Darhadyn Wetland in Mongolia Synthesis Investigation on Ecosystems Editor Hideo Nishida / Tseden Jamsran © Mongolia Ecology Information Center Director of investigation, Chief Editor: Hideo Nishida Professor of Graduate School of Kanazawa Gakuin University, Japan Guest Professor of Mongolia State University of Education,Mongolia 1963:Tokyo University of Science- department of science graduation 1970-77: A leader of pollution opposition movement 1973:Pablished "Ecology of Wetland"from Uchida Roukakuho Co.Ltd. 1984;Awarded a grant for "National Wetland environmental research by remote sensing and a study of the evaluation system" from Toyota foundation. 1986;Cnferred Doctor of engineering in "A study of statistical evaluation method of Heavy metals in River sediment" from Tokyo Institute of Technology 1998:Conferred a Honarary doctorate by "Eenvironmental education" from Mongolia State University of Education 2002-8:Awarded a grant for "Thaw survey of the permafrost layer accompanying ecosystem evaluation and the global warming of Darhadyn Wetland" from Fuand for Global Environment. e-mail: [email protected] Editor: Tseden Jamsran Professor of Mongolia National University, Mongolia PhD. Doctor of Science (Dr. Sc.,) 1954-1959, graduated from Moscow State University as a biologist. 1972-1977, has been worked for Mongolian and Germany joint expedition, specifically on research of the plants in area of the Westerm Mongolian High Mountains. 1977-1997, has been worked for joint expedition of the Mongolian National University and Irkutsk State University, and did scientific research on Huvsgul Lake and plants in this area. e-mail: [email protected] Subeditor Subeditor Tomoyuki Sano Masahiro Nakagawa Professor of Himeji Dokkyo Wetland International Japan University, Japan e-mail: masahiro_nakagawa@ e-mail: [email protected] wi-japan.org This booklet was surported by the Grant from the Japan Fund for Global Environment of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency. Coyright © 2009 by Mongolia Ecology Information Center. All rights reserved. ……………………………………………………………………………………. Published by © Mongolia Ecology Information Center, Japan 3-5-902 Konohanacho, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0853, Japan Tel: +81-76-231-5415 Distributor Kinokuniya Co., Ltd., Japan Printing Alex Company, Japan To the people who love nature of Mongolia Contents Preface . 7 Part I Photograph of Darhadyn Wetland 1 . Nature of Darhadyn Wetland . 11 2 . Satellite Photograph 1 . Survey Route of Darhadyn Wetland . 24 2 . Map of Darhadyn Wetland . 25 3 . Contour line of Darhadyn Wetland . 26 4 . Categorize of Near Color . 27 5 . NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) . 28 6 . Ctegorize of Teacher Data . 29 7 . ALOS Data 3 . Motor Paraglider Photograph (by Takashi Morita) . 33 4 . Plant . 47 5 . Mushroom . 83 6. Butterfly and Dragonfly . 119 7 .Animal . 129 Part II Reports of Darhadyn Wetland Introduction . 137 Physical and Chemical Composition Topography Map of Darhadyn Wetland using Landsat Data*2 Tomoyuki Sano & Hideo Nishida . 143 Land Covering Classification of Darhadyn Wetland*2 Tomoyuki Sano & Hideo Nishida . 