THE RECEPTION OF JESUS IN THE FIRST THREE CENTURIES VOLUME ONE FROM PAUL TO JOSEPHUS: LITERARY RECEPTIONS OF JESUS IN THE FIRST CENTURY CE Volume Editor Helen K. Bond t&tclark LONDON • M.W YORK • OXtORD • NL\S DtLHl • bVDNLY CONTENTS LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS XII Introduction to The Reception ofJesus in the First Three Centuries xv Chris Keith, Helen K. Bond, Christine Jacobi, and Jens Schroter Volume One From Paul to Josephus: Literary Receptions of Jesus in the First Century CE Ed. Helen K. Bond Introduction to Volume One xxix Helen K. Bond Earliest Pauline Literature 1 1 Pauline Epistles 3 Christine Jacobi Gospel Literature and Additions to Gospel Literature 39 2 Gospel of Mark 41 Sandra Huebenthal 3 Q 73 Alan Kirk 4 Gospel of Matthew 107 Matthias Konradt 5 Gospel of Luke 139 Michal Beth Dinkier 6 Gospel of John 165 Helen K. Bond 1 Longer Ending of Mark 187 Anne Moore 8 Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11) 197 Chris Keith CONTENTS vi 209 9 John 21 Andrew T. Lincoln 223 Other Literature of Early Followers of Jesus 225 10 Acts of the Apostles Jens Schroter 243 11 Hebrews Harold W. Attridge 259 12 James Karl-Wilhelm Niebuhr 277 13 Petrine Epistles and Jude Travis B. Williams 14 Johannine Epistles 297 Tom Thatcher 15 Revelation 309 Michelle Fletcher 16 First Clement 325 Andrew Gregory 17 Didache 337 Joseph Verheyden Josephus 363 18 Testimonium Flavianum 365 Jan Willem van Henten INDEX 371 THE RECEPTION OF JESUS IN THE FIRST THREE CENTURIES VOLUME TWO FROM THOMAS TO TERTULLIAN: CHRISTIAN LITERARY RECEPTIONS OF JESUS IN THE SECOND AND THIRD CENTURIES CE Volume Editors Jens Scbroter and Christine Jacobi t^tclark LONDON • M \\ YORK • OX1 ORD • NEW DLLH1 • SYDNEY Volume Two From Thomas to Tertullian: Christian Literary Receptions of Jesus in the Second and Third Centuries CE Eds. Jens Schroter and Christine Jacobi Introduction to Volume Two xxix Jens Schroter and Christine Jacobi Epistolary Literature 1 19 Colossians 3 Andreas Dettwiler CONTENTS vii 20 Ephesians 11 Andreas Dettwiler 21 Pastoral Epistles 19 Andreas Dettwiler 22 Epistle of Barnabas 27 J. Christopher Edwards 23 Ignatius 41 Paul Foster 24 Polycarp, To the Philippians 59 Paul Parvis 25 Apology of Quadratus and Epistle to Diognetus 73 Andreas Lindemann Gospel Literature 91 Gospels Narrating Parts of Jesus's Earthly Life 91 26 Protevangelium Iacobi 93 Eric M. Vanden Eykel 21 Infancy Gospel of Thomas 107 Tony Burke 28 Gospel of Peter 123 Alan Kirk 29 Diatessaron 141 Nicholas Perrin Jewish-Christian Gospels 161 30 Gospel of the Nazarenes 163 Jorg Frey 31 Gospel of the Ebionites 173 Jorg Frey 32 Gospel of the Hebrews 183 Jorg Frey Other Gospels (Listed in Alphabetical Order) 193 33 Egerton Gospel (P.Egerton 2) 195 Tobias Nicklas CONTENTS 207 34 Epistida Apostolorum Paul Parvis 217 35 Fayum Gospel (P.Vindob.G 2325) Thomas J. Kraus 111 36 Gospel of Judas Lome R. Zelyck 237 37 Gospel of Mary Judith Hartenstein 247 38 Gospel of Philip Todd Brewer 255 39 Gospel of the Savior (P.Oxy. 840) Jens Schroter 265 40 Gospel of Thomas Konrad Schwarz 281 41 Gospel of Truth Katrine