Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica 2020, Vol. XXIX, N°1, 1022-1027 1022 DOI: 10.24205/03276716.2020.143 INFLUENCE OF MUSIC APPRECIATION ON SELF-COGNITION OF COLLEGE STUDENTS Sisi Liu* Abstract The appreciation of music is a process involving various psychological changes. This paper aims to disclose the influence of music appreciation on self-cognition of college students. To this end, a random questionnaire survey was carried out on college students from 6 universities in Nanjing, China, collecting information on their daily time, motivation and requirements of music listening. Referring to the relevant literature, the collected data were analyzed in details to identify how and how much music appreciation influences the self-cognition of college students. The results show that music appreciation is a situational factor that positively affects the thinking mode and behavioral pattern of college students; the emotions expressed by music are generally consistent with the psychological status of college students; the type of favorite music reflects the emotion of college students, which is inseparable from their cognitive ability. This research indicates the possibility to regulate self-cognition of college students with music. Key words: Music Appreciation, College Students, Self-Cognition, Countermeasures. Received: 18-02-19 | Accepted: 09-07-19 INTRODUCTION health are related to the whole family and the hope of the society (Bi, Chan, & Torgler, 2019; Music is a jewel of human spiritual civilization Letulė, Ala-Ruona, & Erkkilä, 2018). At present, and an embodiment of emotional art. China's music has a long history of development, leaving music has become more and more popular as an effective way to alleviate psychological stress many handed down masterpieces (Bhatti, Majid, and regulate psychological disorder. Studies Anwar et al., 2016). With the development of have shown that music have obvious effects in economy and society, people's demand for music is increasing day by day. From the helping college students express their emotions and establish a positive outlook on life perspective of audience psychology, different (Karageorghis, Hutchinson, Jones et al., 2013). people have different selection psychology, perception psychology, acceptance psychology As a high-level stage of college students' mental health development, self-cognition is the and group psychology towards music (Saarikallio, self-observation and self-reflection of college Vuoskoski, & Luck, 2014). At present, college students about themselves, including correct students generally have great academic pressure, employment pressure and economic self-evaluation, or effectively regulate the behavior of oneself so as to perfect oneself and pressure. The increasing stress has a great promote self-development, etc. (Colley, Keller, & impact on college students' psychological Halpern, 2017). Music appreciation is a process disorder and cognitive behavior, and college students’ cognitive behavior and psychological of music re-creation, which contains various complicated psychological factors. In this process, the brain's functional structure and Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China. working mechanism can be stimulated, and E-Mail: [email protected] meanwhile the college students are conducting cognitive processing and emotional processing, REVISTA ARGENTINA 2020, Vol. XXIX, N°1, 1022-1027 DE CLÍNICA PSICOLÓGICA 1023 SISI LIU thereby effectively integrating the music content listening time on the self-cognition. Overall, with and the cognitive information (D’Souza, the increase of daily music listening time, college Moradzadeh, & Wiseheart, 2018; Markowitz & students’ self-cognition presents a stable state, Hancock, 2017). The cognitive behavior of but from the perspective of the specific college students is formed in the process of performance of self-cognition, the number of information acquiring, stimulating and college student who “understand very well” and processing. According to current researches, “understand” gradually increases with the music has an important positive impact on increase of the music listening time; in addition, college students' self-cognition (Patston & when the daily music listening time exceeds Osborne, 2015). This paper adopts investigation 10min, college students’ performance of self- and literature review methods to explore the cognition is “understand well”, “not understand” cultivation effect, influence, and and “not understand at all”, and the proportions countermeasures of music appreciation on gradually decrease with the increase of the college students’ self-cognition. music listening time. Figure 1. Survey results of college students' THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC ON COLLEGE self-cognition STUDENTS' SELF-COGNITION Investigation on the influence of music on 50 Male college students' self-cognition Female The self-cognition of college students is 40 formed through information stimulation. The information in music has an important influence on the generation of college students’ self- 30 cognition (Hurme, Puurtinen, & Gruber, 2018; Shih, Chien, & Chiang, 2016). In order to study the 20 influence of music on college students' self- Percentage/% cognition, we used stratified random sampling 10 method to conduct a random questionnaire survey on college students from 6 universities in 0 Nanjing. The subjects of the questionnaire Yes Comparatively yes Not really No Completely no survey were all undergraduate students, a total Self-cognitive psychological status of 600 questionnaires were distributed and 548 copies were retrieved. The survey was Figure 2. The influence of music listening conducted according to the college students’ time on self-cognition daily music-listening time, music-listening motivation and requirement, etc. Figure 1 shows Very understand 45 Understand the survey results of college students' self- More understand cognition, it can be seen from the figure that the 40 Not understand Very ignorant proportion of male students who can have a full 35 cognition of themselves is higher than that of 30 female students, and male students’ self- 25 satisfaction situation is better than that of 20 female students, indicating that male students are more likely to achieve self-satisfaction and Proportion/% 15 self-cognition. 10 It can also be seen from Figure 1 that the 5 proportion of college students who have a good 0 or relatively good self-cognition accounts for ＜5 5-20 20-40 40-60 ＞60 more than 85%. From the perspective of self- Listening to music time/d (min) cognition, college students can have a clear understanding of their psychological and Influence of the psychological process of physiological state, and their cognitive ability is music appreciation on self-cognition good. Figure 2 shows the influence of music College students’ music appreciation is REVISTA ARGENTINA 2020, Vol. XXIX, N°1, 1022-1027 DE CLÍNICA PSICOLÓGICA INFLUENCE OF MUSIC APPRECIATION ON SELF-COGNITION OF COLLEGE STUDENTS 1024 roughly divided into three stages: the initial cognition. The appreciation process of music is aesthetic expectation, the sound and emotional the cultivation and training of students' will, self- experience, and the cognition process. There are value and the pursuit of truth, goodness and no clear boundaries between these three stages. beauty (Van Hedger & Nusbaum, 2018). Figure 3 Some people know songs by the name and some shows the influence of music appreciation time know songs by melody and lyrics. It is because of on college students' self-will, it can be clearly the initial aesthetic attitude that there are seen that with the increase of music follow-up emotional experiences and cognition appreciation time, the self-will of college process. Moreover, college students' music students is gradually increasing, and the increase appreciation constantly changes with their of music appreciation time will better adjust the psychological status. Under the comprehensive psychological emotions of college students, action of various psychological factors, the music thereby enhancing their ability to regulate their appreciation activities will continue to transform behaviors, activities and attitudes. from the simple initial stage to the advanced stage. College students' ability to perceive music Figure 4. Influence of music on college rhythm and melody, and their ability to perceive students' psychological emotion the sound can both express their emotions toward the music, the emotions expressed by 15 music are generally consistent with the Male psychological status of college students in the Female 14 same state. 13 Figure 3. Influence of music appreciation time on college students' self-will 12 11 80 Improve Maintain the status 10 Proportion/% 70 Escape concealment Self-abandonment 9 60 8 50 7 Happy 40 Relaxed Calm Love Joy Complacency Like Reverence Gratitude Positive effects 30 Percentage/% Figure 4 shows the influence of music on 20 college students' psychological emotions. The positive emotions induced by music to college 10 students' self-cognition include happy, relaxed, 0 calm, love, joy, complacent, and like. The ＜5 5-20 20-40 40-60 ＞60 expression of these positive emotions is related Listening to music time/min to gender, it is obvious that the joy and relaxed emotions induced by music to the male students are higher than that to the female students, ENLIGHTENMENT OF CORRECT SELF- while female students’ reverence emotion COGNITION ON MUSIC towards music is higher than the male students. Under normal