Timeline / 600 to 1100 / JORDAN Date Country | Description 613 A.D. Jordan The Sassanian invasion of Syria (Bilad al-Sham) begins under the leadership of Shahrbaraz, causing the destruction of many cities. 622 A.D. Jordan On 4 September Prophet Muhammad emigrates with the Muslims to the town of Medina. This event known as Hijra and marks the beginning of the Hijri calendar. 629 A.D. Jordan On 4 September the Battle of Mu’ta begins between the Muslims and the Byzantines at the site of Mu’ta in southern Jordan. The cause of the battle is the killing of messenger of Prophet Muhammad by the Ghassanids. 630 A.D. Jordan In October a peace treaty is made between Prophet Muhammad and the Bishop of Ayla, John bin Ru’ba in exchange for the payment of 300 dinars a year as poll tax for protection. 635 A.D. Jordan In January the inhabitants of Pella sign a covenant with the new Muslim rulers after the battle of Fihl (Pella) agreeing to pay poll and land taxes; the transition from Byzantine to Islamic rule at Pella was peaceful and uninterrupted. 636 A.D. Jordan On 20 August the Muslim armies overrun the Transjordan highlands. They go on to win a decisive battle against the Byzantines on the banks of the Yarmouk River, which opens the way to the conquest of Syria. 639 A.D. Jordan During the conquest of Jordan, a plague called ‘Emwas’ starts in Palestine and spreads all over Jordan. Among the 25,000 people who die are the companions of the Prophet who ruled the Jordan valley. 658 A.D. Jordan In February mediation between ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib and Mu’awiya is held at Udhruh in southern Jordan after the battle of Siffin to decide who will be the caliph of Muslims. Mu’awiya wins by trickery. 661 A.D. Jordan The Umayyad Dynasty starts its caliphate in Syria and Jordan under Mu’awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, who makes Damascus his capital. Date Country | Description 728 A.D. Jordan An Umayyad town is established on the citadel of Amman comprising a palace complex, congregational mosque, residential units, a reservoir and a bath. 743 - 744 A.D. Jordan Several Umayyad palaces are built in Jordan, notably Mushatta Palace with its fantastic façade. 747 A.D. Jordan A ruinous earthquake destroys Jerusalem and most of the cities of Jordan at the end of Umayyad rule. 749 A.D. Jordan The Abbasid family left al-Humayma in Jordan for Kufa in Iraq in order to lead the revolt against the Umayyads. Their plotting reaches a successful conclusion in this year. 796 A.D. Jordan The Abbasid Caliph al-Rashid appoints his brother Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi governor (wali) of Jordan. It was customary to appoint the brothers and family members of caliphs to administrative positions. 822 A.D. Jordan Sa’id ibn Khalid, a grandson of the third orthodox Caliph ‘Uthman, leads a revolt against the Abbasids at al-Fudayn in Jordan calling for the restitution of the Umayyad caliphate. Abandoned by his companions, his revolt ended. 875 A.D. Jordan Bilad al-Sham (Syria, Jordan, Palestine) comes under the rule of the Tulunid dynasty; Ahmad ibn Tulun is the founder of this dynasty in Egypt. 918 A.D. Jordan Muhammad ibn Tughj, governor of Amman under the Tulunids, defeats the Bedouins and bandits who attack pilgrim caravans; this gives him celebrity in Baghdad. 935 A.D. Jordan Jordan and Syria submit to the Ikhshidids under Muhammad bin Tughj, the founder of this dynasty in Egypt. 969 A.D. Jordan Date Country | Description In November the Fatimids of Egypt take control of Jordan during the region of al- Mu’izz Li-Deenillah. 1028 A.D. Jordan The Fatimid caliphate defeats the alliance army of Bilad al-Sham, whose ambition was to establish a state for themselves, and dominates southern Bilad al-Sham again. 1099 A.D. Jordan The Crusaders occupy Jordan and Palestine during their first campaign to the area until 1187..