VOLUME 17 NUMBER 2 DECEMBER 2018 A Professional Journal of National Defence College Volume 17 Number 2 December 2018 National Defence College Bangladesh EDITORIAL BOARD Chief Patron Lieutenant General Sheikh Mamun Khaled, SUP, rcds, psc, PhD Editor-in-Chief Air Commodore M Mortuza Kamal, GUP, ndc, psc, GD(P) Editor Colonel Muhammad Shahriar Zaman, afwc, psc Associate Editors Brigadier General Naheed Asgor, afwc, psc Lieutenant Colonel A S M Badiul Alam, afwc, psc, G+, Arty Assistant Editors Lecturer Farhana Binte Aziz Assistant Director Md Nazrul Islam ISSN: 1683-8475 DISCLAIMER The analysis, opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this Journal are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NDC, Bangladesh Armed Forces or any other agencies of Bangladesh Government. Statement, fact or opinion appearing in NDC Journal are solely those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by the editors or publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electrical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by the National Defence College, Bangladesh Design & Printed by : ORNATE CARE 87, Mariam Villah (2nd floor), Nayapaltan, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Cell: 01911546613, E mail: [email protected] CONTENTS Page Foreword v Editorial vi Abstracts vii Technical Management of Municipal Solid Waste as a Means of Energy Security for Bangladesh 1 By - Brigadier General Md Sanuwar Uddin, ndc, psc Domestic Violence Against Women in Bangladesh: Selected Case Studies of Dhaka City 21 By - Brigadier General Abdul Quayyum Mollah, ndc, psc Urban Crime in Bangladesh: Implications for Non Traditional Security Threat in Selected Slums in Dhaka City 46 By - Brigadier General Md Tajul Islam Thakur, ndc, afwc, psc, G Educational Environment in Bangladesh Cadet Colleges Since 1990s: An Overview 72 By - Brigadier General Md Habib Ullah, SPP, ndc, afwc, psc Energy Connectivity with Neighbouring Countries: Challenges and Opportunities for Bangladesh 97 By - Commodore Mohammad Nazmul Hassan, NPP, ncc, ndc, psc Reforming Sub Inspector Training in Bangladesh Police: Public Expectation and Reality 118 By - Deputy Inspector General Md. Shamsuddin, ndc Developing Sinews of India’s Act East Policy on Triangular Pivot of Bangladesh, Myanmar and India’s North East Region (NER) 137 By - Brigadier Dheerendra Singh Kushwah, SM, ndc Holistic Approach to Tourism Development and Destination Image of Chittagong Hill Tracts 161 By - Colonel Mohammed Idris Abdulkadir, ndc Soldiers’ Exposure to Social Media and its Impact on Organizational Security of Bangladesh Army 185 By - Lieutenant Colonel Md Khurshid Alam, afwc, psc, G Revamping Bangladesh - Myanmar Relation: Challenges and Opportunities in Economic and Military Domain 208 By - Lieutenant Colonel Md. Monowarul Islam Sarder, SPP, afwc, psc Need for Doctrine Development Center in Bangladesh Air Force 234 By - Group Captain Md Abdullah Al-Mamun, afwc, psc, GD (P) Role of Bangladesh Army in Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 254 By - Brigadier General Muhammad Ali Talukder, afwc, psc IV FOREWORD National Defence College is on its track since 1999 with a vision to be the premier national centre of excellence on defence, security, strategic and development studies - meeting the challenges of the 21st century. Since the inception the college has been relentlessly presenting time - befitting academic curricula to the potential policy planners, leaders and strategic thinker of the future. Intent of the college is to create a balanced outlook and bring a visualization amongst the Course Members with a strategic and operational level understanding. Past 19 years of track record attests to the practicability of the learning regime that has made this premier institution a centre of excellence at home and abroad. National Defence College being the premier national institution in Bangladesh, has always been emphasizing on conducting research in contemporary issues. The main aim of the research is to enable Course Members to make an original contribution to a subject of national or international interest that has a bearing on the national security and development. NDC journal is a reflection of the research works carried out by the Course Members and Faculty of the college. I am confident that selected Research Papers of the Course Members accommodating diverse subjects and merits have been included in this issue. I believe the readers will find the articles useful and intellectually stimulating. My heartiest congratulations to all the members who have contributed to this journal. I appreciate the sincere efforts of the Research and Academic Wing and acknowledge the solemn endeavour of the editorial board to