147 Influence of Permafrost to Natural Environment at Marsh in Darhad valley*1 Kazuo Takeda, Tamir J . & Hideo Nishida . 153 Pingo and Shape of 3-Dimensional Display in the Deed Turuu*2 Tomoyuki Sano, Eiji Sumiya & Hideo Nishida . 159 1 Geoscientific and Ecosystematic Researches of the Darhadyn Wetland Basin, Hovsgol Province, Northern Mongolia Norio Fuji, Khadbaatar S., Ulambayar N. & Nasanjargal E. 165 Ingredient of Soil at Four Points in Darhadyn Wetland Masahiro Nakagawa, Toshie Suzuki & Hidei Nishida . 203 Ground Temperatures at a Delta and Permafrost in Darkhadyn Wetland, Mongolia Masahiro Nakagawa, Tomoyuki Sano, Eiji Sumiya & Hideo Nishida . 209 Air Tempearature over Span at Darhadyn Hotgor*2 Yasuyuki Suzuki & Natsagdorj N. 213 Spring Water Temperature over a Span of One Year at Darhadyn Hotgor*2 Yasuyuki Suzuki & Natsagdorj N. 221 Physical Components and Chemical Compositions of Surface Water and Ground Water in Darkhadyn Khotgor Wetland*2 Narantsogt N ., Yasuyuki Suzuki & Yunden M . 227 Desiccation of Darkhadyn Wetland Tomoyuki Sano & Hideo Nishida . 235 The Flora Normalized Vegetation Index of Darhadyn Wetland*2 Tomoyuki Sano & Hideo Nishida . 245 Flora and Vegetation of Darkhadyn Khotgor Wetland Jamsran Ts . & Nyambayar D . 261 Water Vascular Plants in Some Lakes of Darkhadyn Khotgor Wetlan*3 Jamsran Ts . & Nyambayar S . 253 Steppe and Meadow Plants Nearby of Ulgii Uul Mountain of Darkhadyn Khotgor, Renchinlkhumbe Soum*2 Jamsran Ts., Punsalpaamuu G. & Munguntulga E. 267 Vascular Plants of Darkhadyn Wetlands, Hövsgöl, Mongolia, Collected in August 2005*3 Eisuke Hayasaka . 273 Taxonomic Notes on Saussurea (Asteraceae) of Darhadyn Wetlands, Khuvsgul, Mongolia Eisuke Hayasaka . 281 2 Dominant Vegetation in Talyn Nuur and Other Lake’s Basin in Darkhadyn Khotgor Wetland Punsalpaamuu G ., Namsalov B . B . & Gundegmaa V . 287 Clussfication of the Objects in Wetland by using of RGB Color Image*1 -Analysis of an aerial photogrph which proviied by a Motor Paraglider in Mongoia Darkhadyn Khotgor Hideo Nishida, Tomoyuki Sano, E.Mounguntula . 293 Vegetation Analysis using Air Photo Images by Motor-Paraglider*2 Munguntulga E., Takashi Morita, Tomoyuki Sano & Hideo Nishida . 301 Structure of Vegetation Cover of Talyn Nuur Lake (Darkhadyn Khotgor Wetland) Namzalov B .B ., Tsyrenova M . G . & Muguntulga A . 309 Vegetation Cover of Depression of the Talyn Nuur Lake (Darkhadyn Khotgor, Mongolia)*3 Tsyrenova M .G . & Namzalov B .B . 319 Vegetation Map of Talyn Nuur by Using Paraglider Tmoyuki Sano, Binderiya G ., Takeshi Morita & Hideo Nishida . 325 Vegetation Map of Tovgyn Turuu by Using Paraglider Tomoyuki Sano, Eisuke Hayasaka, Takashi Morita & Hideo Nishida . 329 Floristic Species Composition of Darkhad Valley Jamsran Ts . 335 List of Mushrooms in Darhadyn Wetland Kiyozo Sumiya, Kherlenchimeg N ., Tomoyuki Sano & Hideo Nishida . 353 Forests of Darkhad Depression I Dugarjav Ch., Erdenekhuleg D. & Purevbat N. 357 Forests of Darkhad Depression II Dugarjav Ch. & Tsogt Z. 363 Forest Structure, Composion and Treering Growth of Larch Trees in Darkhadyn Depression, Mongolia*3 Tsogt Z. & Dugarjav Ch. 373 Forest Structure and Composition of Khogorgin Zurkh Mountain in Darkhadyn Depression*3 Tsogt Z., Bolormaa T. & Zolbayar D. 381 3 Ecological Sustainabality forest of Darhadia Enkhsaikhan D. 385 The Fauna Ticks parasitizing the Small Mammal in Darhadyn Wetland Danzan G., Uugantsetseg Ts. & Bolormaa G. 395 Butterflies Phase in the Area of Darhadyn Wetland Hiroyuki Terayama, Teruo Tadokoro, Etsuko Ohzeki & Masanori Itoh . 