Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2010 Palaeobiogeography and stratigraphy of advanced Gnathostomian fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) in the Early Triassic and from selected Anisian localities (report 1863-2009): Literaturbericht Brinkmann, W ; Romano, C ; Bucher, H ; Ware, D ; Jenks, J Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-34071 Journal Article Originally published at: Brinkmann, W; Romano, C; Bucher, H; Ware, D; Jenks, J (2010). Palaeobiogeography and stratigraphy of advanced Gnathostomian fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) in the Early Triassic and from selected Anisian localities (report 1863-2009): Literaturbericht. Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie. Teil 2, 2009(5/6):765-812. 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Tei1 II I 2009 I Heft 5/6 I 765-812 I Stuttgart, Marz 2010 Literaturbericht Palaeobiogeography and Stratigraphy ofAdvanced Gnathostomian Fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) in the Early Triassic and from Selected Anisian Localities (Report 1863-2009) PaHiobiogeographie und Stratigraphie fortschrittlicher gnathostomer Fische (Chondrichthyes und Osteichthyes) in der Unter-Trias und ausgewahlter anisischer Fundstellen (Bericht 1863-2009) W. BRINKMANN, C. ROMANO, H. BUCHER, D. WARE , Zurich, Switzerland & J. JENKS, West Jordan, Utah With 2 figures in the text Abstract: Present paper gives an updated summary ofresearch history on the Chon­ drichthyes and Osteichthyes of the Early Triassic (Griesbachian, Dienerian, Smithian, Spathian) and primarily of the early Anisian. Early Triassic and Anisian marine and freshwater ichthyofaunas are found on all continents except South America, and much more fish assemblages are known from the Northern than from the Southern Hemisphere. The Early Triassic and the Anisian are times of major importance for the phylogeny of the Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes. After the end-Permian mass extinction the surviving groups of the cartilaginous and bony fishes recovered, and many new forms appeared in the Early Triassic. The neosela­ chians as well as close relatives of the teleosteans evolved, clades to which nearly all extant fishes belong. Present publication also provides a revised data base for the distribution of Early Triassic and early Anisian chondrichthyan and osteichthyan fishes in time and space on which future research on their paleobiodiversity shall be guided. Key words: Early Triassic, Anisian, Chondrichthyes, Selachii, Osteichthyes, Actinistia, Dipnoi, Actinopterygii Kurzfassung: Die Verf. geben einen aktuellen Abriss zur Erforschungsgeschichte del' Chondrichthyes und Osteichthyes del' Unter-Trias (Griesbachium, Dienerium, Smithium, Spathium) und hauptsachlich des Unter-Anisium. Untertriadische und 766 Literaturbericht Brinkmann, Romano, Bucher, Ware & Jenks Palaeobiogeography and Stratigraphy of Advanced Gnathostomian Fishes 767 anisische Ichthyofaunen des Suss- und Salzwassers finden sich aufallen Kontinenten 2.3.2 Kirghizstan and Uzbekistan mitAusnahme von Siidamerika. Dabei sind aufder Nordhemisphare mehrFischfund­ 2.3.3 Japan stellen bekanntals von der Siidhalbkugel. Die Unter-Trias und das Anisium sind bedeu­ 2.3.4 China (including Tibet) tende Abschnitte in der Stammesgeschichte der Chondrichthyes und Osteichthyes. 2.3.5 India, Pakistan and Nepal Nach dem Massenaussterben am Ende des Perm erholten sich die iiberlebenden 2.3.6 Iran and Oman Gruppen der Knorpel- und Knochenfische. Viele neue Formen erschienen in der 2.4. Africa and Madagascar Unter-Trias, so erste mogliche Neoselachier sowie nahe Verwandte der Teleostier. 2.4.1 South Africa, Zambia, and Angola Zu den beiden zuletzt genannten Taxa gehoren fast alle heute lebenden Fische. Die 2.4.2 Madagascar vorliegende Publikation liefert eine revidierte Datengrundlage der raumlichen und 2.4.3 Libya zeitlichen Verbreitung untertriadischer sowie unteranisischer Chondrichthyer und 2.5 Australia and Antarctica Osteichthyer, aufder weitere Untersuchungen zu deren Palaobiodiversitat aufbauen 2.5.1 Australia konnen. 