THE SPLENDID BOOK OF ENGINEERING THE B OOK O F THE SH IP . M BRITISH LOCO OTIVES. B ROMANCE O F THE SU MARI NE . ’ P AND a THE WORLD S AERO LANES msm ps . noanms FOR BOYS. OF TRIUM PHS AND WONDERS MODERN ENGINEER ING . R ISH RAI LWAYS THE M C OF m m C B IT , RO AN E A HIEVEMENT . o I THE ROMANCE r E! PLORAT ON . BB I S AND SPOR B PASTIMES, HO E TS FO R OYS. A FROM P OST B OY 10 IR m m . THE SPLENDID B OOK or AEROPLANES. EN GINEER IN G . wusm ps sn . OCOM OT E L IV S . ’ BOYS I ND O O R GAMES AND m m zs . THE SPL ENDID BO O K O F ENGINEER ING BY G . GIBBARD JACKSON - “ TO-o L ONDON S M SON L W M O RSTON CO . LTD . A P , A , C O N TEN T S P A G E FAMOUS BRIDGES LIGHTING LONDON A LOCOMOTI VE THAT FEEDS ITSELF TUNNELS AN D THEIR MAKIN G BY ROAD AND RAIL FLOATING D ocxs SOME TUNNELLING FEATS THE EVOLUTION OF THE TELE PHONES THE SPEED BOAT THE RIVER TRAINS SPEED AN D THE ENGINEER THE MARVELLOUS TELEPRINTER THE WELLAND CANAL THE RAILPLAN E THE HUMAN SALAMANDERS THE ROMAN CE O F THE BARRAGE A CHALLEN GER O F THE STEAM LO COMOTIVE VI Contents PA GE ! VIII THE M R E S TE E . A V LLOU L WR ITER ! I! . THE ROMAN CE OF THE PANAMA CANAL THE DEVELOPMEN T O F THE STATIONARY EN GIN E ! ! I How TH E EN N EER E S TH E . GI H LP R A ILWAY SNA P PING TH E MAILS THE ROMAN CE OF THE Box THE WONDERFUL FATHOMETER ILLU STRATIONS FACE PAGE NEWCASTLE BRIDGE GATESHEAD ARCH QUEB EC BRIDGE SEVERN TUNNEL WELSH RA CE , ENT N CONSTRUCTING THE METROPOLITAN RAILWAY . A SMALL PROVINCIAL TELEPHONE E! CHANGE A TELEPHONE CALL Box RACING MOTOR BOATS AT FULL SPEED O NE 01? THE LATEST TYPES OF SPEED BOAT M " R S. AU A . M RET NIA Ta n Euc mns or M V BR A C . IT NNI DIESEL ENGINE A MARINE TYPE OIL ENGINE THE GA LLARD CUT PA AMA A AL I , N C N THE R S OBAL ERM AL Docxs P NAM A AL . C I T T IN , A A C N A Locomon vn CRANE c xm c UP THE MAILS THE SPLEN DID BO O K O F EN GIN EER ING FAMOUS BRIDGES THE completion of the great bridge over Sydney Harbour m arks the end of one of the greatest engineering ventures of the r d present centu y . The authorities woul not agree to a bridge with less than a single span as it was desired to preserve that wonderful entrance to one of the finest h b d ar ours in the worl . The contract for the bridge was secured f O m firm Sc C . by the a ous of Dorman , Long , s of Middle borough , in the face of stern competition . The total cost of the bridge and its approach roads is not less than The total length of the main 9 1 0 Book of Engineering bridge is feet , and no less than tons of steel have been employed in the main structure . The two halves were built slowly out wards from either side and for six years they were growing—either in the form of i de steel plates and g r rs in the making , or ced 1 0 in being pla in position , until , in 93 , the connecting link was made in an arch which had a span of feet . The arch i e 10 r s s to a height of 4 feet , and there is 1 0 always a headway of 7 feet at high water , and considerably more at low tide , thus the biggest steam ship can enter without waiting f outside for the tide to all . The bridge carries four lines of standard i gauge ra lway , a roadway 57 feet wide , 10 with two footways each feet wide . It is estimated that the m axim um capacity of i 1 68 the bridge w ll be electric trains , hi ve cles , and foot passengers an — fi ures hour remarkable g these . The bridge tr 1 is due to be opened for affi c in 93 2 . The Romans probably built the first bridge across the Tyne something like eighteen Famous Bridges 1 1 hundred years ago . We do not quite know how they bridged the river , but from details of other similar structures of the Romans , u s which have come down to , it is shown that they usually drove piles into the river bed on which stone piers were built , and then a timber bridge was thrown across from pier to pier . For hundreds of years there was a bridge it with houses upon , but this became unsafe , and a nine - arch bridge was constructed in 1 8 1 ff 7 ; this , however , so seriously a ected the traffi c up and down the river