B:I=D9DAD<N/>CCDK6I>K:6EEGD68=:HIDG:H:6G8= & HeZX^Va^hhjZ/I]ZÒghi"nZVgZmeZg^ZcXZ 6XdaaZXi^dcd[ZhhVnhdc eaVXZ!h`^aahVcY\dkZgcVcXZ^ci]Z7HX=dch7jh^cZhh8dbeji^c\ Ndg`h]^gZVcY=jbWZgGZ\^dcÄ>ciZgcZiHnhiZbh ?DDEL7J?EDDEHJ> <79KBJOE<8KI?D;IIB7MA::9HH8=DDAD;688DJCI6C8N lll#aZZYhbZi#VX#j` >H7C/.,-"&".%,')%"&("( FOREWARD The election of the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition Government in May 2010 heralded a change of policy in relation to regional governance, with the proposed replacement of the Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) with Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs), joint local authority-business bodies to be “…brought forward by local authorities themselves to promote local economic development…”1 and a renewed emphasis on localism. This policy shift comes after several years of debate about the rationale for and nature of sub-national governance and the role and remit of organisations such as Regional Development Agencies, local authorities and various quasi-autonomous government agencies along with the City Regions which may well become the new LEPs. In the current challenging economic circumstances, rationalisation of the infrastructure, efficiency savings and value for money are currently driving policy developments. However whilst the policy context may change the challenges for social and economic development of the region remain – how do we improve our localities, encourage visitors and regenerate our local communities? How do we encourage the retention of our graduates, develop the leadership skills necessary for success, ensure that those most at risk of economic disadvantage benefit from the economic recovery and ensure that the connections between physical and human capital developments are realised? Substantial changes to governance in the region are forecast as we continue to get to grips with the ‘bigger picture’ associated with globalisation, demographics, the environment and issues of equity (amongst many other challenges). These questions and challenges have been the subject of much commentary and literature, and researchers at Leeds Metropolitan University have made notable contributions to the debate. This collection of essays provides an opportunity for these researchers to bring together their contributions in what I believe is an impressive piece of work. The essays are structured into three themes: tourism and the visitor economy; skills, employment and economic development; and governance and inclusion. They cover a range of issues that are central to the sustainable development of the Yorkshire and Humber region and have much to say that is relevant to the debate about the appropriate level of governance for different policy areas as well as providing important research insights into these issues. They illustrate very well the wide-ranging nature and high quality of the research being undertaken at Leeds Metropolitan University. Thanks are due to all the authors for contributing such an excellent range of essays and particularly to the editors, David Devins, Phil Long and Stratis Koutsoukos, for all their work in putting together an impressive showcase for research at Leeds Metropolitan University that has real relevance for the development of policy and practice in our region. Professor Ian Sanderson Director of Research Faculty of Business and Law Leeds Metropolitan University June 2010 1 HM Government (2010) The Coalition: Our Programme for Government. London: Cabinet Office CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS .............................................................................................. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW: DAVID DEVINS, PHIL LONG, STRATIS KOUTSOUKOS ...............................................................................................1 SECTION 1: THE ‘MAKING’ OF YORKSHIRE: TOURISM AND THE VISITOR ECONOMY .......................................................................................7 SUSTAINABLE COASTAL TOURISM APPROACHES IN YORKSHIRE AND THE HUMBER: HAS EUROPEAN REGIONAL POLICY MADE A DIFFERENCE? By Stratis Koutsoukos and Catherine Brooks......................................................................................................................................9 CULTURE, TOURISM AND RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT: THE REGENERATION OF BRADFORD’S LITTLE GERMANY WAREHOUSE DISTRICT By David Pendleton .....................21 CONSTRUCTING ‘OLD WHITBY’: FRANK MEADOW SUTCLIFFE, TOURISM, HERITAGE AND REGENERATION By John Walton.............................................................................................27 EVALUATION OF PUBLIC ART – FRAMEWORKS, LOGIC MODELS AND EMERGING IMPACT By Ian Strange and David Usher ............................................................................................35 