USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-46 1976 NORTHWEST PLANT NAMES AND SYMBOLS FOR ECOSYSTEM INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS FOURTH EDITION PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE PORTLAND, OREGON This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Text errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. CONTENTS Page . INTRODUCTION TO FOURTH EDITION ....... 1 Features and Additions. ......... 1 Inquiries ................ 2 History of Plant Code Development .... 3 MASTER LIST OF SPECIES AND SYMBOLS ..... 5 Grasses.. ............... 7 Grasslike Plants. ............ 29 Forbs.. ................ 43 Shrubs. .................203 Trees. .................225 ABSTRACT LIST OF SYNONYMS ..............233 This paper is basicafly'an alpha code and name 1 isting of forest and rangeland grasses, sedges, LIST OF SOIL SURFACE ITEMS .........261 rushes, forbs, shrubs, and trees of Oregon, Wash- ington, and Idaho. The code expedites recording of vegetation inventory data and is especially useful to those processing their data by contem- porary computer systems. Editorial and secretarial personnel will find the name and authorship lists i ' to be handy desk references. KEYWORDS: Plant nomenclature, vegetation survey, I Oregon, Washington, Idaho. G. A. GARRISON and J. M. SKOVLIN are Assistant Director and Project Leader, respectively, of Paci fic Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station; C. E. POULTON is Director, Range and Resource Ecology Applications of Earth Sate1 1 ite Corporation; and A. H. WINWARD is Professor of Range Management at Oregon State University . and a fifth letter also appears in those instances where a varietal name is appended to the genus and INTRODUCTION species. (3) Some genera symbols consist of four letters or less, e.g., ACER, AIM, GEUM, IRIS, POA, TO FOURTH EDITION RHUS, ROSA. In preparation for this edition an attempt was made to meet the requests of several users of the list for additional common names. Searches for these vernacular terms were not always successful ; indeed, some plants have not as yet acquired an Brief, and easily translated, alpha symbols English language label and a blank follows the are now the accepted "language" or code for use by , = sign. vegetation scientists and those inventorying re- sources of forest and rangeland. These symbols A completely new feature of this listing is a greatly facilitate entering plant species identi- notation of authorship of each scientific name, fication on field sheets and assist subsequent done in the form prescribed by the International computer compilation and analysis of vegetation Rules of Botanical Nomenclature. This tabulation data. Standardization of the symbol list among should be a speedy reference source for scientists, agencies and colleges within a multistate area technicians, writers, editors and advanced students. makes it easier to adapt college students to sumner fieldwork of several agencies and makes Partitioning of the plant symbol list by growth feasible the pooling of vegetation data from form is retained in this edition, i.e. , separate various institutions agencies, and locations sections for grasses, grasslike plants (sedges and in a region. The code system presented here is rushes) , forbs , shrubs , and trees. Workers needing accepted usage for many government agencies and growth-form designators for computer work wi11 find university research workers in Oregon, Washington, this problem best handled by adding a numeric code and Idaho. on the basic data sheet such as the field plot form. A number can be added just ahead of each alpha symbol Features and Additions by using the following scheme: This fourth\edition of plant coding for Oregon, 1 = Grass Washington, and Idaho now updates the listings with 2 = Grasslike plant hundreds of additional plant names and has been checked against the latest taxonomic works for the 3 = Forb (broad-leaved herbs plus ferns and three-State area. The current listing maintains allied families) the basic four-letter system of symbol selection 4 = Shrub with the following standard variations: 5 = Tree (1) A single digit number appears as a suffix to the alpha symbol for certain species to resolve 6 = Moss potential duplication of symbols. A section is again provided for locating new (2) A fifth letter is part of most symbols valid names of species whose old names have dropped which designate a genus without indicating species, into synonymity. The user of the publication is 1 alerted about synonyms by a numeric code on the Little, Elbert L. , Jr. far right side of each page of tabular material, 1953. Check list of native and naturalized and it instructs the reader thus: trees of the United States (including Alaska). U.S. Department of Agricul- 1 = Name 1 isted is a synonym, new name wi11 ture Handbook No. 41. be found in the synonymy section under the same genus; only the species name There were some plant species in southeast has changed. and southwest