Town of Mount Pleasant Conserva2on Advisory Council Na2ve Plant Resource Guide Introducon to the Guide Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Plants Na)ve Plants Recommended for TriState Area Herbaceous Flowering Perennials, Evergreen Trees, Broadleaf Evergreen Shrubs, Vines, Woody Groundcovers, Shade Trees, Deciduous Flowering Trees Pages 1 - 3 Deer Resistant Na)ve Plants Grasses, Herbaceous Plants, Herbaceous Emergents, Ferns, Vines, Groundcovers, Shrubs, Evergreen Trees, Trees Pages 4 - 5 Edible Frui)ng Trees and Shrubs Na)ve Plants that Aract Birds Shrubs, Trees Page 6 Na)ve Plants that Aract BuEerflies and Hummingbirds Wildflowers, Vines, Shrubs, Trees Sunny Rain Gardens Grasses, Wet-Meadow Herbaceous Page 7 Shady Rain Gardens Ferns, Wetlands, Shrubs and Trees Page 8 Na)ve Plants for Erosion Control Na)ve Trees for Salt Tolerance Evergreen Trees, Flowering Deciduous, Deciduous Shrub, Deciduous Tree Page 9 Na)ve Plants for Bio-reten)on & Vegeta)ve Swales Grasses, Perennials, Small Trees and Shrubs Page 10 Na)ve Plants for Dry Soil Full Sun: Ferns, Wildflowers, Vines, Groundcovers, Shrubs, Trees ParFal to Full Shade: Ferns, Grasses, Shrubs, Trees Page 11 Na)ve Plants for Limestone Soils Trees & Shrubs, Herbaceous Plants, Ferns, Grasses, Vines Page 12 Na)ve Plants for Wetlands-Riparian Areas Trees, Shrubs, Grasses, Perennials, Ferns Page 13 INTRODUCTION TO THE GUIDE Our nave wildlife and plants evolved over thousands of years into a deeply integrated ecosystem of food producers and food consumers. Ecosystems are that complex interdependent relaonship of living things, organic and inorganic material (from microbes to mammals, mountains and rocks) that in healthy combinaon support a chain of life that includes our own. Invasive and non nave plants can disrupt that chain by outcompe'ng and replacing nave species, reducing species diversity and altering natural ecological paerns. There are consequences from the reduc'on or eliminaon of nave species in this chain that we have all come to depend on for clean water, clean air and abundant food. Invasive or non nave vegetaon offers no value in suppor'ng ecosystems but instead do damage as they easily proliferate past his property lines onto neighbors' yards, parkland and other open spaces. This guide is intended to be a comprehensive resource for homeowners and developers interested in suppor'ng the valuable environmental services provided by nave plants in their landscaping plans. It includes a list of vegetaon nave to this region followed by sec'ons where those plants are listed in various landscaping use categories i.e. deer resistant, erosion control, salt tolerant, bird habitat etc. It will serve as a guide toward the important goal of providing environmental services and habitat values for wildlife as well as aesthe'c quali'es. By providing nave habitat to support healthy ecosystems, homeowners can be good backyard environmental stewards on a quarter acre lot every bit as much as an estate or large preserve. Environmentalists, recognizing the inevitable development of open space, calculate that the most promising and largest opportunity for nave plant preservaon may be the perimeter and backyards of subdivision homes. The nave plant op'ons for this "open space," all good alternaves to invasive non naves plants, are available in local nurseries and more informaon is readily available at the Nave Plant Center at Westchester Community College. The Conservaon Advisory Council has noted that most home builders and developers support using nave plan'ngs in their landscaping plans for new construc'on, recognizing the aesthe'c, environmental and marke'ng value. It is though leN to the homeowner to con'nue to support this valuable contribu'on to maintaining good ecosystems. We hope that this guide will provide an efficient and easy resource for everyone from home gardeners to landscape architects. A lot is at stake including recreaonal fishing and boang, agriculture, healthy bee populaons and the simple pleasure of seeing buAerflies in our backyards. TOWN OF MOUNT PLEASANT CONSERVATION ADVISORY COUNCIL Steven Kavee, Chair Compiled by members: GG Kopilak, Jo DiCostanzo, Susan Cember This plant guide and was created from various sources including but not limited to The Native Plant Center, Rosedale Nurseries, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Native Landscapes, Inc., Native Plant Garden Center, Pawling, NY, Westchester County Go Native (Westchestergov.com). It is a guide with suggestions and not a definitive resource. PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES PROHIBITED TERRESTRIAL PLANTS Reynoutria japonica, Japanese Knotweed Acer pseudoplatanus, Sycamore Maple Reynoutria sachalinensis, Giant Knotweed Achyranthes japonica, Japanese Chaff Flower Reynoutria x bohemica, Bohemian Knotweed Alliaria pe'olata, Garlic