Algal Flora of Korea Volume 4, Number 2 Rhodophyta: Florideophyceae: Nemaliophycidae: Acrochaetiales, Colaconematales, Palmariales, Nemaliales Nemalian Red Algae Flora and Fauna of Korea National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment Russia CB Chungcheongbuk-do CN Chungcheongnam-do HB GB Gyeongsangbuk-do China GG Gyeonggi-do YG GN Gyeongsangnam-do GW Gangwon-do HB Hamgyeongbuk-do JG HN Hamgyeongnam-do HWB Hwanghaebuk-do HN HWN Hwanghaenam-do PB JB Jeollabuk-do JG Jagang-do JJ Jeju-do JN Jeollanam-do PN PB Pyeonganbuk-do PN Pyeongannam-do YG Yanggang-do HWB HWN GW East Sea GG GB (Ulleung-do) Yellow Sea CB CN GB JB GN JN JJ South Sea Algal Flora of Korea Volume 4, Number 2 Rhodophyta: Florideophyceae: Nemaliophycidae: Acrochaetiales, Colaconematales, Palmariales, Nemaliales Nemalian Red Algae 2011 National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment Algal Flora of Korea Volume 4, Number 2 Rhodophyta: Florideophyceae: Nemaliophycidae: Acrochaetiales, Colaconematales, Palmariales, Nemaliales Nemalian Red Algae Il-Ki Hwang and Hyung-Seop Kim1 National Fisheries Research and Development Institute 1Gangneung-Wonju National University Copyright ⓒ 2011 by the National Institute of Biological Resources Published by the National Institute of Biological Resources Environmental Research Complex, Gyeongseo-dong, Seo-gu Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea www.nibr.go.kr All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the National Institute of Biological Resources. ISBN : 9788994555621-96470 Government Publications Registration Number 11-1480592-000163-01 Printed by Junghaengsa, Inc. in Korea on acid-free paper Publisher : Chong-chun Kim Project Staff : Hong-Yul Seo, Ye Eun, Joo-Lae Cho Published on February 28, 2011 The Flora and Fauna of Korea logo was designed to represent six major target groups of the project including vertebrates, invertebrates, insects, algae, fungi, and bacteria. The book cover and the logo were designed by Jee-Yeon Koo. Preface Biological resources are important elements encompassing organisms, genetic resources, and parts of organisms which provide potential values essential for human lives. The creation of high-valued products such as new varieties of organisms, new substances, and the development of new drugs by harnessing biological resources is now widely perceived to be one of the major indices of national competitiveness. In the wake of the “Convention of Biological Diversity”, which was adopted in 1992 in recognition of national sovereignty over indigenous biological and genetic resources, all the countries of the world are now concerting their efforts on the discovery of original materials for the bio-industry, initiating international competition in the 21st century. Competition among countries for biological resources is now entering an intense phase following the adoption of the ABS (Access to genetic resources and Benefit-Sharing) international regime in Nagoya in 2010. For this reason, the National Institute of Biological Resources of the Korean Ministry of Environment recognizes the preservation and management of the biological resources in Korea for the bio-industry as a first priority project for the future, and has begun publication of Flora and Fauna of Korea for the systematic preservation and efficient management of our biological resources. Korea has been acclaimed as a country with a high level of biological diversity, the total number of described species in Korea to date being about 37,000. Beginning in 2006, the National Institute of Biological Resources embarked on the publication of Flora and Fauna of Korea which, containing comprehensive and diverse information on our invaluable native species, has become the standard textbook of native species. The systematic survey of diverse taxa in all parts of Korea led by a group of professionals in the field of taxonomy over the past four years has finally come to fruition and culminated in the appearance of 16 monographs in the 2010 volumes of Flora and Fauna of Korea encompassing 1,037 species in 158 families belonging to 9 phyla, along with further volumes of Flora and Fauna of Korea encompassing 1,163 species in 112 families belonging to 7 phyla due to appear this year. This is the first volume of Flora and Fauna of Korea in which a taxon of organisms of the Korean Peninsula is extensively treated at the level of species. Flora and Fauna of Korea will contribute to raising the standard of Korean taxonomy and improve pride in the management of our biological resources through enhanced understanding of the true nature of our native species. In addition, I am confident