Digital Collections and the Management of Knowledge February 2004 Digital Collections and the Management of Knowledge February Digital Collections and the Management of Knowledge: Renaissance Emblem Literature as a Case Study for the Digitization of Rare Texts and Images DigiCULT Consortium: A DigiCULT Publication A DigiCULT www.digicult.info A DigiCULT Publication February 2004 DC_Emblemsbook_180204 19.02.2004 11:25 Uhr Seite 2 Copyright Notice This publication is a product of the DigiCULT Project (IST-2001-34898). © DigiCULT and its Consortium members Salzburg Research and HATII, University of Glasgow,2004. Authors Peter Boot, Utrecht University and Constantijn Huygens Institute (The Hague), The Netherlands Hans Brandhorst, Mnemosyne,The Netherlands Nieves R. Brisaboa, Universidade da Coruña, Spain David Graham, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada Nuala Koetter, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Sagrario López Poza, Universidade da Coruña, Spain Thomas Kilton, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Andrea Opitz, Herzog August Bibliothek,Wolfenbüttel,Germany Dietmar Peil, University of Munich, Germany (translation of article by Marshall Billings, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA) Miguel R. Penabad, Universidade da Coruña, Spain Ángeles S. Places, Universidade da Coruña, Spain Stephen Rawles, Humanities Advanced Technology and Information Institute (HATII), University of Glasgow,Scottland Francisco J. Rodríguez, Universidade de Vigo, Spain Beth Sandore, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library,USA Thomas Stäcker, Herzog August Bibliothek,Wolfenbüttel,Germany Mara R.Wade, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Editors Editor in Chief: Mara R.Wade, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , USA DigiCULT Special Publication editors: Guntram Geser and John Pereira, Salzburg Research,Austria Copyright Copyright of the articles rests with the authors. Graphics & Layout Jan Steindl, Salzburg Research,Austria Printed in Austria. 2004 DC_Emblemsbook_180204 19.02.2004 11:25 Uhr Seite 3 DIGITAL COLLECTIONS AND THE MANAGEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE: RENAISSANCE EMBLEM LITERATURE AS A CASE STUDY FOR THE DIGITIZATION OF RARE TEXTS AND IMAGES Edited by Mara R. Wade A DigiCULT Publication February 2004 DC_Emblemsbook_180204 19.02.2004 11:25 Uhr Seite 4 DC_Emblemsbook_180204 19.02.2004 11:25 Uhr Seite 5 CONTENTS Copyright notice 2 Table of contents 5 Guntram Geser and John Pereira (DigiCULT) Foreword,or:Vivitur ingenio, caetera mortis erunt 7 Acknowledgments Mara R.Wade and Thomas Stäcker Introduction 9 David Graham Three Phases of Emblem Digitization: The First Twenty Years, The Next Five 13 Stephen Rawles A Spine of Information Headings for Emblem-Related Electronic Resources 19 Hans Brandhorst Using Iconclass for the Iconographic Indexing of Emblems 29 Dietmar Peil Nobody's Perfect: Problems in Constructing an Emblem Database 45 Beth Sandore Standard Approaches to Providing Digital Emblem Book Title-level and Collection-level Descriptions 65 Andrea Opitz Indexing Emblem Books on the Internet - the Opportunities offered by TEI 71 Nuala Koetter Interoperability of Digital Emblematica Metadata using the Open Archives Initiative Metadata Harvesting Protocol and other Schemas 79 Thomas Stäcker Transporting Emblem Metadata with OAI 89 Nieves R. Brisaboa, Sagrario López Poza, Miguel R. Penabad, Ángeles S. Places, Francisco J. Rodríguez A System for the Integrated Access to three Digital Libraries of Spanish Golden Age Documents 97 Thomas Kilton Emblematica Online: The User's Perspective 107 Mara R.Wade Toward an Emblem Portal: Local and Global Portal Construction 115 Peter Boot Beyond the Digital Edition: Tools for Emblem Research 121 Author Information 131 DigiCULT Project Information 135 Illustration Credits 137 5 DC_Emblemsbook_180204 19.02.2004 11:25 Uhr Seite 6 6 DC_Emblemsbook_180204 19.02.2004 11:25 Uhr Seite 7 FOREWORD, OR: VIVITUR INGENIO, CAETERA MORTIS ERUNT 1 Guntram Geser and John Pereira DigiCULT,http://www.digicult.info It is with great pleasure and honour to publish alongside our series of DigiCULT Publications a special edition on the digitization of emblem books.The twelve articles which stem from the working conference on emblem digitization held in September 2003 at the Herzog August Bib- liothek,Wolfenbüttel, Germany, allow us to exemplify how scholars in a highly specialised area of research together with digital librarians have taken advantage of information technologies, stan- dards, and emerging best practices for the digitization of emblems and emblem books, and the scholarly work related to them. The complexity of practises put to good use by the emblem research community is illustrated by the key issues and