Mustard Rhamnus cathar'ca, Common Buckthorn Ampelopsis brevipedunculata, Porcelain Berry Rosa mul'flora, Muliflora Rose Anthriscus sylvestris, Wild Chervil Rubus phoenicolasius, Wineberry Aralia elata, Japanese Angelica Tree Salix atrocinerea, Gray Florist's Willow Artemisia vulgaris, Mugwort Silphium perfoliatum, Cup-plant Arthraxon hispidus, Small Carpet Grass Vitex rotundifolia, Beach Vitex Berberis thunbergii, Japanese Barberry Brachypodium sylvacum, Slender False Brome WETLAND PLANTS Cardamine impaens, Narrowleaf BiAercress Frangula alnus, Smooth Buckthorn Celastrus orbiculatus, Oriental BiAersweet Glyceria maxima, Reed Manna Grass Centaurea stoebe, SpoAed Knapweed Iris pseudacorus, Yellow Iris Cirsium arvense, Canada Thistle Lythrum salicaria, Purple Loosestrife Cynanchum louiseae, Black Swallow-wort Murdannia keisak, Marsh Dewflower Cynanchum rossicum, Pale Swallow-wort Phragmites australis, Common Reed Grass Dioscorea polystachya, Chinese Yam Dipsacus laciniatus, Cut-leaf Teasel AQUATIC PLANTS Elaeagnus umbellata, Autumn Olive Cabomba caroliniana, Fanwort Euphorbia cyparissias, Cypress Spurge Egeria densa, Brazilian Waterweed Euphorbia esula, Leafy Spurge Hydrilla ver'cillata, Hydrilla/ Water Thyme Ficaria verna, Lesser Celandine Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, European Frogbit Heracleum mantegazzianum, Giant Hogweed Ludwigia hexapetala Uruguayan Primrose Willow Humulus japonicus, Japanese Hops Ludwigia peploides, Floang Primrose Willow Imperata cylindrica, Cogon Grass Myriophyllum aquacum, Parrot-feather Lepidium lafolium, Broad-leaved Pepper-grass Myriophyllum heterophyllum, Broadleaf Water-milfoil Lespedeza cuneata, Chinese Lespedeza Myriophyllum spicatum, Eurasian Water-milfoil Ligustrum obtusifolium, Border Privet Nymphoides peltata, Yellow Floang Heart Lonicera japonica, Japanese Honeysuckle Potamogeton crispus, Curly Pondweed Lonicera maackii, Amur Honeysuckle Trapa natans, Water Chestnut Lonicera morrowii, Morrow's Honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica, Tartarian Honeysuckle Lonicera x bella, Fly Honeysuckle Lysimachia vulgaris, Garden Loosestrife Lythrum salicaria, Purple Loosestrife REGULATED Microstegium vimineum, Japanese S'lt Grass Acer platanoides, Norway Maple Oplismenus hirtellus, Wavyleaf Basketgrass Clemas terniflora, Japanese Virgin's Bower Persicaria perfoliata, Mile-a- minute Weed Euonymus alatus, Burning Bush Phellodendron amurense, Amur Cork Tree Euonymus fortunei, Winter Creeper Phyllostachys aurea, Golden Bamboo Miscanthus sinensis, Phyllostachys aureosulcata, Yellow Groove Bamboo Chinese Silver Grass Pueraria montana, Kudzu Robinia pseudoacacia, Black Locust NATIVE PLANTS HERBACEOUS FLOWERING PERENNIALS Heuchera americana and H. villosa (Coralbells) B/W Key to Typical Uses: Hibiscus moscheutos (Marsh Mallow) B/M/E B -- Borders Iris cristata (Crested Iris) W M – Meadows Iris versicolor (Blue Flag) E W -- Woodlands/Shade Jeffersonia diphylla (Twinleaf) W E -- Water Edges/Moist Liatris spicata (Blazing Star) B/M R -- Rock Gardens Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinal Flower) M/W/E Actaea pachypoda (Baneberry) W Lobelia siphili'ca (Great Blue Lobelia) M/W Amsonia tabernaemontana, A. hubrich'i Mertensia virginica (Virginia Bluebells) W (Blue Star Flower) B/M Monarda didyma & M. fistulosa (Bee Balm) B/M Anemone canadensis (NaCve Anemone) W Oenothera species (Sundrops & Evening Primroses) B/M Anemone cylindrica (Thimbleweed) W Opun'a humifusa (Eastern Prickly Pear) R Anemone virginiana (Virginia Anemone) W Pachysandra procumbens (Alleghany Spurge) W Aquilegia canadensis (Wild Columbine) W/R Penstemon digitalis (Smooth White Penstemon or Arisaema triphyllum (Jack-in-the-Pulpit) W Beardtongue) B/M Aruncus dioicus (Goatsbeard) B/M/W Phlox divaricata (Canadian Phlox) W Asarum canadense (Canadian Ginger) W Phlox maculata (Wild Sweet William) B/M Asarum shuAleworthi (ShuMleworth’s Ginger) W Phlox paniculata (Garden Phlox) B/M Asclepias incarnata (Swamp Milkweed) M/E Phlox stolonifera (Creeping Phlox) W Asclepias tuberosa (BuMerfly Weed) M Phlox subulata (Moss Phlox) R Aster cordifolius (Heart-leaf Aster) W Physostegia virginiana (False Dragonhead) B/M Aster divaricatus (White Wood Aster) W Podophyllum peltatum (May Apple) W/E Aster ericoides (Heath Aster) B,/M Polemonium reptans (Creeping Polemonium) B/M Aster laevis (Smooth Aster) B/W Polygonatum biflorum (Solomon’s Seal) W Aster macrophyllus (Big Leaf Aster) W Porteranthus (aka Gillenia) trifoliata (Bowman’s Root) W Aster novae-angliae and cvs. (New England Aster) B/M Pycnanthemum mu'cum, P. flexuosum Aster novi-belgii and cvs. (New York Aster) B/M (Mountain Mint) B/M/E Bap'sia -- all species (False Indigo) B/M Rudbeckia species (Black-eyed Susan) B/M Boltonia asteroides (Boltonia) B/M Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot) W Caltha palustris