IT-06-90-T 36885 D36885 - D36478 03 August 2010 SMS UNITED NATIONS International Tribunal for the Prosecution Case IT-0690T of Persons Responsible for Serious No. Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committedinthe Territoryof the Date 2August 2010 former Yugoslavia since 1991 IN THE TRIAL CHAMBER Before: Judge Alphons Orie, Presiding Judge Uldis Kinis Judge Elisabeth Gwaunza Registrar: Mr. John Hocking Date: 2August 2010 THE PROSECUTOR v. ANTE GOTOVINA IVAN ČERMAK MLADEN MARKAČ PUBLIC PROSECUTION’S PUBLIC REDACTED FINAL TRIAL BRIEF The Office of the Prosecutor: Mr. AlanTieger Counsel for the Accused: Mr. Luka S. Mišetić, Mr. GregoryKehoe andMr. Payam Akhavanfor Ante Gotovina Mr. StephenKayandMs. GillianHiggins for Ivan Čermak Mr. GoranMikuličić andMr. TomislavKuzmanovi} for MladenMarka~ IT-06-90-T 36884 THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Case No. IT-0690T THE PROSECUTOR v. ANTE GOTOVINA IVAN ČERMAK MLADEN MARKAČ PUBLIC PROSECUTION’S PUBLIC REDACTED FINAL TRIAL BRIEF 1. The Prosecution hereby submits its Public Redacted Final Trial Brief with Annexes A to C. The Prosecution’s Final Trial Brief was originally filed confidentially on16July 2010. The redactions inthe Public RedactedFinal Trial Brief seektoprotect confidential material. WordCount: 43 ___________________ AlanTieger Senior Trial Attorney Datedthis 2nd dayof August 2010 The Hague, The Netherlands Case No. IT06-90T 2 2 August 2010 Public IT-06-90-T 36883 Table of Contents I. JOINT CRIMINAL ENTERPRISE .............................................................................................1 A. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................1 B. COMMON CRIMINAL PURPOSE......................................................................................................1 C. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMMON CRIMINAL PURPOSE.............................................................3 1. Forcible Displacement throughthe Commission of Crimes....................................................3 Shelling Attack .............................................................................................................................. 3 Looting and Burning...................................................................................................................... 4 International Appeasement ............................................................................................................ 6 Destruction and Colonization ........................................................................................................ 8 Murderand Cruel Treatment ......................................................................................................... 9 2. Administrative Obstacles toReturn.......................................................................................12 Administrative and Bureaucratic Obstacles................................................................................. 13 No Mass Return Policy................................................................................................................ 13 Property Law Obstacles............................................................................................................... 14 (i) The Decree and Law on the Temporary Takeover of Property .......................................... 14 (ii) Law on Areas of Special State Concern ............................................................................ 16 (iii)Law on the Lease of Flats in the Liberated Territories..................................................... 16 Colonization................................................................................................................................. 17 Subsequent Efforts to Reduce the Serb Population and Block Serb Returns .............................. 18 D. KEY JCE PARTICIPANTS.............................................................................................................18 1. Tu|man ..................................................................................................................................18 2. [u{ak......................................................................................................................................22 3. Jarnjak....................................................................................................................................26 MUP Role in Addressing the Post-Storm Crime Wave............................................................... 27 Jarnjak’s Policy of Inaction ......................................................................................................... 27 Jarnjak’s Failure to Institute Meaningful Measures to Address Crimes Against Serbs and Their Property ....................................................................................................................... 28 Jarnjak’s Steps to Repress the Crime Wave Were Not Targeted at Genuinely Addressing Crimes Against Serbs............................................................................................................ 32 4. Radi} ......................................................................................................................................34 5. ^ervenko................................................................................................................................37 6. Lau{i}.....................................................................................................................................40 7. Norac andCrnjac ...................................................................................................................44 8. Ademi.....................................................................................................................................45 II. GOTOVINA ................................................................................................................................46 A. OVERVIEW OF GOTOVINA’S CRIMINAL LIABILITY .....................................................................46 1. Joint Criminal Enterprise .......................................................................................................46 2. Ordering .................................................................................................................................49 3. Planning .................................................................................................................................50 4. Instigating ..............................................................................................................................50 5. AidingandAbetting...............................................................................................................51 6. Superior Responsibility..........................................................................................................51 7. DiscriminatoryIntent.............................................................................................................52 B. GOTOVINA PLANNED, ORDERED, AND IMPLEMENTED A SHELLING ATTACK ON THE KRAJINA SERBS.......................................................................................................................................52 C. GOTOVINA TOOK NO EFFECTIVE MEASURES TO PREVENT OR STOP INDICTMENT CRIMES.........55 1. Pre-Storm Crimes...................................................................................................................56 2. Gotovina’s AttackOrder ContainedIneffective Measures toPrevent Crimes......................59 3. Gotovina’s Ineffective Response tothe Storm Crime Wave FacilitatedandEncouraged Crimes .................................................................................................................................61 4. Measures Gotovina Could Have Taken.................................................................................75 Case No. IT06-90T i 16July 2010 IT-06-90-T 36882 D. HV DISCIPLINE AND DISCIPLINARY MEASURES .........................................................................77 1. The HV MilitaryDiscipline System ......................................................................................78 2. Available Disciplinary Sanctions for Indictment Crimes ......................................................79 3. Gotovina andhis Subordinate Commanders IgnoredIndictment Crimes .............................81 4. DemobilizationWas Not a Necessaryor Reasonable Measure.............................................83 E. MILITARY POLICE.......................................................................................................................85 1. MP Dual CommandStructure................................................................................................86 Operational Line of Command .................................................................................................... 86 Professional Line of Command ................................................................................................... 87 2. Gotovina’s CommandandControl over the MP ...................................................................88 3. Defence Attempts toDenyGotovina’s Authorityover the MP Are Unpersuasive...............89 Defence Argument 1.................................................................................................................... 89 Defence Argument 2...................................................................................................................