that the ongoing publication of Flora and Fauna of Korea will significantly contribute to paving the way for sustainable, wise use of biological resources. I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to Dr. Il-Ki Hwang, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute and Professor Hyung-Seop Kim, Gangneung-Wonju National University, who are responsible for writing this publication of Flora and Fauna of Korea. This series will play a pivotal role in the census of native Korean species, which are estimated to number 100,000. By promoting innovative and taxonomic research for the identification of the totality of native Korean species and by continuously publishing such results in Flora and Fauna of Korea, I sincerely hope that a valuable foundation will be laid for the sustainable use of our national biological resources through the exten- sive research, development and for their profitable use by a prosperous bio-industry in the creation of high-valued products such as natural products, medicines, cosmetics and essential supplements in our country. Chong-chun Kim, Ph. D. President NIBR 1 Contents List of Taxa 2 Introduction 4 Materials and Methods 7 Taxonomic Notes 9 1. Acrochaetium canariense Børgesen 12 2. Acrochaetium catenulatum Howe 13 3. Acrochaetium densum (Drew) Papenfuss 15 4. Acrochaetium inkyui Lee 17 5. Acrochaetium microscopicum (Nägeli ex Kützing) Nägeli 19 6. Acrochaetium sancti-thomae Børgesen 22 7. Acrochaetium scapae (Lyle) Papenfuss 24 8. Acrochaetium secundatum (Lyngbye) Nägeli in Nägeli et Cramer 25 9. Acrochaetium terminale (Nakamura) Lee 28 10. Acrochaetium virgatulum (Harvey) Batters 30 11. Rhodochorton purpureum (Lightfoot) Rosenvinge 33 12. Colaconema bispora (Børgesen) Hwang et Kim, comb. nov. 37 13. Colaconema codicola (Børgesen) Stegenga, Bolton et Anderson 39 14. Colaconema codii (Crouan et Crouan) Hwang et Kim, comb. nov. 42 15. Colaconema compta (Børgesen) Hwang et Kim, comb. nov. 44 16. Colaconema daviesii (Dillwyn) Stegenga 47 17. Colaconema dictyotae (Collins) Hwang et Kim, comb. nov. 51 18. Colaconema elegans (Drew) Hwang et Kim, comb. nov. 54 19. Colaconema hyalosiphoniae (Nakamura) Hwang et Kim, comb. nov. 56 20. Colaconema infestans (Howe et Hoyt) Woelkerling 58 21. Colaconema pacificum (Kylin) Woelkerling 61 22. Colaconema thuretii (Bornet) Gabrielson in Gabrielson, Widdowson, Lindstrom, Hawkes et Scagel 64 23. Rhodonematella subimmersa (Setchell et Gardner) Clayden et Saunders 69 24. Actinotrichia fragilis (Forsskål) Børgesen 74 25. Dichotomaria apiculata (Kjellman) Kurihara et Masuda 76 26. Dichotomaria falcata (Kjellman) Kurihara et Masuda 79 27. Galaxaura rugosa (J. Ellis et Solander) J.V. Lamouroux 83 28. Tricleocarpa cylindrica (J. Ellis et Solander) Husiman et Borowitzka 84 29. Helminthocladia australis Harvey 88 30. Nemalion vermiculare Suringar 91 Literature Cited 94 Index to Korean Names 105 Index to Korean Names as Pronounced 106 Index to Scientific Names 108 2 List of Taxa Subclass Nemaliophycidae Christensen 1978 Order Acrochaetiales Feldmann emend. Harper et Saunders 2002 Family Acrochaetiaceae Fritsch emend. Harper et Saunders 2002 Genus Acrochaetium Nägeli enmed. Harper et Saunders 2002 Acrochaetium canariense Børgesen 1927 Acrochaetium catenulatum Howe 1914 Acrochaetium densum (Drew) Papenfuss 1945 Acrochaetium inkyui Lee 1987 Acrochaetium microscopicum (Nägeli ex Kützing) Nägeli 1861 Acrochaetium sancti-thomae Børgesen 1915 Acrochaetium scapae (Lyle) Papenfuss 1945 Acrochaetium secundatum (Lyngbye) Nägeli in Nägeli et Cramer 1858 Acrochaetium terminale (Nakamura) Lee 1987 Acrochaetium virgatulum (Harvey) Batters 1902 Genus Rhodochorton Nägeli emend. Harper et Saunders 2002 Rhodochorton purpureum (Lightfoot) Rosenvinge 1900 Order Colaconematales Harper et Saunders 2002 Family Colaconemataceae Harper et Saunders 2002 Genus Colaconema Batters enmend. Harper et Saunders 2002 Colaconema bispora (Børgesen) Hwang et Kim, comb. nov. Colaconema codicola (Børgesen) Stegenga, Bolton et Anderson 1997 Colaconema codii (Crouan et Crouan) Hwang et Kim, comb. nov. Colaconema compta (Børgesen) Hwang et Kim, comb. nov. Colaconema daviesii (Dillwyn) Stegenga 1985 Colaconema dictyotae (Collins) Hwang et Kim, comb. nov. Colaconema elegans (Drew) Hwang et Kim, comb. nov. Colaconema hyalosiphoniae (Nakamura) Hwang et Kim, comb. nov. Colaconema infestans (Howe et Hoyt) Woelkerling 1973 Colaconema pacificum (Kylin) Woelkerling 1971 Colaconema thuretii (Bornet) Gabrielson in Gabrielson, Widdowson, Lindstrom, Hawkes et Scagel 2000 Order Palmariales Guiry et Irvine in Guiry 1978 Famliy Rhodophysemataceae Saunders et McLachlan 1989 Genus Rhodonematella Clayden