“Nga Tapuwae O Hotumauea” MAORI LANDMARKS ON RIVERSIDE RESERVES Management Plan April 2003 This Management Plan has been prepared by Hamilton City Council in partnership with Nga Mana Toopu O Kirikiriroa Limited (NaMTOK), Resource and Cultural Consultants. “Nga Tapuwae O Hotumauea” Maori Landmarks on Riverside Reserves Management Plan ISBN 0-9582440-0-6 Published by: Parks and Gardens Unit Hamilton City Council Municipal Offices Garden Place Private Bag 3010 Hamilton New Zealand. Ph 0064 7 8386622 2 Contents 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Preparation of this Management Plan ............................................................ 5 1.2 The Purpose of this Plan ................................................................................ 5 1.3 Introducing the Sites ..................................................................................... 6 2.0 Legislation and Planning Policy Framework .................................................... 6 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Reserves Act 1977 ........................................................................................ 7 2.2.1 Riverside Reserves Management Plan (1997) ................................................. 8 2.3 Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) ....................................................... 8 2.4 Historic Places Act 1993 ................................................................................ 9 2.5 Hamilton City Proposed District Plan ............................................................. 9 2.5.1 Recreation Environment: ............................................................................. 10 2.5.2 Recreation General: .................................................................................... 10 2.5.3 Recreation Major: ....................................................................................... 10 2.5.4 Overlays: .................................................................................................... 10 2.6 Hamilton’s Strategic Plan 2002-12 .............................................................. 11 2.7 Hamilton’s Recreation and Leisure Plan 2002-2012 ..................................... 12 2.8 Hamilton’s Walkway Strategy ..................................................................... 13 3.0 Objectives and Policies ................................................................................ 14 3.1 Riverside Reserves Management Plan (1997) Objectives and Policies: .......... 14 3.2 Tikanga Maori - Objectives and Policies:...................................................... 15 4.0 Arrival of Europeans at Kirikiriroa ................................................................. 18 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 18 4.2 Kirikiriroa: Maori Settlement ........................................................................ 18 4.3 The Waikato Land Wars (1863-1864) ......................................................... 19 4.4 Military settlement in Hamilton ................................................................... 20 5.0 Traditional Pa and Villages ........................................................................... 23 5.1 Definition of Pa, Papakainga, Marae, and Urupa ......................................... 23 5.1.1 Pa............................................................................................................... 23 5.1.2 Papakainga ................................................................................................. 24 5.1.3 Marae ........................................................................................................ 24 5.1.4 Urupa ......................................................................................................... 24 5.2 Construction of Pa along the River .............................................................. 25 5.3 Disputes between Neighbouring Pa ............................................................. 26 6.0 Tangata Whenua .......................................................................................... 28 6.1 Ngati Wairere ............................................................................................. 28 6.2 Ngati Koura ................................................................................................ 29 6.3 Ngati Hanui ................................................................................................ 30 6.4 Ngati Ngamurikaitaua ................................................................................. 31 6.5 Ngati Parekirangi ........................................................................................ 31 6.6 Ngati Iranui ................................................................................................ 31 3 6.7 Ngati Waikai ............................................................................................... 32 6.8 Ngati Te Ao ................................................................................................ 32 6.9 Ngati Paretaua ............................................................................................ 32 6.10 Ngati Haumi ............................................................................................... 32 7.0 Maori Landmarks on Riverside Reserves ....................................................... 33 7.1 Te Totara .................................................................................................... 34 7.2 Pukete Pa ................................................................................................... 36 7.3 Te Owhango Pa .......................................................................................... 39 7.4 Matakanohi Pa ........................................................................................... 41 7.5 Te Tupari Pa ............................................................................................... 43 7.6 Waitawhiriwhiri Urupa ................................................................................ 45 7.7 Kirikiriroa Pa ............................................................................................... 47 7.8 Opoia Pa .................................................................................................... 50 7.9 Urupa (Unnamed) ....................................................................................... 53 7.10 Te Rapa Pa ................................................................................................. 55 7.11 Te Kourahi Pa ............................................................................................. 59 7.12 Te Moutere O Koipikau Pa .......................................................................... 61 7.13 Te Nihinihi Pa ............................................................................................. 63 7.14 Te Parapara Pa............................................................................................ 65 7.15 Unnamed Pa (Hammond Park) .................................................................... 67 7.16 Te Pa O Ruamutu ....................................................................................... 69 7.17 Mangaonua Pa ........................................................................................... 72 References: .............................................................................................................. 74 Appendix 1 – Location Plan .................................................................................... 77 Appendix 2 - Structures found inside Pa .................................................................... 79 Appendix 3 - Protocols for undertaking earthworks ................................................... 84 Appendix 4 – Obituary of Waharoa Te Puke ........................................................... 87 4 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Preparation of this Management Plan Hamilton City Council has prepared this plan in partnership with Nga Mana Toopu O Kirikiriroa. Nga Mana Toopu O Kirikiriroa is a coalition of local hapu representatives formed in 1995. The committee was mandated by local kaumatua (elders) and marae for dealing with Article II issues under the Treaty of Waitangi, and all matters pertaining to the Resource Management Act 1991. Nga Mana Toopu O Kirikiriroa has the localised knowledge of the land, its history, customary values and precepts. Nga Mana Toopu O Kirikiriroa also has the ability to identify issues effecting local hapu who hold customary rights as Mana Whenua by identifying and providing mitigation solutions. Present day Kaumatua of all of the hapu represented in this plan are trustees of Nga Mana Toopu O Kirikiriroa. They are: • Mr Hare Puke: Ngati Wairere • Mr John Haunui: Ngati Mahuta • Mr Wiremu Tamihana and Mr Anaru Thompson: Ngati Haua • Mr Wally Clarke: Ngati Koroki • Mr Frank Puhi: Ngati Tamainupo 1.2 The Purpose of this Plan This Management Plan has been prepared to assist in the management of traditional Maori landmarks. These sites are situated on reserves along the Waikato River within Hamilton City boundary. All parks administered under the Reserves Act 1977 require a management plan under Section 41 of the Act. Hamilton’s riverside reserves have been included in the Riverside Reserves Management Plan adopted by Council 1997. That management plan suggested that further specificity