Sp ices fr om the East Papers in languages of eastern Indonesia Grimes, C.E. editor. Spices from the East: Papers in languages of Eastern Indonesia. PL-503, ix + 235 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 2000. DOI:10.15144/PL-503.cover ©2000 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. Also in Pacific Linguistics Barsel, Linda A. 1994, The verb morphology of Mo ri, Sulawesi van Klinken, Catherina 1999, A grammar of the Fehan dialect of Tetun: An Austronesian language of West Timor Mead, David E. 1999, Th e Bungku-Tolaki languages of South-Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia Ross, M.D., ed., 1992, Papers in Austronesian linguistics No. 2. (Papers by Sarah Bel1, Robert Blust, Videa P. De Guzman, Bryan Ezard, Clif Olson, Stephen J. Schooling) Steinhauer, Hein, ed., 1996, Papers in Austronesian linguistics No. 3. (Papers by D.G. Arms, Rene van den Berg, Beatrice Clayre, Aone van Engelenhoven, Donna Evans, Barbara Friberg, Nikolaus P. Himmelmann, Paul R. Kroeger, DIo Sirk, Hein Steinhauer) Vamarasi, Marit, 1999, Grammatical relations in Bahasa Indonesia Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in grammars and linguistic descriptions, dictionaries and other materials on languages of the Pacific, the Philippines, Indonesia, Southeast and South Asia, and Australia. Pacific Linguistics, established in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund, is associated with the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at The Australian National University. The Editorial Board of Pacific Linguistics is made up of the academic staff of the School's Department of Linguistics. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications are drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Publications are refereed by scholars with relevant expertise who are usually not members of the editorial board. The 470 publications before Publication 501 were numbered in four series, A, B, C and D, but the series were merged from the beginning of the year 2000 because the rationale for them had gradually disappeared. FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: Malcolm D. Ross and Darrell T. Tryon (Managing Editors), John Bowden, Andrew K. Pawley Pacific Linguistics 503 Spices from the East Papers in languages of eastern Indonesia edited by Charles E. Grimes Pacific Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University Canberra Published by Pacific Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Copyright © The authors First published 2000 National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Grimes, Charles E. (ed.) Spices from the East : Papers in languages of eastern Indonesia Bibliography. ISBN 0 85883 460 X 1. Austronesian. 2. Central Malayo-Polynesian, Maluku, SE Sulawesi. 3. Dialectology. 4. Phonology. 5. Reduplication. 6. Sociolinguistics. 1. Australian National University. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies. Pacific Linguistics. II. Title. (Pacific Linguistics 503) 499.22 Copyedited and Typeset by Becky Quick Printed by ANU Printing Service, Canberra Bound by F & M Perfect Bookbinding, Canberra Table of contents List of maps vi List of tables VI List of figures vii 1 Introduction: new information filling old gaps in eastern Indonesia 1-8 Charles E. Grimes 2 A phonological sketch of the Selaru language 9-54 David Coward and Naomi Coward 3 Tukang Besi dialectology 55-72 Mark Donohue 4 Defining speech communities on Buru Island: a look at both 73-103 linguistic and non-linguistic factors Charles E. Grimes 5 The languages of Wetar: recent survey results and word lists, 105-129 with notes on Tugun grammar Bryan Hinton 6 The morphology of Dobel, Am, with special reference 131- 180 to reduplication Jock Hughes 7 A phonological description of Fordata 181-235 Craig Marshall v Maps, tables and fi gures Maps Chapter 1 Eastern Indonesia and East Timor ix Chapter 2 Selaru-speaking towns in the Tanimbar Islands 10 Chapter 3 The Tukang Besi language 56 Chapter 4 Map 1: Central Maluku, eastern Indonesia 76 Map 2: Regentschaps still recognised on Buru Island in 1991 79 Map 3: Regentschaps on Buru Island in 1840 79 Map 4: Kecamatans on Buru Island 81 Map 5: Traditional territorial divisions on Buru 81 Map 6: Locations referred to in this paper 83 Map 7: Immigrant communities on Buru 95 Map 8: Major dialects of the Buru language 96 Map 9: Probable language picture on Buru around 1600 100 Chapter 5 Map 1: The dialects of Wetar Island from Riedel (1886) 106 Map 2: The languages of Wetar Island, 1989 survey 108 Chapter 6 The central Aru Islands, showing the dialects of Dobel and the closely related Koba language 132 Chapter 7 The Tanimbar Islands, showing the Fordata language area 184 Tables Chapter 2 Table 1: Consonantal and Glide System 12 Table 2: Vowel System 12 Table 3: Feature Chart 12 Table 4: Association rules for Selaru 26 vi VII Table 5: Selaru syllable patterns 31 Table 6: Simplified Selaru syllable patterns 32 Table 7: Sequence limitations for consonants 35 Table 8: Sequence limitations for vowels 35 Table 9: Verb subject-prefixes 38 Table 10: The genitive possessive enclitics 42 Figures Chapter 3 Figure 1: Lexicostatistic results 57 Figure 2: Sound changes 58 Figure 3: Allophonic and phonemic differences 58 Figure 4: Examples of the sound correspondences 59 Chapter 4 Figure 1: Status of speech communities of Buru Island 74 Figure 2: Percentages of lexical similarity on Buru 83 Figure 3: Reduced matrix of major groupings 84 Figure 4: Differences in vocabulary among Buru dialects 85-86 Figure 5: Split of PAn *u to Buru lui and 101 87 Figure 6: Vowel harmony of back vowels 87 Figure 7: Reflexes of Pan *p in Buru dialects 87 Figure 8: Items reflecting Pan *p in Buru dialects 87 Figure 9: Population estimates for speech varieties of Buru 94 Chapter 5 Figure 1: Classification of Wetar dialects, from Wurm and Hattori, eds 108 Figure 2: Lexical similarity of Wetar word lists 111 Figure 3: Tree diagram of We tar languages III Figure 4: Talur possessive construction 112 Figure 5: Tugun consonants 115 Figure 6: Tugun pronouns and subject agreement forms 116 Chapter 6 Figure 1: Dobel consonants 133 Figure 2: Dobel vowels 134 Figure 3: Syllable structure 135 Figure 4: Dobel pronominal systems 140 Figure 5: Free pronouns 141 viii Figure 6: Demonstratives (used in lieu of 3s and 3p pronouns) 141 Figure 7: Actor proclitics, first allomorph set 141 Figure 8: Actor proclitics, second allomorph set 141 Figure 9: Undergoer enclitics 142 Figure 10: Genitive suffixes 144 Figure 11: Paradigms of inalienably possessed nouns 145 Figure 12: Inalienably possessed nouns occurring only in the third person 145 Figure 13: General possession words 146 Figure 14: Split-S in Dobel 147 Figure 15: Irregular verbs with portmanteau actor proclitics 152 Figure 16: Classifiers for whole objects 158 Figure 17: Classifiers for parts of a group of objects 159 Figure 18: Prepositions and verbal cognates 160 Chapter 7 Figure 1: variations between the four Fordata dialects 183 Figure 2: Fordata consonants 185 Figure 3: Vowels 190 Figure 4: Reduplicated words with V.V sequence 195 Figure 5: Vowel sequences 196 Figure 6: Co-occurrence restrictions 197 Figure 7: Genitive enclitic suffixes 198 Figure 8: Subject-person marking prefix paradigms 205 Figure 9: Irregular verbs 210 Figure 10: Transitional epenthetic consonant 210 Figure 11: It! -> In! 212 Figure 12: Affixation, copying and association 220 Figure l3: Phoneme-driven process 220 Figure 14: Template-driven process 221 Figure 15: Reduplicating CVVC stems 223 Figure 16: Full reduplication 224 IX 122' 12S' 134' Toma"a�o� aheraMorotai Tr:klre 0 Equator 00 �� o r-----, �ak � COb? MiS � � � L-----:::::::::r:::::4 Irian Jaya oJ 00 �Banda Kei �)IS Salayar� c> (Soneral' -0 q oKaJaotoa ;4animbar Is LJ Ro� Eastern Indonesia and East Timor (Central Malayo-Polynesian languages framed) Grimes, C.E. editor. Spices from the East: Papers in languages of Eastern Indonesia. PL-503, ix + 235 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 2000. DOI:10.15144/PL-503.cover ©2000 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. 1 Introduction: new information filling old gaps in eastern Indonesia CHARLES E. GRIMES The papers in this volume are, in a very real sense, filling gaps in our knowledge of the languages of eastern Indonesia. While most papers can claim to fill a gap of some sort, very little has been published to date concerning the languages covered in this volume. The papers are arranged alphabetically by author. The regions covered by the papers in this volume (moving from west to east), Tukang Besi, Bum, Wetar, Selaru, Fordata, and Am, are located in the map. David Coward and Naomi Coward's 'A phonological sketch of the Selam language', while providing a detailed phonological description of a complex language, also contributes to our understanding of natural classes in phonology by presenting a strong case for the need (in Selaru) to treat a class of glides (G) differently from the class of vowels (V) and consonants (C) on the basis of their unique distributional behaviour. These glides do not interact with the skeletal CV-tier until the morphemes of which they are a part are placed in the context of other morphemes in an utterance. pnly then are they interpreted as a C or V.I While for some languages in the Timor-south-western Maluku region one could perhaps claim that certain combinations of subject prefixes with verb roots trigger segmental metathesis, this Coward and Coward paper demonstrates that for Selaru such a phenomenon is more appropriately characterised as a spreading of features in an autosegmental model.