29 World Heritage papers ( HEADS ) SERIES 29 World Heritage papers • Evolución Humana Human Evolution Human HEADSWORLD HERITAGE1 Human Evolution: Adaptations, Dispersals and Social Developments (HEADS) World Heritage Thematic Programme Evolución Humana: Adaptaciones, Migraciones y Desarrollos Sociales Programa Temático de Patrimonio Mundial For more information contact: papers UNESCO World Heritage Centre 7, place de Fontenoy 75352 Paris 07 SP France Tel : 33 (0)1 45 68 15 71 Fax : 33 (0)1 45 68 55 70 E-mail : [email protected] World Heritage http://whc.unesco.org Design by RectoVerso Human Evolution: Adaptations, Dispersals and Social Developments (HEADS) World Heritage Thematic Programme Evolución Humana: Adaptaciones, Migraciones y Desarrollos Sociales Programa Temático de Patrimonio Mundial Table of Contents • Índice Editors: In Memoriam of María Jesús San Segundo Page 6 Nuria Sanz, UNESCO World Heritage Centre En memoria de María Jesús San Segundo Penelope Keenan, UNESCO World Heritage Centre Nuria Sanz Coordination of the World Heritage Papers Series: Foreword • Prólogo Page 8 Vesna Vujicic Lugassy, UNESCO World Heritage Centre Francesco Bandarin Cover photos: Preface • Prefacio Page 10 Top: uKhahlamba/Drakensberg Park (WHL), South Africa. Photo: Frans Prins Kishore Rao from left to right: • Cueva de las Manos, Río Pinturas, Argentina. © WHC/UNESCO • The Tabon Cave Complex and all of Lipuun excavation. Photo: Eusabio Z.Dizon • Hohle Fels Venus. Photo: H.Jensen. © University of Tübingen • Fossil Hominid Preface • Prefacio Page 12 Sites of Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai, and Environs (WHL), South Africa. Photo: Nuria Sanz (UNESCO) Ángeles Albert de León Photos and images presented in the texts are the copyrights of the authors unless otherwise indicated. Introduction • Introducción Page 14 Nuria Sanz Published in June 2011 by UNESCO World Heritage Centre. World Heritage of Human Evolution and the commitment of International Cooperation Page 14 El Patrimonio Mundial de la evolucion humana y el compromiso de la cooperacion internacional Page 34 Disclaimer The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not Human Evolution: Adaptations, Dispersals and Social Developments (HEADS) Page 57 imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Processes and Outcomes Page 58 Renuncia de responsabilidad Las opiniones aquí expresadas son responsabilidad de los autores, las cuales no necesariamente reflejan las de la UNESCO y no comprometen a la Organización. La terminología utilizada y la forma en que se presenta la información en esta pub- Action Plan on HEADS 2 Page 65 licación no suponen juicio alguno de la UNESCO respecto de la condición jurídica de ningún país, territorio, ciudad o región, o de sus autoridades, ni respecto del trazado de sus fronteras o límites. Conclusions and Recommendations 3 Page 73 Human Evolution and the World Heritage Convention Page 74 Burgos, Spain, 21 to 25 March 2009 Rock Art and the World Heritage Convention Page 79 uKhahlamba/Drakensberg Park, South Africa, 3 to 8 April 2009 Prehistoric Properties and the World Heritage Convention Page 86 © UNESCO / 2011 Manama Bahrain, 10 to 14 May 2009 The Implementation of the Action Plan, Scientific Working Group Page 95 UNESCO World Heritage Centre UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, 12 to 14 September 2009 7, place de Fontenoy Action Plan Scientific Working Group Page 98 75352 Paris 07 SP France UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, 17 to 18 May 2010 Tel : 33 (0)1 42 68 15 71 World Rock Art Archive Working Group Page 100 Fax : 33 (0)1 45 68 55 70 UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, 5 to 6 July 2010 E-mail : [email protected] http://whc.unesco.org World Rock Art Archive Working Group Page 106 Johannesburg, South Africa, 17 to 19 November 2010 African Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention Page 109 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 8 to 11 February 2011 Preparation of the Management Plan for Tchitundo-Hulu Rock Art site Page 118 Virei, Angola, 14 to 23 March 2011 HEADS Scientific Working Group 4 Page 119 World Heritage and the evolution of modern human behaviour Page 120 Nicolas Conard Rock art and hunter-gatherer communities in relation to World Heritage Page 145 Janette Deacon Early origins of agriculture and World Heritage: the role of Asia Page 172 Ofer Bar-Yosef Paleo-landscapes and vulnerability in the framework of the World Heritage Convention Page 190 Margherita Mussi Attending lessons from human evolution-related sites in the context of World Heritage Page 202 Francois Sémah ANNEXES Melka Kunture, Simbiro, Ethiopia. Photo: Nuria Sanz Page 222 List of Participants Page 227 Meeting Agendas • UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, France, • UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, France, November 