INDEX ʿAbd al-Qadir ibn Habib (sufi scholar), 99 al-Aqsa mosque, 25, 27–30, 32, 34, 36, 39 ʿAbd al-Ra⁠ʾūf (sheikh), 56–7, 59 Arab provinces, of the Ottoman Empire, 7, Abdals of Rum (sufi group), 95 94, 103, 114, 221 Abdülaziz (sultan), 146n48 Arabs (Arabes), 46, 55–7, 59, 64, 66, 68–9, Abdülhamid II (sultan), 222–3, 225–6; 72–4, 76–9, 81–5, 86n121, 95, 99–101, 108, philanthropy, 237. See also Hamidian 110–1, 11; Arab tribes, 66, 73, 81–2; writers regime 55, 99. See also awlad al-ʿArab acculturation (of Jews in the Ottoman Arabic (language), 1–2, 17, 19, 46, 93, 95, 97, Empire), 182, 187, 197 99, 101, 104, 106, 110–1, 114, 127, 186, 189, Acre (ʻAkka, ʻAkko), 32–8, 40–1, 44–5, 49, 215, 219, 225 52, 54 ‘Arce (in Iraq), 82 Aden (Gulf ), 207 Argieh, 82n102 Africa, 9, 11, 39, 55, 177, 206–8, 225–6 Al-ʿArish, 50, 52 Africans, 203, 207–8, 211, 213–6, African Arlosoroff, Chaim, 59 ethnicity, 204, African female lodges, Armenians, 178; Armenian language, 208; 211, 213–215; domestic African markets, Armenian written sources, 185n12; 207–8; African modes of healing, 211, Armenian workers, 36–7, 41 214–215; African-Ottoman syncretism, Arwam (a nickname for Turks), 95, 99. 215; African slaves, 203, 207–208, See also Turks 211–216; African trading patterns of Arz odası (Audience Chamber), 21 slaves, 208, 216; “African wedding” Asaf (vizier of King Solomon), 17 events, 211; African women (in Bulgaria), Ascalon, 33 211, 213–215; freed African slaves, 214. aşçı dede (head cook), 234 See also North Africa al-ʿAsqalani, Ibn Hajar (chronicler), 97 agricultural enslavement, 202–3, 206–7, Asquith, Herbert Henry (British Prime 215–6 Minister), 11 ‘agunah (halachic term), 159 aşure (pudding), 234–5 Ahmadiyya (sufi order), 103 Atik Valide, imaret of, 228, 231 Ahmed I (sultan), 141–3, 145 Austria, 11, 48. See also Hapsburgs Ahmed II (sultan), 132, 141, 145 avarız-i divaniyye (tax), 132–4, 146 Ajiman, family, 175 awlad al-ʿArab (Arabs), 104. See also Arabs Alamanoğlu (pl. Alamanoğulları, Ottoman aʿyan (notables), 106 Ashkenazi family), 131, 142–4, 146 Ayvansarayi, Hafiz Hüseyin bin Ismail Albanie (Albania), 87n122; Albanians, 208 (Ottoman author), 225 Alep (Aleppo), 49, 72–4, 93, 94n2, 99, 106, A‘zaz, 75 177, 252, 254 al-Azhar (madrasa), 103–5, 109 Algeria, 58, 207 ʿAli Efendi Karabash (sufi scholar), 109 Bab al-Futuh (Cairo), 103 ʿAli, Raphael (Rabbi), 164 Bab al-Maghariba, sabil of (Jerusalem), 42 Allemano, Yohanan (Rabbi), 20 Bab al-Silsilah (Jerusalem), 42 ʿAnata, 31, 42 Bab-i Saʿadet (Istanbul), 22–3 Anatolia, 2, 66n8, 95, 98, 111, 181, 216, 221, Bab-i Selam (Istanbul), 20 225 Badawiyah (Arab Sufi movement), 95 ‘Anav, Eliyah (Rabbi), 156 Baghdad, 66–75, 77–8, 81–2, 84, 86, 88–9, ʿAnavi, Hayyim, 155 90n136, 175 Der Annayaschleier (journal), 58–9 baklava (name of a pastry), 231, 235 al-Ansari, Zakariyya (Shafiʻi jurist), 97 al-Bakri al-Siddiqi, Muhammad ibn Abi anti-Zionism, 56 l-Surur (chronicler), 102–3 258 index al-Bakri, Mustafa b. Kamal al-Din (sufi Cairo Genizah, 2, 188, 191 shaykh), 109 Canpulad Bey, 75, 78–81 