bring out the journal timely. This issue of the journal is yet another landmark in the path of advancement of National Defence College, Bangladesh. SHEIKH MAMUN KHALED Lieutenant General Commandant V EDITORIAL NDC Journal is a bi-annual publication of National Defence College, the premier national centre of excellence on Security, Strategy and Development Studies. The articles for the journal (Volume 17, Number 2, December 2018) are mostly selected from individual research papers that the Course Members had submitted as part of the course curriculums. The College believes that a senior officer from military and civil services should have a good understanding of the major economic, political and social issues of the nation and be able to recommend measures to face the challenges. National Defence College has been very regular in bringing out `NDC Journal` every year on time. This speaks of the laborious effort and genuine commitment on the part of both the editorial staffs and writers. While research papers are of usually of 10,000 -15,000 words, the abridged versions are of 4,000 - 5,000 words. The abridgement is executed in a manner that the principal arguments and the logical basis are represented succinctly, objectively and clearly. A total 12 (twelve) have been adjudged for publication in the current issue in abridged form. The articles reflect complex and intricate multidimensional issues emanating from the long diversified experiences and the curriculum based deliberations and discourse on various topics concerning comprehensive national security during their trainings. This volume includes papers of different categories those will draw attention of varied group of readers. A reader, before getting into the pleasure of reading, can get an idea of what these papers are about from the abstracts included at the beginning of this journal. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Chief Patron Lieutenant General Sheikh Mamun Khaled, SUP, rcds, psc, PhD, the Commandant of NDC for his valuable guidance. Research is a highly committed undertaking. Despite all efforts, unintentional errors in various forms may appear in the journal. We ardently request our valued readers to pardon us for such unnoticed slights and shall consider ourselves rewarded to receive any evocative criticism. We hope that all papers included in this volume will satisfy our readers. M MORTUZA KAMAL Air Commodore Senior Directing Staff (Air) VI ABSTRACT TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AS A MEANS OF ENERGY SECURITY FOR BANGLADESH Brigadier General Md Sanuwar Uddin, ndc, psc Solid waste disposal poses a greater problem as it leads to land pollution, water pollution and air pollution if it is not properly managed. Sustainable strategy for the waste management can improve wastes treatment with the aim to reduce their landfill disposal, minimize the environmental impact and recovery of energy to mitigate the energy crisis of the country. Moreover, the scarcity of land and its increasing cost especially in Dhaka city supplements the difficulty of finding new landfill site. Realizing the existing and future impact of waste disposal issue, appropriate Waste-to-Energy (WTE) conversion of urban areas (e.g. house hold waste) especially in Dhaka city is a prime requirement. This study has analyzed the generation and characteristics of solid waste in Dhaka city, along with the associated environmental impacts and existing solid waste management practices. Special focus has been given on the effect of composting on final disposal of solid waste and effect of landfill site location on transportation cost. An estimation of the future generation rate indicates that the present generation rate of Dhaka city which is 7500 tons/day may exceed 15000 tons/day by the year 2030. Technological, environmental and financial criteria were selected an analysis in this study. Three alternatives, namely, digestion (e.g. aerobic / anaerobic digestion), composting, burning techniques (e.g. incineration, gasification, pyrolysis) were chosen for the comparison. The analysis reveals that pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, composting are the viable options for waste treatment in Dhaka city area. The advantages that anaerobic digestion offers outweighs most other conventional technologies can treat biodegradable wastes and can produce good quality methane gas without extremely toxic by-products. VII DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN BANGLADESH: SELECTED CASE STUDIES OF DHAKA CITY Brigadier General Abdul Quayyum Mollah, ndc, psc Violence against women has been regarded as a global phenomenon by world back in 1993. It is considered to be the pervasive human rights violation that we