ARCHITECTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS CASE STUDY: FOLK ART MUSEUM BUILDING SONARGAON, BANGLADESH By Qudsia Aziz, B.Arch A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Architecture School of Architecture Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2005, Qudsia Aziz Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 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ABSTRACT Heritage buildings and cities provide us with strong visual documents pertaining to regional history and form, comprising the basis of local culture. In the contemporary world scene, the built form cultural heritage seems to be generally ignored into oblivion. The example of Bangladesh as a small country with rich traditions, cultural heritage and long historical background is studied as a case from the viewpoint of Canadian heritage preservation practices. This thesis articulates the process of transformation as the vehicle for adaptive reuse of heritage buildings in our contemporary condition. It includes the investigation of events, theories and methods of transformation in the context of Canadian contemporary practice. Examples of contemporary Canadian projects a re studied in the transformation and integration of the old with the new to parallel the scenario observed in Bangladesh. iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am grateful to all those who have directly or indirectly helped me in the preparation of this thesis. I am greatly indebted to Prof. Greg Andonian for his constant guidance, active help, valuable suggestions with ideas and criticism, and inspiration all through the time of carrying out this thesis work. I would like to offer my gratitude to Professors Lucie Fontein, Kelly Crossman and Herb Stovel for their help and cooperation. I would like to express my sincere and deep appreciation to Architect Julian Smith, Architect Barry Padolsky and Stuart Lazear (Heritage Planner, City of Ottawa) for their valuable time and for allowing me to conduct interviews and providing valuable information. I am grateful to Louise McGugan, Barry Craig (CMHC), Anna Buchon (Moriyama & Teshima architects), Nancy Dunton of CCA, and Peter Elliot for their endless support and inspiration. Thanks to Sadia Akhter, Hasan Khurshid and Jolly for their enormous help and assistance. Finally, I acknowledge an enormous debt to my family; especially my husband Khaled Khurshid and my parents, for their patience, encouragement and support during the preparation of this thesis. iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv TABLE OF CONTENT v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1: Preamble 1 1.2: Area of Interest 1 1.3: Research Approach 3 1.4: Methodology 5 CHAPTER 2: HERITAGE PRESERVATION & THE CONCEPT OF 8 TRANSFORMATION 2.1: Modern Concern about Preserving Built Heritage 8 2.1.1: Impact of Technology 10 2.1.2: Saving Cultural Identity 11 2.1.3: Learning from the Past 12 2.2: Concept of the Work of Art and Their Conservation Theories 12 2.2.1: Early Concepts of the Work of Art 13 2.2.2: Additions of Age Values and New Value Judgements 14 2.3: Formulating the Concept of Transformation - Adaptive Reuse 20 of Heritage Buildings CHAPTER 3: ARCHITECTURE AS LIVING PROCESS AND 22 TRANSFORMATION 3.1: Concept of Permanence in Monumentality 24 3.2: Concept of Permanence in Memorials 27 CHAPTER 4: DEFINING TRANSFORMATON 29 4.1: Defining Functionality 30 4.2: Transformation of Idea of Form 37 4.3: Transformation Beyond Form and Function 41 v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. 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CHAPTER 5: PRACTICE OF TRANSFORMATION IN CANADIAN 42 CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE 5.1: Canadian Consciousness Regarding Heritage Buildings and 42 Transformation 5.2: Case Studies 5.2.1: Ottawa Teachers’ College / Ottawa Carleton Centre 43 Heritage Building 5.2.2: Canadian Centre for Architecture 53 5.2.3: Victoria Memorial Museum Building, Ottawa 63 CHAPTER 6: CONSERVATION PRACTICE IN BANGLADESH 74 6.1: The Bengal Delta 74 6.2: Architecture of the Bengal 74 6.2.1: Early Monumental Architecture 75 6.2.2: Islam in Bengal 75 6.2.3: The Mughal Subah-e-Bangla 76 6.2.4: Bengal and Europe 77 6.2.5: Bengali Modernism 77 6.3: Transformation and Heritage Conservation in Bangladesh 79 6.3.1: Ahsan Manjil 79 6.3.2: Star Mosque 81 6.3.3: Old High Court Building 84 CHAPTER 7: CONCEPT DESIGN OF FOLK ART MUSEUM, 86 SONARGAON 7.1: Historical Sonargaon 86 7.2: Folk Art Museum of Sonargaon 86 7.2.1: Objectives 87 7.2.2: Broad program 88 7.3: Evaluation of Existing Old Folk Art Museum Building 90 7.3.1: History 90 7.3.2: Architectural Style 90 7.3.3: Craftsmanship and Materiality 94 7.4: Concept Design 95 7.4.1: Evaluation of Present Situation 95 7.4.2: Program 99 7.4.3: Design Approach 100 7.4.4: Reflection 107 vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION 109 FOOTNOTES 114 GLOSSARY 116 APPENDICES 121 Appendix A: FHBRO Code of Practice 121 Appendix B: FHBRO Evaluation Criteria - Architecture 123 Appendix C: Heritage Conservation Principles 127 Appendix D: History of Sonargaon 132 Appendix E: Questionnaire Survey 141 Appendix F: Interviews 142 Appendix G: Process of Transformation 143 Appendix H: Graphics 145 BIBLIOGRAPHY 163 v ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS: Figure Description Page No Fig 1 The front of Wells Cathedrals Chapte 2, page 18 Fig 2 San Francisco Ferry Building interior (Old) Chapte 3, page 22 Fig 3 San Francisco Ferry Building interior (New) Chapte 3, page 22 Fig 4 San Francisco Ferry Building interior (New) Chapte 3, page 22 Fig 5 Palazzo Della Ragione, Padua, Italy Chapte 3, page 25 Fig 6 Palazzo Della Ragione, Padua, Italy Chapte 3, page 26 Fig 7 Palazzo Della Ragione, Padua, Italy Chapte 3, page 26 Fig 8 Exterior, column and arch details, Alhambra in Chapte 3, page 26 Granada Fig 9 Courtyard facade overview and reflection, Chapte 3, page 26 Alhambra in Granada Fig 10 Exterior wall, arch, tower, Alhambra in Granada Chapte 3, page 26 Fig 11 Santa Fe’s old State Capitol building (Before) Chapte 4, page 31 Fig 12 Santa Fe’s old State Capitol building (After) Chapte 4, page 31 Fig 13 Ottawa’s Wallis House before (as hospital) Chapte 4, page 33 Fig 14 Ottawa’s Wallis House before (as hospital) Chapte 4, page 33 Fig 15 Ottawa’s Wallis House (After as condominium) Chapte 4, page 34 Fig 16 Wallis House corridor, sketch by Julian Smith Chapte 4, page 35 Fig 17-18 Wallis House interior after renovation Chapte 4, page 35 Fig 19-20 Wallis House interior after renovation Chapte 4, page 36 Fig 21-23 Museum of Castelvecchio at Verona (1956 -64) Chapte 4, page 40 Fig 24 Aerial view of Ottawa Teacher’s College, Chapte 5, page 44 (source Moriyama & Teshima Architects) v iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Fig 25 Ottawa Teacher’s College, site plan Chapte 5, page 44 Fig 26 Ottawa Teacher’s College 1961-62 (University Chapte 5, page 44 of Ottawa Archieve) Fig 27 Ottawa Teacher’s College (University of Ottawa Chapte 5, page 44 Archieve) Fig 28 Ottawa Teacher’s College, Roof plan Chapte 5, page 45 Fig