SECTION 2: SKILLS IN THE REGION .........................................................45 HUMAN CAPITAL, GRADUATE EMPLOYMENT AND SMES IN YORKSHIRE AND HUMBER By Andreas Walmsley, Stephanie Jameson, Rick Holden .....................................................................47 THE NORTHERN LEADERSHIP ACADEMY – TOWARDS LEADERFUL COMMUNITIES IN THE NORTH, ESPECIALLY YORKSHIRE AND HUMBER! By Jeff Gold......................................57 ADDRESSING WORKLESSNESS: OUTCOMES FOR DISADVANTAGED GROUPS - RESEARCH INTO ESF OBJECTIVE 2 BENEFICIARIES IN WEST YORKSHIRE By Fiona Walton ................................................................................................................................................................69 TOWARDS PEOPLE CENTRED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN WEST YORKSHIRE by David Devins and Phillip Hunter ......................................................................................................................79 SECTION 3: GOVERNANCE AND INCLUSION...........................................87 EVOLUTIONARY DEVOLUTION: BUILDING STRATEGIC CAPACITY THE NEXT STEPS FOR FUNCTIONAL SUB-REGIONS IN YORKSHIRE 2009-2012 By John Shutt and Felix Kumi-Ampofo ................................................................................................................................................................89 FROM HARD GOVERNMENT TO SOFT GOVERNANCE IN THE URBAN FRINGE: EMERGING GOVERNANCE ADAPTATIONS AROUND THE EDGE OF CITY REGIONS By Kevin Thomas and Steve Littlewood..............................................................................................................................97 EVALUATION OF THE WEST YORKSHIRE AIMHIGHER PROGRAMME: IMPLEMENTING A PROGRAMME VISION IN DIFFERING LOCAL CONTEXTS By Sallyann Halliday....................107 DIVERSE COMMUNITIES AND THE QUESTION OF COHESION By Max Farrar .....................117 Contributors Catherine Brooks is a researcher at Yorkshire Futures. She worked at the European Regional Business and Economic Development Unit (ERBEDU), carrying out contract research on aspects of regional economic development and policy. She had previously worked on the UK NHS Staff Survey and as a socio-economic researcher at the University of Cumbria, following an earlier career in archaeology. Her research interests include equality and labour market issues, and urban and rural economic development. David Devins ([email protected]) is Principal Research Fellow and member of the Policy Research Institute (PRI) Leadership Team. Following a number of years working in the private sector, David joined the PRI where he has researched a variety of public policy issues associated with labour markets and enterprise. His current research interests include small business development, employment, skills, local economic development and regeneration. Max Farrar ([email protected]) is Emeritus Professor at Leeds Metropolitan University. His research and practice over the past 40 years has focussed on issues of 'race', community and culture in the British inner cities. His PhD, published in revised form as The Struggle for Community (Edwin Mellen, 2002), is a long-term study of the social movements in the Chapeltown area of Leeds. He led the community partnerships and volunteering team at Leeds Met www.maxfarrar.org.uk Jeff Gold ([email protected]) is Professor of Organisational Learning at Leeds Business School, Leeds Metropolitan University and Leadership Fellow at Leeds University where he co-ordinates the Northern Leadership Academy. He has led a range of seminars and workshops on leadership with a particular emphasis on participation and distribution. He is the co-author of Management Development, Strategies for Action (with Alan Mumford), published by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development in 2004 and the fourth edition of his textbook on Human Resource Management (with John Bratton) was published in 2007 with Palgrave Macmillan. Sallyann Halliday ([email protected]) is a Research Fellow at the Policy Research Institute (PRI), Leeds Metropolitan University. Sallyann previously worked in FE before joining the PRI where her research activity has focused on social inclusion and worklessness issues. Her main area of research interest lies in the relationship between research evidence and policy/practice; she is currently exploring these issues through her PhD research on contract research culture at the University of Leeds. Rick Holden ([email protected]) is Principal Lecturer (Research) within Leeds Business School. Prior to joining LBS Rick worked for Cadbury Schweppes in Personnel / HR. Research work over recent years has focused upon small business learning and the graduate labour market / graduate entrepreneurship and has been widely disseminated. Current