Brix 42 Marcion's Gospel Dieter T Roth 303 Gospel Additions 43 Scribal Alterations to the "Canonical" Gospels in Second- and 305 Third-century Manuscripts Tommy Wasserman Apocalypses 329 44 Apocalypse of Peter 331 Tobias Nicklas 45 Second Esdras 341 Lillia Milbach-Schirr 46 Shepherd of Hermas 353 Mark Grundeken Other Early Christian Writings (Listed in Alphabetical Order) 361 47 Acts of John, Acts of Peter, Acts of Thekla, Third Corinthians, and Martyrdom of Paul 363 Julia A. Snyder CONTENTS ix 48 Christianized Texts 387 Thomas J. Kraus 49 Irenaeus 401 Rolf Noormann 50 Justin Martyr 433 Winrich Lohr 51 Martyrdom of Polycarp 449 Sara Parvis 52 Odes of Solomon 465 Majella Franzmann 53 Origen 473 Alfons Fiirst 54 Papian Fragments 493 David P. Moessner 55 Second Clement 513 James A. Kelhoffer 56 Tertullian 531 Dieter T. Roth 57 Traditio Apostolica 539 Markus Vinzent 58 Valentinian Gnosticism 555 Johanna Brankaer index 569 THE RECEPTION OF JESUS IN THE FIRST THREE CENTURIES VOLUME THREE FROM CELSUS TO THE CATACOMBS: VISUAL, LITURGICAL, AND NON-CHRISTIAN RECEPTIONS OF JESUS IN THE SECOND AND THIRD CENTURIES CE Volume Editor Chris Keith t&tclark • LONDON • NLW YORK • ONtORD • NLW DhLHI bYDNLN CONTENTS ix 48 Christianized Texts 387 Thomas J. Kraus 49 Irenaeus 401 RolfNoormann 50 Justin Martyr 433 Winrich Lohr 51 Martyrdom of Polycarp 449 Sara Parvis 52 Odes of Solomon 465 Majella Franzmann 53 Origen 473 Alfons Furst 54 Papian Fragments 493 David P. Moessner 55 Second Clement 513 James A. Kelhoffer 56 Tertullian 531 Dieter T. Roth 57 Traditio Apostolica 539 Markus Vinzent 58 Valentinian Gnosticism 555 Johanna Brankaer index 569 Volume Three From Celsus to the Catacombs: Non-Christian, Visual, and Liturgical Receptions of Jesus Ed. Chris Keith Introduction to Volume Three xxxiii Chris Keith Non-Christian Literary Receptions of Jesus in the Second and Third Centuries CE 1 59 Celsus 3 John Granger Cook CONTENTS xi 75 Petrogram 301 Thomas J. Kraus 76 Sarcophagi 307 Catherine C. Taylor 77 Sculptural Images of Jesus 337 Joan E. Taylor 78 Staurogram 349 Dieter T. Roth Liturgical Receptions of Jesus 359 79 Baptism 361 Rafael Rodriguez 80 The Eucharist 393 Andrew McGowan 81 Prayer 419 Heather M. Gorman 82 Public Reading of the Gospels 445 Chris Keith index 471 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS CHAPTER 66 66.1 Graffito depicting Alexamenos worshipping his god. Roman, late second to early third century. 106 66.2 "Map of Ancient and Modern Divisions of the Palatine," published by Rodolfo Lanciani, indicating the location of the Paedagogium. 107 66.3 Floor plan of the Palatine Paedagogium, showing the location of Room 7, in which the graffito was discovered. 108 66.4 The southeast wall of Room 7 as it is preserved today. 109 66.5 Line drawing of the Alexamenos graffito as first published by Raffaele Garrucci. 