appendix 3:Repertory 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 *** 2 *** 3 *** 4 *** 5 ** * 6 *** 7 ** * 8 ** * 9 *** 10 *** 11 *** 12 *** Date: Purpose: Interviewee: Interviewer: Start: Finish: Order of personal elements: 5; 1; 8; 6; 9; 10; 4; 7; 3; 2 Stars indicate the triads CONSTRUCTS Element Element Element Element Element Element Element Element Element Element POLES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (See Chapter6) Grid forTenElements Appendix 4:Repertory 1 *** 2 *** 3 ** 4 ** * 5 ** * 6 ** * 7 ** * 8 *** 9 ** * 10 *** 11 241 12 REFERENCES AND NOTES 1 INTRODUCTION TO CUSTOMERS’ HIDDEN NEEDS 1. Gill, G. K., “Sony Corporation: Workstation Division,” Harvard Business School, Case Study 9–690-031 (1989) (quote on p. 1). 2. Balachandra, R. and Friar, J. H., “Factors for Success in R&D Projects and New Product Innovation: A Contextual Framework,” IEEE Trans. on Engineering Management, Vol. 44, No. 3, August 1997, pp. 276–287. 3. Cooper, R. G. and Kleinschmidt, E. J., “Major New Products: What Distinguishes the Winners in the Chemical Industry?” Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 10, No. 2, March 1993, pp. 90–111. 4. Ohno, T., Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-scale Production. New York: Productivity Press, 1995. 5. Cooper, R. G., Product Leadership: Creating and Launching Superior New Products. Reading, MA: Perseus Books, 1998. 6. Kärkkainen, H., Piippo, P., Puumalainen, K. and Tuominen, M., “Assessment of Hidden and Future Customer Needs in Finnish Business-to-Business Companies,” R&D Management, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2001, pp. 391–407. 7. Jordan, M. and Karp, J., “Whirlpool Launches Affordable Washer in Brazil and China,” The Wall Street Journal Europe, Tuesday, December 9, 2003, p. A8. 8. Rust, R. T., Thompson, D. V. and Hamilton, R. W. “Defeating Feature Fatigue,” Harvard Business Review, Vol. 84, No. 2, February 2006, pp. 98–107. 9. Green, P. E., Tull, D. S. and Albaum, G., Research for Marketing Decisions. London: Prentice-Hall International, 1988. 10. Ulwick, A. W., “Turn Customer Input into Innovation,” Harvard Business Review, Vol. 80, No. 1, January 2002, pp. 91–97 (quote on p. 91). 11. Sorensen, J., “The Eye on the Shelf: Point-of-Purchase Research,” Marketing News, Vol. 33, No. 1, January 4, 1999, p. 4. 12. Ibid. 13. Sandberg, K. D., “Focus on the Benefi ts,” Harvard Management Communication Newsletter, Vol. 5, No. 4, 2002, pp. 3–4. 14. Magnusson, P. R., Matthing, J. and Kristensson, P., “Managing Service Involvement in Service Innovation: Experiments with Innovating End Users,” Journal of Service Research, Vol. 6, No. 2, November 2003, pp. 111–124. 15. Deszca, G., Munro, H. and Noori, H., “Developing Breakthrough Products: Challenges and Options for Market Assessment,” Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 17, No. 6, 1999, p. 613. 16. Ulrich, K. T. and Eppinger, S. D., Product Design and Development. 2nd edition. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 2000. 17. Huston, L. and Sakkab, N., “Connect and Develop: Inside Proctor and Gamble’s New Model for Innovation,” Harvard Business Review, Vol. 84, No. 3, March 2006, p. 62. 242 REFERENCES AND NOTES 243 18. Kano, N., Saraku, N., Takahashi, F. and Tsuji, S., “Attractive Quality and Must-be Quality.” In Hromi, J. D. (ed.) The Best on Quality, Vol. 7, Ch. 10, Milwaukee: ASQC, 1996, pp. 165–186. 19. Matzler, K. and Hinterhuber, H., “How to Make Product Development Projects More Successful by Integrating Kano’s Model of Customer Satisfaction into Quality Function Deployment,” Technovation Vol. 18, No. 1, 1998, pp. 25–38. 20. Fellman, M. W., “Breaking Tradition,” Marketing Research, Vol. 11, No. 3, Fall 1999, pp. 20–24. 21. Based on discussions with Chris Towns of Clarks and: Towns, C. and Humphries, D., “Breaking New Ground in Customer Behavioural Research: Experience from Clarks/PDD,” Product Development Management Association UK & Ireland Conference, London, November, 2001. 22. Rosier, B., “From the Dreams of Children to the Future of Technology,” The Independent on Sunday (UK), July 15, 2001, p. 8. 23. Macht, J. D., “The New Market Research,” Inc. Magazine, Vol. 20, No. 10, July 1998, pp. 86–94. 24. Case based on company documentation, an interview, and personal correspondence with Cobra managers in May 2004 and January 2009. 25. Useful guidelines on market research ethics include—Market Research Society (see http://www. mrs.org.uk/standards/codeconduct)—American Marketing Association (see http://www.mar- ketingpower.com/)—The British Psychological Society (see http://www.bps.org.uk/the-society/ code-of-conduct/). 