Medieval Europe: Geography Clear Target Identify the physical location and features of Europe and the influence of the North Atlantic Drift on Europe. Think, Pair, Share What is the North Atlantic Current (or North Atlantic Drift) and why is it important to Europe. It is the time period in Europe following the Fall of the Roman Empire in 476 CE until the Renaissance around the 1400s. It is also called the Dark Ages The term “medieval” also refers to this era. Medieval is A time of slow growth, no Latin for “middle age.” learning, and many communities in pure survival mode. When Rome fell, so did the political stability in the area. Most people live on farms and not in cities early in Middle Ages, but cities grow near the As a result, anarchy end (1300s). and violence reign. Medieval Europe Geography • Continent of Europe is a huge peninsula with many small PLAIN peninsulas branching NORTH EUROPEAN off of it • Most of Europe lies within 300 miles of a seacoast (TN is 440 miles in length) Medieval Europe • Rivers were deep, wide Geography and flowed from inland to the seas and oceans around Europe PLAIN • 1. Seine; 2. Rhine; 3. 2 EUROPEAN Po; 4. Danube 1 NORTH (numbers represent 3 location on the map) 4 • Were very good for trade • Provided protection from invasions Think, Pair, Share How were deep and wide rivers that flowed from inland to seas and oceans beneficial for Western Europe? Explain your answer. Medieval Europe Geography • Mountains: Pyrenees isolated what is now Spain and Portugal; Alps PLAIN separated Italy; Carpathian NORTH EUROPEAN cut off what is now Ukraine and Russia • Made it difficult for one group to control all of Europe Mental Map Look at this PLAIN image and make NORTH EUROPEAN a mental map of the mountains and what countries they are located by. Think, Pair, Share How did the mountains affect the development of society in Europe? Explain your answer. Clear Target Identify the physical location and features of Europe the influence of the North Atlantic Drift. Medieval Europe: Feudalism Clear Target I can describe the development of feudalism and manorialism, their roles in the medieval European economy. Feudalism is a class structure society that took hold of Europe The king cannot protect during the Middle Ages. all the land himself, so divided into small parcels called fiefs. Entire society is based around the exchange of land for military service All the land the king owns is called the manor King gives a fief to Lords (nobles) to manage and Knights then provide land protect. to peasants to live on, farm. Paid rent with the crops they produced Lords then divide the land down furtherPROTECTION and gives is to Knights to manage and LAND is given provided (military (to live on) protect service) Beneath peasants are serfs. Serfs were bound to the soil, could not leave, and paid rent with manual labor Entire system is based on loyalty In the event of an invasion, peasants agree Feudalism most popular to fight for the knight, in France, England, and who fights for the lord, Germany who swears allegiance to the king. Knights lived by a code of conduct known as chivalry Sworn to loyalty, and Sworn to never attack courteous and brave unarmed enemy behavior Sworn to protect women, Sworn to treat the children, the helpless. elderly, the unfortunate with care and respect The three-field system grew very popular during the Middle Ages Land is divided into three parts 1 part is left to The other 2 fields fallow have different (unplanted) crops Each year the field’s use rotates MedievalFeudal System Europe • Lords • Had to be part of the nobility to be a lord • Land owner who's land comes directly from the king • Usually had more than one tenant on their land • Leased property to a vassal, who then paid them and swore loyalty to them • Vassals • A low ranking noble • Swore loyalty to; and received protection from a lord • Leased property from their lord • Knights • A military person granted the title of Knight by a monarch or other feudal superior for service to the monarch Think, Pair, Share Who do you think that the lord got his land from? Explain your answer,and include why this is important. Medieval Europe Feudal System • Peasants • Poor farmers • Low on social status • Made up the largest part of the population • The main labor force of medieval life • rented a small piece of land for farming from the Lord • Serfs • Were bound to the land almost like slaves but could not be bought and sold • Could not leave their land without permission • The land and all the food they grew belonged to the manor (noble) • Did many jobs for the noble: carpenter, blacksmith, baker, farmer, and tax collector • Could buy their own freedom if they could get the money Think About It What is the difference between a slave and a