409 Odonata around Darkhad Valley Tamir J. & Bat-Erdene S. 419 Microhabitats of the Salamander Salamandrella keyserlingii, Inhabiting Darkhadyn Wetland, Mongolia: a 2005 Examination*3 Masato Hasumi, Taivanjargal B., Hongorzul Ts., Masahiro Nakagawa & Hideo Nishida . 429 New Records of the Salamander Salamandrella keyserlingii in Darkhadyn Wetland, Mongolia*3 Masato Hasumi, Hongorzul Ts., Munkhchuluun B., Taivanjargal B., Hurelbaatar E., Uuganbayar A., Tomoyuki Sano & Hideo Nishida . 443 Siberian salamander (Salamandrella keyserlingii) in Darkhadyn Wetland Taivanjargal B. & Hideo Nishida . 449 Fauna of Aquatic Organisms in Darkhadyn Khotgor Depression, Mongolia*2 Masahiro Nagkagawa, Tamir J . & Hideo Nishida . 455 Dominant Fish Species in Darhadyn Wetland and Proposal of Interdisciplinary Approaches for Future Research*3 Masahiro Nakagawa, Takashi Suzuki & Hideo Nishida . 467 The Birds of Darkhadyn Khotgor Tseveenmyadag N ., Tamir J . & Chingel T . 475 The Results of the Study of Darkhad Khotgor Birds and Mammals Tseveenmyadag N., Tamir J., Dorjiev Ts. Z. ＆ Dashanimaev V . M . 489 4 Darkhad Hotgor Area Tailed Gopher Spermophilus undulates (Pallas, 1778) Research Result Javzmaa N . 499 Body Color Variation of Yaks in Darkhadyn Depression*3 Tamir J . 503 Nomads Migration of herders in Darkhad Khotgor (Darhadyn depression, Hovsgol province, Mongolia) Dulamdorj S., Byamba A. & Hideo Nishida . 509 Economic life and Environment awareness of nomadic on Darhadyn Khotgol Yusuke Kobayashi & Hideo Nishida . 515 The Present State of the Medical Care of Nomads resident in the Darhadyn Basin and the Provincial Medical Care in the Near Future Eiji Sumiya, Yusuke Kobayashi & Hideo Nishida . 527 Index . 533 *1 Proceedings: The Research Papers of Darhadyn Wetland in Mongolia, Mongolia Ecology Information Center, 2004 *2 Proceedings: The Research Papers of Darhadyn Wetland in Mongolia II, Mongolia Ecology Information Center, 2005 *3 Proceedings: The Research Papers of Darhadyn Wetland in Mongolia III, Mongolia Ecology Information Center, 2006 ¶ There is a variety names in the Mongolian, Russian and English publications and maps for a single locality ( ex . Darhadyn wetland: Darkhadyn Khotgor; Khovsgol: Hovsgol: Hövsgöl: Huvsgul .) 5 6 Preface Darkhadyn Kohotgor basin is an area which is located in the northwestern part of Mongolia, and consists of the natural special situation. This area consists of the Tiger forest area of Khuvsgul, is located in the southwest part of the large dislocation of Lake Baikal, and has the same origin as the river of Khuvsgul lake or its area. To southwest, this basin continues about 150 km from the northeast, and the width of a northeast part is about 40 km. In this basin, the north and the east side are surround by Sayan mountain range and the Khoridol-Saridag mountain range, and south and the west side are surrounded by