26. Squires, S. and Byrne, B. (eds.) Creating Breakthrough Ideas: The Collaboration of Anthropologists and Designers in the Product Development Industry. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 2002. 27. Meyer, C. and Ruggles, R., “Search Parties,” Harvard Business Review, Vol. 80, No. 8, August 2002, pp. 14–15 (quote on p. 14). 28. Fellman, 1999, pp. 20–24. 29. Goffi n, K. and Szwejczewski, M., “Keep a Close Eye on the Market,” Management Focus (Cranfi eld School of Management), Autumn 2009, pp. 17–19. 30. For details of these approaches see Goffi n, K. and Mitchell, R., Innovation Management: Strategy and Implementation Using the Pentathlon Framework. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Academic Publishers, 2nd edition. March 2010. 31. Venkatesh, A., “The Home of the Future: An Ethnographic Study of New Information Technologies in the Home,” Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. XXVIII, 2001, pp. 88–96. 32. Christensen, C.M., Cook, S. and Hall, T. “Marketing Malpractice: The Cause and the Cure,” Harvard Business Review, Vol. 83, No. 12, December 2005, pp. 74–83. 2 SURVEYS AND INTERVIEWS 1. Neuman, W. L., Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. 3rd edition. London: Allyn and Bacon, 1997, p. 31. 2. The Holy Bible, Holy Bible, Giant Print Deluxe Edition: King James Version. USA, The National Publishing Company, 1997, pp. 1085–1086, St. Luke 2: 4–5. 3. Booth, C. (ed.) Labour and Life of the People of London, 17 volumes. London: Macmillan, 1889–1902. 4. For example, India is currently embarking on the world’s biggest census, which aims to collect data, fi ngerprints and photographs from everyone in its 1.2 billion population: Burke, J., “India Begins Mega-census,” Guardian Weekly, Vol. 182, No. 17, 2010, p. 10. 5. Squire, P., “Why the 1936 Literary Digest Poll Failed,” Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 52, 1988, pp. 125–133. 6. Chicago Daily Tribune, “Dewey Defeats Truman,” November 3, 1948, p. 1. 7. Moser, C. A. and Kalton, G., Survey Methods in Social Investigation. 2nd edition. London: Gower, 1971. 8. Robson, S., “Group Discussions.” In Birn, R. J. (ed.) The Handbook of International Market Research Techniques. London: Kogan Page, 2000, pp. 297–316. 9. Lilienfeld, S. O., Wood, J. M. and Garb, H. N., “The Scientifi c Status of Projective Techniques,” Psychological Science in the Public Interest, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2000, pp. 27–66. 10. Catterall, M. and Ibbotson, P., “Using Projective Techniques in Education Research,” British Education Research Journal, Vol. 26, No. 2, 2000, pp. 245–256. 244 REFERENCES AND NOTES 11. Fram, E. H. and Cibotti, E., “The Shopping List Studies and Projective Techniques: A 40 Year View,” Marketing Research, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1991, pp. 14–22. 12. Haire, M., “Projective Techniques in Marketing Research,” Journal of Marketing, Vol. 14, No. 5, 1950, pp. 15–33. 13. Will, V., Eadie, D. and MacAskill, S., “Projective and Enabling Techniques Explored,” Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol. 14, No. 6, 1996, pp. 38–43. 14. Catchings-Castello, G., “The ZMET Alternative,” Marketing Research, Vol. 12 No. 2, 2000, pp. 6–12. 15. Zaltman, G. “Metaphorically Speaking,” Marketing Research, Summer 1996, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 13–20. 16. Ibid., pp. 13–20. 17. U.S. Patent Number 54536830 registered in 1995. 18. Tom Brailsford quoted in: Eakin, Emily (2002) “Penetrating the Mind by Metaphor,” The New York Times, February 23. 19. Kerlinger, F. N., Foundations of Behavioral Research. 3rd edition. London: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1992, p. 443. 20. Campbell, D. T., “The Informant in Quantitative Research,” The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 60, No. 4, 1955, pp. 339–342. John, G. and Reve, T., “The Reliability and Validity of Key Informant Data from Dyadic Relationships in Marketing Channels,” Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. XIX, No. 4, 1982, pp. 517–524. 21. Janis, I. L., Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. 2nd edition. Boston: Houghton Miffl in, 1982. 22. Oppenheim, A. N., Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude Measurement. New edition. London: Printer Publishers, 1992, pp.
Details
-
File Typepdf
-
Upload Time-
-
Content LanguagesEnglish
-
Upload UserAnonymous/Not logged-in
-
File Pages25 Page
-
File Size-