110 66.6 Alexamenos graffito, detail. Ill 66.7 Graffito depicting a donkey in a harness, yoked at the neck to the grinding wheel of a grain mill. Rome, late second to early third century CE. 116 66.8 Bloodstone amulet engraved with the crucifixion, Christian invocation, and magical words. Late second century to early third century CE. 119 66.9 Graffito of a crucified person. Roman, late second to early third century CE. 120 66.10 Gemstone engraved with a representation of Jesus crucified among the twelve apostles. Carnelian, Syria (?), mid-fourth century CE. 122 66.11 Bronze finial of a magistrate with horse's head: Roman, ca. first to second century CE. 128 66.12 Terra-cotta lamp with caricature of a teacher and pupils. Hellenistic-Roman, first century BCE to first century CE, Egypt. 130 66.13 Terra-cotta figurine, first century BCE, Egypt. 130 66.14 Painted parody of Aeneas, Ascanius, and Anchises. From the zone of Masseria di Cuomo, Pompeii, ca. 14-79 CE. 133 CHAPTER 68 68.1 Model of the Jerusalem Temple, first century CE. 154 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xiii 68.2 The bouleuterion in Priene, second century BCE. 155 68.3 The Gamla synagogue, the Golan Heights, looking southwest. 156 68.4 Reconstruction of a first-century courtyard house in Capernaum. 158 68.5 Aerial view of Capernaum Franciscan site. 166 68.6 The Kefar 'Othnay Christaeum; mosaic floor and inscriptions. 176 68.7 City plan of Dura-Europos. 184 68.8 Plan of the private house and the renovated assembly house. 186-187 68.9 The depiction of women and a building in Room 6. 191 68.10 Depictions of Jesus healing a paralyzed man, Jesus walking on water with Peter, and Jesus as shepherd, all found in Room 6. 192 68.11 Depiction of a woman at a well, Room 6. 193 CHAPTER 69 69.1 The good shepherd. 206 69.2 Ritual dining. 210 69.3 Jonah Cycle. 212 69.4 Noah. 214 69.5 Abraham and Isaac. 215 69.6 Lazarus. 217 CHAPTER 70 70.1 Coin (RIC VII 19) with Constantine on one side and a labarum crowned by a chi-rho spearing a serpent on the other. 232 CHAPTER 71 71.1 Ossuary cross. 238 71.2 The wall-cross in a Pompeii bakery. 240 71.3 Graffito of vivit cross. 240 71.4 Staurogram. 241 71.5 Cross in wreath. 242 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xiv 71.6 Rufina inscription 243 245 71.7 Becatti's line drawings. the name lesus. 246 71.8 Intersecting patterns of arrangements containing 71.9 Patterns 3 and 4. 246 CHAPTER 72 72.1 The bomos-shaped remains of Abercius's tomb. 252 72.2 The bomos-shaped remains of Alexander's tomb. 252 72.3 Decoration of garland-wreath, side panel of Abercius's bomos. 258 72.4 Attis and Cybele and their thiasos. 259 72.5 Licinia Amias epitaph. 266 CHAPTER 73 73.1 Fishing scene, Roman mosaic from the pavement of a funerary chamber in the Necropolis of Hermes, Sousse. 272 73.2 Detail, sarcophagus of Mas D'Aire, St. Quitterie. 272 73.3 Detail, fourth-century Christian sarcophagus from Musee departemental Aries antique. 273 73.4 Detail from the late third-century sarcophagus of Sta. Maria Antiqua, Rome. 273 73.5 Copy of wall painting from the Catacomb of Callixtus. 274 73.6 Early Christian ring with gem. 277 73.7 Grave stele of Licinia Amias. 278 73.8 Engraved carnelian gem showing the crucifixion found at Constanza (Romania). 280 73.9 Sant'Apollinare Classe, apse mosaic, ca. 549 CE. 280 73.10 Diners with fish.