Balat (neighborhood in Istanbul), 156, 175 Capitulations (agreements of), 145n45, 147 Balkans, 2, 180–1, 202, 208, 221. See also: Carmona, Çelebi Bekhor, 155 Roumélie Carmona, family, 175 Barbaros, Hayreddin Pasha, 223 celeb akçesi (tax), 133 Bâyât, 8n96 Çelebi, Fethullah Arif (Ottoman poet), 15 Bayezid II, imaret of, 228, 231 cerahor akçesi (tax), 133 bedel-i iştirâ (tax), 134 Cezâ’ir (Mesopotamia), 65n5, 66–74, bedel-i murakaba (tax), 133 76–84, 91 Bedouins, 29, 46n5, 52–3, 57, 82; Bedouin Chatt el-arab, 66 ff. 9, 86n121 tribes (of Judean desert), 5 Chester Beatty (Library), 19, 21 Beirut, 34–5, 44, 124 Chief Rabbi (Istanbul), 156n27, 175 beit din (Jewish Religious court of law), childhood, 113–4, 116, 122, 126–8 151, 156 children, 52–3, 113–128, 151, 163, 165, 173, Bektaşi (sufi order), 95–6, 102, 106, 110, 234 189, 196, 217 Belgrade, 138 Chio, 131n2 Beni ‘Ulîyân (tribe), 64, 67–8, 71, 74–5, 78, Christians, 1, 4, 6, 37, 41, 44, 178, 183, 191, 83 195 Benvenisti, Yehuda, 155 Circassia, 204 berat (nomination deed), 65, 133, 141, 229 Circassians, 203, 208, 215 Beregi, Oscar, 58 civil society (Ottoman Empire), 5 Berlin, 55, 58–9 Çivizâde (mufti of Istanbul), 99 Berlin, University, of 55 cizye (tax), 134, 146 Beşiktas (neighborhood in Istanbul), Cohen, Amnon, 1–7, 45, 63, 183, 193, 201n1 222–5, 226n12, 228, 235–7 Community (Jewish): Ashkenazi, 131, 153, Bethlehem, 29, 41 171, 178; In Buda, 132, 134–140, 142–144; Beyazid II (Sultan), 19, 103 In Istanbul, 149, 155, 172–3, 175; Bible, 19, 57, 187 Sephardic, 153, 170, 252; Romaniot, 153, 170 Bible of the Duke of Alba, 19 concubines, 202 Bilecik, 82 Constantinople, siege of (1453), 144 Birecik, 69, 70n36, 72, 75, 78 Cornélius Haga (Dutch ambassador to the Birgili, (or Birgevi) Mehmed (Ottoman Ottoman Empire), 142 preacher), 105 Crimean War (1853–6), 10–1 Bitran, Yehoshuʿa Misha⁠ʾel (Rabbi), 164 Cyprus, 47, 202, 210–2 Black Sea, 204, 211, 216 Bosnie (Bosnia), 87n122 Dablan, Amin (translator), 55 Bosphorus, 223–4 Dahir al-ʿUmar (Ottoman governor), 2 Britain, 10–1 Damascus (Damas), 49, 71n39, 7393, 94n2, British Administration (in Palestine), 56 97–9, 101, 103, 106–8, 110, 116, 177, 188 Buda, 131n1, 132, 134–142, 143n41, 144; Jews Danon, Yisrael, 166 132, 134–140, 142–144. See also Bude, Danube (Danuba), 82, 138, 177, 231 Budapest d’Anville, map of, 68n20 Budapest, 55, 58. See also Buda, Bude, Pest David (King), 22 Bude, 89, 136, 139n29, 247. See also Buda, dayyan (Jewish rabbinical judge), 156 Budapest decline paradigm, 201, 217n 29 Bukhara, 101 Demirdashi (sufi order), 103 Bulgaria (Bulgarie), 46n3, 87n122, 208, 211, Dervîş ‘Alî Beg, 63–5. 74–5, 88–9 215, 251 dhikr (jahri) (sufi ritual), 100, 105 Burhaniyya (sufi order), 103 dhikr (khafi) (sufi ritual), 100, 105 Bursa, 155, 173–4, 189, 210, 212 dhimmis, 178, 183, 191. See also: zimmis, non-Muslims Caʿfer (governor of Zernük), 84 Divan (sultanic council), 24, 84, 89n131, 134 Cairo, 2, 45, 52–3, 55, 93, 94n2, 97, 103–4, Diyarbekir, 67–8, 71–5 106, 108–110, 126, 177, 188, 229 Dolmabahçe Palace (Istanbul), 223.