2.5.1.1 New South Wales 2.5.1.2 Queensland Schlusselworter: Unter-Trias, Anisium, Chondrichthyes, Selachii, Osteichthyes, 2.5.1.3 Tasmania Actinistia, Dipnoi, Actinopterygii 2.5.2 Antarctica Acknowledgements References Contents 1. Introduction 1. Introduction 2. Global Distribution ofEarly Triassic and Anisian Fishes As early as 1926, DEECKE for the first time summarized and discussed the Triassic 2.1 Europe and Near East fishes ofthe world, and in 1976 SCHAEFFER & MANGUS gave a first briefreport on the 2.1.1 Spitsbergen research history of Early Triassic fishes. Since then, only publications of a more 2.1.2 Germany and France general nature have appeared, and these deal either with the occurrence ofTriassic 2.1.3 Poland fishes in certain macrogeographical regions (GOTO 1994; CHANG & JIN 1996; POYATO­ 2.1.4 Lithuania and the Kaliningrad Exclave ofRussia ARIZA et al. 1999; SCHULTZE & KRIWET 1999; MURRAY 2000; CHANG & MIAo 2004; 2.1.5 Spain LOPEZ-ARBARELLO 2004; WILSON & BRUNER 2004) or with the distribution ofspecific 2.1.6. Italy lower or higher taxa offishes during the Triassic or Mesozoic, respectively (BROUGH 2.1.7 Bulgaria 1936; BELTAN & TINTORI 1981; CAPPETTA 1987; BELTAN 1988; KEMP 1994, 1996; 2.1.8 Turkey NEUMAN 1996; ARRATIA 2004; MAISEY et al. 2004; SCHULTZE 2004). Present publication 2.1.9 Israel should present an updated overview on the research history of the chondrichthyan 2.2 North America and osteichthyan fish lineages of the Early Triassic and chiefly ofthe early Anisian, 2.2.1 Greenland as well as their revised chronological and spatial distribution worldwide. This com­ 2.2.2 Canada pilation provides an authentic data base for our future research concerning their 2.2.2.1 British Columbia paleobiogeography and paleobiodiversity. 2.2.2.2 Alberta Localities yielding Early Triassic and Anisian fossil fishes are known from all 2.2.2.3 Ellesmere Island continents except South America. Most of them are situated in the Northern 2.2.3 United States ofAmerica Hemisphere, namely Spitsbergen, Greenland, Germany, France, Poland, Lithuania, 2.2.3.1 Nevada and Kaliningrad exclave ofRussia, Spain, Bulgaria, Turkey, Israel, Canada (British 2.2.3.2 Idaho Columbia, Alberta, Ellesmere Island), USA (Nevada, Idaho, Arizona, Alaska), 2.2.3.3 Arizona Russia (North Siberia, Upper Volga River, South Primorye), Kazakhstan, Japan, 2.2.3.4 Alaska China (Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Guangxi, 2.3. Asia (excluding Near East) South Tibet), India, and Pakistan as well as Nepal, Libya, Iran, and Oman. In con­ 2.3.1 Russia and Kazakhstan trast to the papers of ACCORDI (1953, 1955, 1956), fish fossils are unknown from 768 Literaturbericht Brinkmann, Romano, Bucher, Ware & Jenks Palaeobiogeography and Stratigraphy of Advanced Gnathostornian Fishes 769 EarlyTriassic strata in Italy (see below). The same seems to be the case for Kirghizstan or Uzbekistan, respectively (compare below). In the southern hemisphere Early Early Triassic and Anisian fossil fish sites are located in Soutb Africa and Zambia as well I Triassic as Angola, Madagascar, Australia (New South Wales , Queensland, Tasmania), and Antarctica. During the Triassic period, all continents were merged together forming the Pangea continent. The paleogeographic positions as well as the environmental background (marine or freshwater) ofthe aforementioned fish lagerstatten are sum­ , marized in figure I (Early Triassic) and figure 2 (Anisian) (cf. DERCOURT et al. 1993, rI 300 2003). Among the primary water living vertebrates, aside from agnaths, only the advanced : gnathostomian fishes, the Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes, survived the Permian­ ~ 0 0 Triassic mass extinction (ANDREWS et a1. 1967; BENTON 2007; CAPPElTA et al. 1993; I CARROLL 1993; HURLEY et al. 2007; SCHAEFFER 1973; SCHINDEWOLF 1954; SCHULTZE I 1993; THOMSON 1977). Acanthodians, placoderms and ostracoderm agnaths are not i 0 known from post-Palaeozoic strata. Other jawless fishes (early soft bodied forms: L.. -30 JANVIER 1999; SHU et al, 1999, and Cyclostomata: GESS et al. 2006; JANVIER 2006) I are generally seldom found in the fossil record. So far, their occurrence in the Triassic is unconfirmed. The conodont-bearing animals, which are often interpreted as I agnaths, also survived the Permian-Triassic