portions of the province which were not covered by Hitchcock et al. In these instances, 2 = Name 1 isted is a synonym, new Val id name other manuals were consulted such as: will be found in the synonymy section with a shift in genus shown. Munz, Philip A., and David D. Keck. 1970. A flora of California. University Blank = Name listed is valid. of California Press, Berkeley. Almost all of the synony problems involved in Davis, Ray J. using this listing could be eliminated if main ' 1952. Flora of Idaho. William C. Brown dependence for species identification is on the Co., Dubuque, Iowa. single volume "Flora of the Pacific Northwest" or the five-volume work, Vascular Plants of the Four subspecies were added to the woody group Pacific Northwest." But if the user of the code of sagebrush .(Artemisia spp.) by A. H. Winward, 0 list lacks either of these works by C. Leo Hitch- using the sagebrush classification scheme of Beetle cock et al., the synonym list is very helpful. and Young, which was developed in their publications: Generally, scientific names in the edition Beetle, A. A. were verified in the following publications: 1960. A study of sagebrush: The section tridentata of Artemisia. Wyomi ng Hitchcock, A. S. Agricul turd1 Experiment Station 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United Bulletin 368. States. Ed. 2 (revised by Agnes Chase). U.S. Department of Agri- Beetle, A. A., and A. Young. culture Miscellaneous Publication 200. 1965. A third subspecies in the Artemisia tridentata compl ex. Rhodora 67 : Hitchcock, C. Leo, Arthur Cronquist, Marion 405-406. Owenby, and J. W. Thompson. 1955-69. Vascular plants of the Pacific Inquiries Northwest. Parts 1-5. University of Wash- ington Press, Seattle. The lists of species shown here plus some sup- plementary information are stored in the files of Hitchcock, C. Leo, and Arthur Cronquist. the Oregon State University Computer Center; thus 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. there are extracts and combinations of information University of Washington Press, from the stored material which are available as Seattle. computer printouts at nominal fees. These special 2 listings are: 1. Scientific names in alphabetical order without respect to the growth form grouping or sequence of symbols. 2. Scientific names with listing controlled by alphabetical order of the alpha symbols. 3. Listing by common names in alphabetical order. 4. A limited listing of just those species whose alpha symbols carry a numeric suffix, the tie breaker. Another option is change of format from this publi- cation to one with any computer data field listed singly or in most any combination or order across the page. Requests for these compilations should be made to the Range1 and Resources Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. From time to time this plant symbol list will be revised to meet changes and advances in plant taxonow. The Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station and Oregon State University, which hold the master data and program for assign- ing plant symbols, will make these revisions. They will also welcome suggestions about addition of new species and the location of possible errors in the current listings. History of Plant Code Development Genesis of plant codes for recording vegetation studies of forests and range1 ands is traceable back to 1912 and involves several notable plant ecologists. This interesting history is given in the introduction to the third edition, entitled, "Northwest Range Plant Symbols." It was published in 1967 by the Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station as Re- search Paper PNW-40. Supply of the third edition is exhausted, although file copies may be seen at certain libraries. 3 MASTER LIST OF SPECIES AND SYMBOLS 5 Grasses 7 SPP. SCIENTIFIC NAME SYN. CODE GENUS NAME SPECIES EPITHET VARIETAL EPITWT SCIEFtTIFIC KAME ALTHORSHIP CODE COMMON kANE AECIL AEGILOPS L. =GOATGRASS A€ CY AE GILOP S CYLINDRICA HOqT- ACROP AGROPYRON GAERTN. =WkE AT GRA SS AMURE NSE DROBOV ACAM AGROPYRON =APUR WHEATGRASS CANIYUH (Lo) BEAUVo ACCA AGROPYRON =CUTTIbG WHEATGRASS AGCAA AGROPYRON CANIYUH A NO INU M (ScRIBNo- & SHITH) Co Lo PITCHC. AGCAC AGROPYRON CANINUH CANINUM (Lo)- BEAUVo AGCAH AGROPYRON CANIYUH HAJUS (VASEY)- Co Lo HITCt'Co AGCR AGROPYRON CRISTA TUH (Le) GAERTNo =FAIRWAY CRE STEO WHEAT GRASS AGOA AGROPYRON CASYST ACHYUM (HC KoI SCKIBNo -pH IC KSP IKE WHE AT GRASS DESERT ORUM SCHULT ACOE AGROPYRON -STA~OARO CRESTEO WHEATGRASS ELONGA TUH HOZT EX BEAUV ACEL AGROPYRON -TiLL hHE ATGkASS I kERM E RY OB 1 AGIN AGROPYRON -B~AROLESSBLUEBUNCH WHEATGRASS NTERM E 01UM (HgST ) BEA V AGIN 2 AGROPYRON I -1NiERPEOyAf E W hE AT BRASS PUN GE N S (PERSO) R. & SO AGPU AGROPYRON -STIFFLEAF QUACKBRAZS RFPEN S (Lo) BEAUV. AGRE AGROPYRON =QUACKGRASS 1 AGRI AGROPYRON R IPA?IUH SCRIeNo SHITH =STRE AHBANK HHE PTGRPSS 1 SAX12 OLA AGSA AGROPYRON pl%"o T A I L w HE ATG R A s s AGSC 2 AbROPYHON SCR 15 N ER I UAZEV sr3121 BEAUVo 1 ACSI AGROPYRON cuq =SIBERIAN WHEATGRASS SHITi RYoa.