2008 November 2008 • Burgos, Spain, March 2009 • Burgos, Spain, March 2009 • uKhahlamba/Drakensberg Park, • uKhahlamba/Drakensberg Park, South Africa, April 2009 South Africa, April 2009 • Manama, Bahrain, May 2009 • Manama, Bahrain, May 2009 • UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, September 2009 • UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, September 2009 • UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, October 2009 • UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, December 2009 • UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, December 2009 • UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, May 2010 • UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, May 2010 • UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, July 2010 • UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, July 2010 • Johannesburg, South Africa, November 2010 • Johannesburg, South Africa, November 2010 • Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, February 2011 • UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, December 2010 • Virei, Angola, March 2011 • Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, February 2011 • Virei, Angola, March 2011 5 In Memoriam of En memoria de María Jesús San Segundo María Jesús San Segundo S. Excma. Sra. María Jesús San Segundo, Presidenta de la 33a Sesión del Comité de Patrimonio Mundial, Sevilla, España, María Jesús San Segundo de 22 a 30 de Junio de 2009. Foto: UNESCO/WHC María Jesús San Segundo came to UNESCO as Ambassador and Representative of Spain to UNESCO in January María Jesús Sansegundo, llega a UNESCO como Embajadora, Representante de España, en Enero de 2008. Por 2008. By that time her academic career had followed a systematic, solid and orderly course, very much aquel entonces su carrera académica había recorrido todos los peldaños de un currículo sistemático, sólido y reflecting her character. After receiving her Ph.D from Princeton in 1985, she had been a lecturer, professor, ordenado, vivo retrato de su carácter. Desde recibir su doctorado en Princeton en 1985, fue profesora, cate- Deputy Rector and Minister of Education and Science in Spain. Every step in her career bore witness to her drática, Vicerrectora y Ministra de Educación y Ciencia de España. Cada tramo de su carrera fue avalando su determination and firmness of purpose in defence of education systems capable of building fairer and freer determinación y constancia en la defensa de sistemas educativos capaces de construir sociedades más justas societies. y libres. Her experience in fields such as the financing of education or the evaluation of education systems did not Temas de su experiencia como la financiación de la Educación o la evaluación de sistemas educativos no em- affect her unremitting predisposition to advocate an enriching approach to science in every one of the sub- pañaron una predisposición constante por reclamar un acercamiento fecundo a la ciencia en todos y cada jects that she was called on to deal with in our Organization. In the case of Human Evolution, far from being uno de los temas que le tocó abordar en nuestra institución. El caso de la Evolución Humana, lejos de ser ‘just one of the programmes’ immediately became one of her favourite projects. I remember the meeting «uno de los programas» se convirtió inmediatamente en uno de sus proyectos favoritos. Recuerdo la reunión where we discussed the aspects that Spain would be proposing to address during the Spanish Chair of the en la que se discutía sobre los aspectos que España iba a proponer desarrollar durante la Presidencia del World Heritage Committee. Her conviction of the rightness of promoting a multidisciplinary dialogue to Comité de Patrimonio Mundial. Su convencimiento sobre la pertinencia de avanzar una reflexión multidisci- deliberate on what it is that makes us culturally, anatomically and intellectually human persuaded everyone plinar para deliberar sobre lo que nos hace humanos, cultural, anatómica e intelectualmente, persuadió a that UNESCO was where that debate should take place. todos de que UNESCO era el solar de esa reflexión. I had the opportunity to work closely with her. The HEADS Programme and the work of World Heritage prof- Tuve ocasión de trabajar con ella de forma cercana. El programa HEADS y los trabajos de Patrimonio Mundial ited from her conciliatory attitude. She was a firm advocate of multilateralism and an enthusiastic defender se beneficiaron de su actitud conciliadora. Era una convencida del multilateralismo y entusiasta defensora of the 1972 Convention goals. We enjoyed her company and we profited from her far-sightedness and counsel de los objetivos de la Convención del 72. Disfrutamos de su compañía y nos beneficiamos de su visión y con- in Paris, Spain, South Africa, Brazil and in numerous other