Serf...or are they the same? What group made up the majority of the population and was the main labor force? Medieval Europe Feudal System • Feudal Manor • The start of Manorialism • Was a Social System mainly • Developed by the Kings for protection of Kingdom • Standing Army too expensive • Gave land to Nobles for loyalty and use of army when called upon Medieval Europe Manorial System • Medieval Manor • Part of Feudalism/Feudal System • Was an economic system based on agriculture • Knights and Vassals were given fiefs • So the manor had protection • Were loyal to the noble that gave them their fief • Peasants and Serfs • Peasants were the main source of labor in the Feudal System • Worked the farms and fields for their lords doing many different jobs • This was the start (development) of the lower working class in Europe • Received protection from invasions for their work • Serfs were tied to the land Picture of a Medieval Manor • Lords provided services such as court • Settled disputes between all members of the Manor • Acted as judge and jury even in criminal matters Think, Pair, Share What is the significance of Knights getting fiefs for their service to the lords and vassals? Think, Pair, Share Why do you think that Feudalism/Manorialism developed? Improvement in Agricultural Technology • Windmills • Water Wheels • Iron tools • Iron plow (could go down much deeper into the soil) • Horse collar • System of crop rotation Think, Pair, Share Talk about three of the advances in agriculture and how they improved farming in the middle ages. Be prepared to explain and defend your answers. The Three Field System • The method of crop rotation, or the three field system, was developed during the middle ages and increased crop production. • Originally half the land would be planted and the other half would be fallow (unplanted) • Under the new system the land was divided into three fields. Two were planted and one would be left fallow. Crops which used different nutrients would be planted in the two fields and would rotate to let the soil rest. Think, Pair, Share How was the three field system important for farming and the economy in the middle ages; and still today? What do we call this process today? Clear Target I can describe the development of feudalism and manorialism, their roles in the medieval European economy. Medieval Europe: Kingdoms of Europe and the Church Clear Target I can demonstrate understanding of the conflict and cooperation between the Papacy and European monarchs. Tiny kingdoms exist all throughout Western Europe and rule over their territory since Rome fell. The Franks were the largest of the Germanic tribes. They inhabit the land we now call France and will become the most powerful force in Western Europe in Medieval times. Clovis was the first great Frankish king in 481 CE. He converted them to Christianity and united all the Franks under his rule. Charles Martel, nicknamed “The Hammer,” becomes the next great leader of the Franks. He consolidated control over the Franks after his victory at Tours against the Muslims in 732. Charles’s son, Pepin the Short, runs the Carolingian Dynasty He extends Frankish control to the northern parts of Western Europe. His son becomes one of the greatest rules in European history: Charlemagne. Son of Pepin the Short and grandson of Charles “The Hammer” Martel. Named Charles, but called Charlemagne, Latin for “Charles the Great” His rule cements Catholicism in Western Europe Goes further when he conquers Saxons in 780s Extends rule when he conquers Lombards in Italy in 774 Frankish capital in Aachen, Germany And later pushes back In 790s, he conquers Goths in Eastern Europe Muslims in Spain In 800, Pope Leo III rewards Charlemagne for his work in extending Christianity Charlemagne is made Holy Roman Emperor and a power struggle quickly begins. Charlemagne dies in 814, and the Treaty of Verdun splits his kingdom into three regions Instead of uniting Europe, treaty further divides it Vikings were seafaring people from Scandinavia (modern day Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark Raids throughout Eventually settle in northern Europe Northern Europe and terrorized residents for become the Normans in years France. Begin to leave around 800s looking for better, warmer climate Led by Eric the Red, Vikings discover and create a colony in Greenland around the year 980. First Europeans to Americas (sorry, Columbus!) Viking life revolved around the Viking halls. Place to celebrate victories, conduct business, plan attacks The long ship would contain most important possessions; important dead even buried in them Vikings recorded their histories on rune stones. Vikings were polytheistic until they converted to Christianity between 850-1100. Loki: Evil God of Deception