methods covered in this DigiCULT Special Publication: establishing meta- data, using the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) standard, indexing emblems (e.g. with Iconclass), collection-level descriptions, metadata exchange procedures, using the Open Archives Initiative Metadata Harvesting Protocol (OAI-MHP) for emblem data, federated searching based on ontologies, and establishment of an emblems portal. In addition, the issue of how best to serve the requirements of users, be it through new tools for the emblem scholar, online pathways into the emblematic tradition for students from various disciplines (such as philosophy, theology, history, literature and the arts), or online presentation environments for a broader audience, is also approached. At the policy level the emblem community acknowledges an important aspect DigiCULT observes over and over again, the importance of consensus building and co-operation on all lev- els, regional, national, and international. Both demand substantial investment of resources, as well as the need to accommodate conflicting interests such as, for example, already implemented tech- nical solutions, project specific goals, etc. But, as a show of success, the emblem research com- munity has in recent years not only managed to set up several national digitization projects (for example, Canada, Germany,The Netherlands, Scotland, Spain, USA), but also reached interna- tional consensus on many key issues. In particular, the projects that participated in the Wolfenbüttel Conference have agreed to con- duct their projects in a manner that encourages future interoperability and the sharing of meta- data, and are considering the Open Archives Initiative Metadata Harvesting Protocol (OAI-MHP) as a common standard for exchanging emblem metadata. A new group, OpenEmblem, was formed to work on emblem digitization together, and the emblem community is also close to realising the first draft of a new metadata schema for emblem books. Since the Wolfenbüttel Conference, the OpenEmblem Portal has been launched. Hosted by the Library of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, it aims to be a resource for emblem book researchers from around the world, helping them share resources and engage in 1 Transl.“Genius lives on; all else is fruitful discussions. mortal”. See the illustration in R. B., Choice emblems, divine and moral, As outlined by David Graham from the Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada, these antient and modern, or, Delights for the ingenious, in above fifty select emblems... achievements represent the beginning of a new, third phase of emblem digitization, that started 6th ed. London, Printed for E. Parker, 1732, Emblem III, twenty years ago when emblem scholars in the face of major technical and market breakthroughs http://emblem.libraries.psu.edu/ rb010011.htm. such as the Macintosh computer with its GUI operating system, the first readily available scan- 7 DC_Emblemsbook_180204 19.02.2004 11:25 Uhr Seite 8 ners, and early graphics software, began envisioning a digitally enhanced scholarship.The third phase now will be characterised by a common framework that allows for collaborative digitiza- tion on the basis of shared standards, ensuring high interoperability and, increasingly, integrated access to a growing corpus of digitized European emblem books, also providing new tools for studying emblems and exchanging new knowledge. To gether with specialised research in other domains, the emblem community clearly has made it at the forefront of digitally enhanced scholarship in the Arts & Humanities.We wish them all the best in achieving the far reaching goals they have set themselves for the present and future phases of emblem digitization. Finally,it is our aim that readers of this DigiCULT Special Publication will find valuable infor- mation as well as encouragement for their own projects in digitizing cultural heritage resources and digitally enhanced scholarship. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The entire group of some dozen scholars from eight international institutions and six coun- tries would like to express their gratitude to the Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation for fund- ing, the Herzog August Bibliothek for hosting, and DigiCULT for publishing the extremely productive results of our working conference. Moreover, Dietmar Peil would like to express his thanks to Marshall Billings, cand. phil. from the Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, for translating his contribution from German into English. Mara Wade wishes to extend her special thanks to her Research Assistant from the Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Carsten Wilmes, M.A., for his help in preparing this volume for publication.Additional