70-26,250 BICKEL, Edwin David, 1941- PLEISTOCENE NON-MARINE MOLLUSCA OF THE GATINEAU VALLEY AND OTTAWA AREAS OF QUEBEC AND ONTARIO, CANADA. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1970 Geology University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan PLEISTOCENE NON-KARINE NCLLUSCA OF THE GATINEAU VALLEY AND OTTAWA AREAS OF QUEBEC AND ONTARIO, CANADA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Edwin David Bickel, A.B., M.Sc* * * * * * The Ohio State University 1970 Approved by r I' N J U u Adviser // Department of Geology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am most appreciative of the valuable guidance and assistance Professor Aurele La Rocque has given to this work and my other academic endeavors at The Ohio State University. Ky wife, Barbara Sue, deserves special recognition for many hours of skillful help in the field and laboratory. I wish to thank John G. Fyles and R, J. Kott of the Geological Survey of Canada, who generously made available samples and data gathered in conjunction with Dr. Mott*s research. Figure 3 from Geological Survey Memoir 2 M is reproduced as Fig. 2 of this paper by permission of the Geological Survey of Canada, Financial assistance for field work was provided by National Science Foundation Grant GB-818. I am grateful to the Friends of Orton Hall Fund for helping defray the cost of reproducing the illustrations. Finally, I wish to dedicate this dissertation to four teachers who have inspired and directed my scientific training. Professors Daniel F. Jackson, James E. Conkin, Joe K. Neel, and Aurele La Rocque, li VITA November 11, 1941 B o m - Louisville, Kentucky 1963 ........... A.3. (Biology), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 1963-1965 ...... Teaching Assistant, Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 1965 *•......... M.Sc. (Biology), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 1965-1970 ...... Teaching Assistant, Teaching Associate, Department of Geology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS "A revised checklist of Kentucky mosses." Trans. Kentucky Acad. Scl*, vol. 26, p. 1-11, 1965. "The role of aquatic plants and submerged structures in the ecology of a freshwater pulmonate snail, Fhysa Integra Hald." Sterkiana 18, p. 17-20, 1 fig., 1965. "Stranded Camneloma.” Nautilus, vol. 79, P* 106-107, 1966, "Camoeloma crassula with reversed whorls," Nautilus, vol. 79, p. 107-108, 1966. "A hand sieve net for small aquatic nollusks." Sterkiana 22, p. 1-2, 1 fig., 1966. "Ecology of Corbleula manliensis Philippi in the Ohio River at Louisville, Kentucky." Sterkiana 23, p. 19-24, 2 figs., 1966. "Preliminary checklist of Recent and Pleistocene Kollusca of Kentucky." Sterkiana 28, p. 7-20, 1967. "Gonlobasls semlcarlnata and G. lndlanensls in Blue River, Indiana.H Nautilus, vol. 81, p. 133-138, 5 figs., 1968. iii "Gonlobasls curreyana lyonl, a pleuroeerid snail of west-central Kentucky." Kautilus, vol. 82, p. 13-18, 5 figs., 1968. "Checklist of the Kollusca of Tennessee," Sterkiana 31* P* 15~39* 1968. FIELDS OF STUDY lajor Field* Geology Studies in Paleontology and Paleoecology. Professor AurSle la. Rocque. Studies in Pleistocene Geology. Professor Richard P. Goldthwait* iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................... 11 VITA ............................... .................. Ill LIST OF PLATES ........................................ vill LIST OF F I G U R E S .................... x LIST OF T A B L E S ........................................ xl INTRODUCTION .......................................... 1 Purpose of Investigation ......... 1 Location of Deposits ........»•■••••••• 2 I'ethod of Investigation........... 5 GEOLOGY OF THE GATINEAU VALLEY AND OTTAWA L O W L A N D ................... 8 General Statement ..... 8 Geographic Setting ..... 8 Precambrian Geology ......... *....... 10 Paleozoic Geology *...... 12 Pleistocene Geology ............................ 14 Karl Deposits .... *....... 18 General Statement ...... 18 Manltou Lake deposit ............. 20 lac Laflamme deposit ........ 24 Nesbitt Lake deposit ................ 28 Page Southwest Venosta deposit ............. 31 Wilsons Corners deposit ........... 33 Rochester Street deposit ..... 3^ McKay lake deposit ........ 35 SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOTY............................. 37 General Statement.......... 37 Phylum Mollusca ..... 37 Class Bivalvla ...... 37 Order Teleodesmacea ...... 37 Family Sphaerlidae ...... 37 Order Prlonodesmacea......... •. •...... 56 Family Unlonidae ............ 56 Class Gastropoda....... 57 Order Ctenobranchlata........... 57 Family Vivlparidae ..... 57 Family Valvatldae 59 Family Annlcolldae •..