Basic Aviation Risk Standard Implementation Guidelines Version 5, May 2014 The International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) supports the use of the Basic Aviation Risk Standard (BARS) to improve aviation safety. BARS is specifically aimed at contributing to improved aviation safety in the resource sector and was developed by the Flight Safety Foundation in conjunction with a number of extractive industry companies, including several ICMM member companies. The standard is developed from a risk-based model framed against the actual threats posed to aviation operations which are then directly linked to associated controls and recovery and mitigation measures. BARS is a useful resource for any organization wanting to develop new flight safety requirements or review existing ones. Putting South Africa First “We direct so much of our time and treasure towards the control of risk not because we are timid, but because it allows us to use aviation to do extraordinary things.” Bill Voss, Flight Safety Foundation CEO and President, 2006–2012 BARS IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES Contents A. Introduction ................................................................................................................ xi A.1 Purpose.......................................................................................................... xi A.2 Document Structure ........................................................................................ xi A.3 Variances ....................................................................................................... xii B. BARS Audit and Company Operational Review .......................................................... xiii B.1 Two-dimensional Approach to Aviation Assurance ............................................. xiii B.2 BARS Accredited Audit .................................................................................... xiv B.3 Company Specific Operational Review .............................................................. xiv 1.0: All Threats: Common Controls .................................................................................... 1 1.1: Approved Aircraft Operator ............................................................................. 1 1.2: Flight Crew Qualifications, Experience and Recency ........................................... 2 1.3: Flight Crew Check and Training ........................................................................ 3 1.4: Maintenance Personnel Qualification ............................................................... 7 1.5: Maintenance Training ...................................................................................... 8 1.6: Basic Aircraft Equipment Fit ............................................................................. 8 1.7: Drug and Alcohol Policy ................................................................................... 9 1.8: Flight Time Limits ............................................................................................ 9 1.9: Flight Crew Duty Time ..................................................................................... 10 1.10: Maintenance Duty Time .................................................................................. 11 1.11: Aircraft Operator Safety Management System .................................................. 12 1.12: Accident and Incident Notification ................................................................... 13 1.13: Operational Risk Assessment ........................................................................... 13 1.14: Sub-chartering Aircraft .................................................................................... 14 2.0: Runway Excursions...................................................................................................... 15 2.1: Airfield and Helipad Design ............................................................................. 16 2.2: Airfield Inspections ......................................................................................... 17 2.3: Landing Site Assessments ................................................................................ 17 2.4: Balanced Field Length ..................................................................................... 18 2.5: Balanced Field Length – No Performance Charts ................................................ 19 2.6: Destination Weather Reporting ........................................................................ 20 2.7: Slope guidance ............................................................................................... 20 Page iii 3.0: Fuel Exhaustion ........................................................................................................... 21 3.1: Fuel Check...................................................................................................... 22 3.2: Flight Plan Weather Data ................................................................................. 23 3.3: Flight Plan ...................................................................................................... 23 3.4: Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Fuel Plan ............................................................. 24 3.5: Visual Flight Rules (VFR) Fuel Plan .................................................................... 25 3.6: Hot Refueling ................................................................................................. 25 4.0: Fuel Contamination ..................................................................................................... 28 4.1: Fuel Testing .................................................................................................... 28 4.2: Fuel Filtration ................................................................................................. 29 4.3: Fuel Sampling ................................................................................................. 29 4.4: Fuel Storage ................................................................................................... 30 4.5: Drummed Fuel ................................................................................................ 31 5.0: Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) ........................................................................... 32 5.1: Night or Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) – Two Crew Operations ............................ 33 5.2: Special VFR Procedures ................................................................................... 34 5.3: Night or IFR – Aircraft ..................................................................................... 34 5.4: Night or IFR – Flight Planning .......................................................................... 34 5.5: Night or IFR – Simulator Training ...................................................................... 35 5.6: Night or IFR – Approach/Landing Recency ......................................................... 35 5.7: Night or IFR – Autopilot .................................................................................. 36 5.8: Stabilized Approaches ..................................................................................... 37 5.9: Mandatory Go-around Procedures .................................................................... 38 5.10: Flight Data Monitoring .................................................................................... 39 5.11: Multi-crew Operations .................................................................................... 40 5.12: CRM/ADM Training .......................................................................................... 40 5.13: Terrain Awareness Warning System (TAWS) ....................................................... 41 6.0: Incorrect Loading ........................................................................................................ 42 6.1: Passenger Weight .......................................................................................... 43 6.2: Cargo Weight and Loading .............................................................................. 44 6.3: Load and Trim Calculations .............................................................................. 44 6.4: Manifest ........................................................................................................ 45 6.5: Dangerous Goods Cargo (Hazardous Materials) ............................................... 46 6.6: Passenger Briefing .......................................................................................... 47 6.7: Multi-language Briefing .................................................................................. 48 Page iv 7.0: Collision on Ground .................................................................................................... 49 7.1: Passenger Terminal Area ................................................................................. 49 7.2: Designated Freight Areas ................................................................................ 50 7.3: Passenger Control ........................................................................................... 50 7.4: Ground Procedures ......................................................................................... 51 7.5: Rotors Running Load/Unload ........................................................................... 51 7.6: Parking Apron ................................................................................................. 52 7.7: Perimeter Fence .............................................................................................