DOCUMENT RESUME ED 109 039 SO 008 469 AUTHOR Heitzmann, Wm. Ray TITLE Two if by Sea: America's Maritime Heritage and the Social Studies Teacher. PUB DATE 74 NOTE 32p.; Paper presented at the state convention of the Pennsylvania Council for the Social Studies (Hershey, Pennsylvania, April 16, 1975) AVAILABLE FROMWm. Ray Heitzmann, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085 ($.5-0) 'EDRs pRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$1.95 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS American Studies; *Annotated Bibliographies; Course Descriptions; *Curriculum Development; Elementary .Secondary Education; Foreign Policy; Inquiry Training; Interdisciplinary Approh; Oceanology; *Seamen; *Social Studies; Social Stu es Units; *United States History IDENTIFIERS Bicentennial; *Maritime Studies 'ABSTRACT In the first part of this document, teachers are urged to include United States' maritime history in planning social studies courses, 'units, and lessons. After a rationale for teaching the study.of the sea, ways in which this topic can be used as content are briefly discussed. For example, units can be developed around the ship building industry, ports, fishing industry, and naval technology. American maritime heritage offers alternatives in instructional strategies whether product or process oriented. Suggestions are given for designing a unit using inquiry strategies, lectures, and current events. The topic also lends itself .to an interdisciplinary approach. The major portion of the work presents an annotated bibliography of materials,\sources, and references. Included are lists of periodicals, museums, and books which provide information on American's maritime, history. (Author/DE) Documents acquired ky ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EMS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. * *********************************************************************** EA:America MM a .Maritime /MO ritage and.. the MN .11/M Mal NN .1.1 BM 2 2 social IIM dies" Teacher or, n , MP 4.75O Oil WO " le. so *4 . C711 an... OM ...124.5""' I." '''' 1 2, AN AN IM CNC Ch "" ""m. .0 SO* ) mm 1 . 4."..11. 4.." Sir' , U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, C:1.1.... , '4. -' EDUCATION L WELFARE 1 7, 1, a, " ... :O. , ISO YY NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF a '' ' 11, ms1 EDUCATION IN. .ide wM ro .0. THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO . .10 .,...04 1 12. ,0 . t . 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A... /Mb. ......"A : A.L'. .....h 4"...m.h. ...OM,..,..,........ 1 , ; , Le. -....r I MM.., (411 - " ;: ",.: - S,%-. i'N 4 ...-.? 2.11.. .i.......... `1,...)':".4 :.%A.7.)1....... , 0 m: 00004 4' '4". 4. a...d 11411.4Mn re . w ....43.% :4NN YLVANIA COUNCIL "I...A-. FOR THE t.,r'.-4.p':.:1' 2 IA SOCIAL STUDIES STATE ONVENTION4....:eii,...:4;-; AP IL \i. 6,197z57jiEFis ,,, qY,A'PAs _.. _= TWO IF BY SEA: AMERICA'S MARITIME HERITAGE AND THE SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHER WIL-Ray Heitimann Villanova University In an era of increasing pressures upon the social stud- ies curriculum to include studies of topics previously ignored, the curriculum specialist and classroom teacher should be alert to include our country's maritime history in planning courses, units and lessons. A moment's reflection shbuld remind the social studies teacher of the role the seas and in-land waters have played and continue to play in the lives of peoples and destinies of na- tions. In a world in which water covers nearly three fourths of the earth's surface, water has naturally contributed to the development of mankind in many ways. Life began in the sea; it has served as the cradle for the early civilizations and existed as a food source as well as a highway for travel, trade and cultural interchange. Historically the sea has been closely involved with the rise and fall of societies, cultures and na- tions. The biblical story of Moses and the opening of the Red Sea forms an important part of Judaic-Christian tradition; im- portant naval battles (the Spanish Armada) have changed the (:) 1974:WRH 0001)3 2 course of history; nations have taken dangerous risks in pursu- ing foreign policies to obtain more favorable strategic hold- ings (Russia--"Windows to the West"). Other societies have justified their position on the pages of history because of their conquest of the sea (Phoencians, Vikings). The situation is unfortunate in that America's maritime heritage has seriously been slighted. In fact, examination of teXtbOdks, course outlines and curriculum guides makes it pain- fully obvious that this topic receives little, if any, atten- tion--in fact if one, using present curriculum materials, were to examine certain periods of American history it would be easy to arrive at the generalization that the United States is a land locked nation. This is iron indeed in that the sea served as the vehicle for the discovery, colonizdtion and de- velopment of our nation. The level of our standard of living, our position as a world power and our cultural heritage are closely linked to the sea. Protagonists of the thesis that the American frontier has shaped the character of her citizens quickly point to Amer- icanisms like "he shoots from the hips" "he's a straight shoot- er" and "he's trigger happy" as partial documentation for their position. So too can the following colloquialisms validate the position that our maritime tradition has shaped our nation and people--"he runs a taut ship," "that was a salty tale," "batten down the hatches," "that took the wind out of his sails," "that, OOUn4 3 was a fish story." CONTEPT There is a wealth of content for the teacher wishing to discuss the contribution of the maritime enterprizes to the de- velopment of AmeriCa.