•••••••••••••••• 6l Order Pulmonata 66 Family Lymnaeidae »••••■•••••••••••••• 66 Family Planorbldae •••■•*••••••••••••• 81 Family Ancyclldae ••••>>•■•••••••••••■ 91 Family Physidae 93 Family Carychildae •. *........ 96 Family Zonltldae......... •*•*»••••*• 97 vi Page Family Linacldae 103 Family Endodontidae ..... 104 Family Succineidae ..«•»•••••...... 108 Family Strobilopsidae •••••••••••••••• 110 Family Pupillidae 113 Family Valloniidae 118 PA1S0EC0L0GY ........................................ 121 General Statement ...... 121 Fa.nltou Lake Deposit ...... 124 Lac Laflamme Deposit ..... 134 Nesbitt Lake Deposit .......... 144 Southwest Venosta Deposit ............ 152 Wilsons Comers Deposit «.••••••••»••••••••••••••• 156 Rochester Street Deposit...... 157 KcKay Lake Deposit........... 159 CONCLUSIONS ......................................... 162 Paleoeoology ............ 162 Origin of the F a u n a ....... 169 Age and Correlation ............. 171 REFERENCES CITED......... ♦.......................... 175 vii LIST OP PLATES Plate Page I Pleistocene Mollusca from Quebec and Ontario, Canada •••••••••••••••*••• 44 II Pleistocene Kollusca from Quebec and Ontario, Canada............... 80 III Pleistocene T’ollusca from Quebec and Ontario, Canada ••••»••............ 102 IV Vertical changes In relative abundance of species in the Kanltou Lake deposit..................... 125 V Vertical changes in relative abundance of species in the Kanitou Lake deposit........ 126 VI Vertical changes In relative abundance of species in the Lac Laflanne deposit .... 136 VII Vertical changes in relative abundance of species in the Lac Laflamne deposit........... 137 vili VIII Vertical changes in relative abundance of* species in the Lac Laflamne deposit ...... 138 XI Vertical changes in relative abundance of species in the Nesbitt Lake deposit •••••••........ 146 X Vertical changes in relative abundance of species in the Nesbitt Lake deposit..... 147 XI Vertical changes in relative abundance of species in the Rochester Street deposit ............. 158 ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Sketch map showing locations of deposits sampled in the lower Gatineau Valley, Quebec and the Ottawa area, Ontario, Canada ...... b 2 Gap of bedrock and faults In the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowland, Canada 13 3 Sketch map of Ganitou lake, Gatineau County, Quebec, C a n a d a ........ 21 k Sketch nap of Lac Iaflanne, Gatineau County, Quebec, Canada ........ 25 5 Sketch map of Nesbitt Lake, Gatineau County, Quebec, C a n a d a ......... 29 6 Sketch nap of V.'ilsons Comers deposit, Gatineau County, Quebec, Canada .................. ......... 32 7 Sketch map of He Kay Lake, Carle ton County, Ontario, Canada *... 32 8 Sketch map of Southwest Venosta deposit, Gatineau County, Quebec, Canada....... »••»••••......... 32 x LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Vertical distribution of species in the 'anitou lake deposit, Quebec, Canada 12? 2 Vertical distribution of species in the Lac Iaflamme deposit, Quebec, Canada......... 139 3 Vertical distribution of species in the Nesbitt Lake deposit, Quebec, Canada k Vertical distribution of species in the Rochester Street deposit, Ontario, Canada ..»•........... 155 5 Number of specimens in samples from the Wilsons Comers, Southwest Venosta, and KcKay Lake deposits, Ontario and Quebec, C a n a d a............ 155 xi INTRODUCTION Purpose of Investigation The Gatineau Valley of Quebec and the area at its mouth, around the city of Ottawa, Ontario occupy an interesting geographic position relative to post-glacial events in the western St* Lawrence Valley, The Ottawa area includes the northern margin of a Late Wisconsin glacio-lacustrine body that pre-dates marine Inundation, as well as abundant evidence of the Champlain Sea interval* The Gatineau Valley and the Ottawa Valley west of Ottawa were Inland arms on the far northwest extent of marine water* The probable influence of geologic events on Quaternary molluscan faunas in this portion of the St, Lawrence Valley can be inferred from the fossil record in the Gatineau and Ottawa Valleys. From the standpoint of paleoecology, the region allows study of molluscan habitats represented in lacustrine deposits on the Canadian Shield and comparison of these with Pleistocene lake deposits elsewhere in eastern North America* The purpose of this investigation is to give a systematic and quantitative account of non-marine nollusk assemblages in seven Late Wisconsin deposits in the Gatineau Valley and nearby Ottawa area, and to interpret changes In the mollusk assemblage and environment at each locality* Previous workers have examined the Pleistocene non-marine f'ollusca from several sites west and south of 1 the present study, and their results are important contributions to conclusions reached in this report. Correlations can