that it was superseded by a swing bridge . In the ’forties Robert Stephenson had to bridge the Tyne at Newcastle in order to it carry the railway across . It was decided to have a high- level bridge with rail and road facilities . This gave Stephenson a great deal of trouble as there was difficulty in securing good foundations for such a huge structure . The traffic is so great across the Tyne that another bridge was needed , and the - present single span bridge was decided upon , 1 2 Book of Engineering 8: CO . Dorman , Long , the celebrated bridge builders of Middlesborough , being awarded the contract . The most interesting feature of the New castle bridge is the fact that it produces , in miniature , the wonderful structure which Co 85 . Dorman , Long have so successfully thrown across the huge harbour at Sydney . The Tyne bridge is almost exactly a third the span of the Sydney structure The t wo former provides lines for trams , four for vehicular traffic besides two footways of considerable width . The m agnificent single - span arch is approached by spans on either side of the 1 river which total 7 9 feet , the actual arch 1 of the bridge being 53 feet , and is , there fore , easily the largest arch in this country . The greatest height of the arch is 1 70 feet and the roadway is rather more than half that height above the river level at high tide . The steelwork of the structure weighs about tons , approximately half of it going into the arch and the roadway which Fam ous B ridges 1 3 it supports . Rarely has such a safe bridge as this been built . Too often in the past the engineers considered the ' loads then current and paid no attention to those likely in the future . Here the designers looked ahead indeed and if 100 tons can be safely placed on four wheels that magni ficent i it bridge w ll take . In order to balance the arch there are two very handsome granite abutment towers . Here the skill of the steel worker is con cealed , but it is there nevertheless , for the towers are really of steel , cased in with granite , to give a handsome appearance , and to provide the weight necessary to counterpoise that enormous thrust of the single arch . The towers cover a good deal of floor space , and in addition to providing means for passengers ascending from the quays to the bridge , they are adapted for use for warehousing goods . As in most of these structures , the work went on from both sides of the river , the men building outwards at what seemed a d dizzy height to the people below . Gra ually 1 4 Book of Engineering other unti1 the two arms approached each . they could be joined . One of the greatest bridges erected in recent years is that which spans the harbour of Montreal . Four million pounds has been spent on the bridge . The biggest liners can pass under it quite easily , whilst its floor accommodates four lines of vehicular lh k tra e , provides side wal s for foot pas sen ers g , and two tramway tracks are also arranged on the outside of the central vehicular road . Two main piers carry the principal span , which is no less than 1 62 feet , with a height of feet above water level at the highest point of the tide . This portion is a cantilever structure with two 0- 42 feet anchor arms . Thirteen steel towers and two masonry piers carry the rest of the bridge . There are many steel spans over St that portion of the . Lawrence which is shallow and not used for t raffic ; these 0 vary from 9 to 245 feet in length . The Montreal Harbour Bridge is one ’ of the world s greatest , whether considered from the point of view of importance or Famous B ridges 1 5 a length ; it forms a most v luable link , yet , like our own Charing Cross Bridge , it has been the subject of much debate and delay F in building . rom end to end the bridge two is quite miles , and it brings the growing district south of the city into di rect touch it with . Some thousands of tons of silicon and carbon steel have been incorporated in what is a splendid monument to both the designer and the builders .