SOCIAL SCIENCES POSTGRADUATE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR (SSPIS) 2016 15 December 2016 sains@usm, Bukit Jambul, Penang, Malaysia Editors: Razlini Mohd Ramli Norzarina Mohd Zaharim Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh Syazwani Drani Disclaimer The views and recommendations expressed by the authors are entirely their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors, the school or the university. While every attempt has been made to ensure consistency of the format and the layout of the proceedings, the editors are not responsible for the content of the papers appearing in the proceedings. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Social Sciences Postgraduate International Seminar, 2016/ Editors Razlini Mohd Ramli, Norzarina Mohd Zaharim, Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh, Syazwani Drani ISBN 978-967-11473-8-2 1. Anthropology & Sociology 2. Arts & Humanities 3. Communication and Mass Media & Education 4. Development, Planning & Management 5. Economics 6. Housing, Building & Planning 6. Languages 7. Political Science 8. Psychology 9. Social Work I. Razlini Mohd Ramli. II. Norzarina Mohd Zaharim. III. Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh IV. Syazwani Drani All rights reserved. © 2016 School of Social Sciences, USM ii TABLE OF CONTENTS No. Title of papers Page ANTHROPOLOGY & SOCIOLOGY 1. Hisbah and Urban Kano Insecurity: A Qualitative Analysis Approach. 9 Ali Ado Siro & P. Sundramoorthy 2. Socio-Economic Transformation of Malaysian Indians: A Qualitative Study in 20 Hill Rise Estate, Perak, Malaysia Edwin Michael, Eng May Chuen, Teh Boon Teck & Afi Roshezry B Abu Bakar 3. Problems in Nigerian Prison Service and Challenges Inhibiting Effective 29 Rehabilitation of Inmates Sadiq Ewaoda Amali & Mustapha Danjuma Hussein 4. Natural Resources and Indigenous Communities: A Study among the Bidayuh in 49 Padawan, Sarawak Eva Kristin Larry Sait, Neilson Ilan Mersat & Wong Swee Kiong ARTS & HUMANITIES 5. Stakeholder Involvement in Community-Based Tourism and Livelihoods: A 55 Case Study of Abai Village, Lower Kinabatangan Area of Sabah, Malaysia Velan Kunjuraman & Rosazman Hussin COMMUNICATION AND MASS MEDIA & EDUCATION 6. Language and Child Abuse: An Analysis of the Richard Huckle Case in Malaysian 64 Mainstream Newspapers Lam Yat Kuan & Lee Yuen Beng 7. Hugging and Hallyu: Examining Representations of Moral Panic and the Korean 73 Wave in the Malaysian Media Wahida Asrani Ahmad & Adrian Lee Yuen Beng 8. “You are Found Guilty!” – Examining Malaysian Newspapers’ Coverage on the 82 Trial of Two High Profile Crime Cases in Malaysia Muhammad Raqib B Mohd Sofian, Azman Azwan Azmawati, Adnan Hussein, Juliana Abd Wahab & Shuhaida Md Noor Selected Predictors of Environmentally Responsible Behaviour (ERB): 98 9. An Analysis Azman Omar, Azwadi Ali, Wan Salihin Wong Abdullah & Norhayati Mohd Tahir 4 DEVELOPMENT, PLANNING & MANAGEMENT 10. Job Hopping Attitude and Turnover Intention of Gen Y Hotel Employees: A 108 Review and Research Agenda Fatin Hanani Buang, Mohamad Abdullah Hemdi & Mohd Hafiz Hanafiah 11. Brand Engagement in Bumiputera-owned Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) 115 Charlie Albert Lasuin, Azizah Omar, T. Ramayah & Pravina Jayapal 12. Affordable Housing and Sustainable Urban Living of the Families in 129 Penang Island, Malaysia Samson Chieng Kuan Meng & Nor Malina Malek LANGUAGES 13. The Art of Language Arts 140 Paramjit Kaur Sardara Singh, Noor Mazni Abdul Karim & Lee Siew Lin 14. Role of Self-Perceived English Language Proficiency on Job Satisfaction and 150 Commitment of the Employees Working in MNCs in Pakistan Muhammad Khaleel, Dr. Shankar Chelliah, Jamshed Khalid, Umer Iftikhar & Dur-e-Najaf Zaibi 15. Gendered Leadership: An Analysis into the Leadership of Jessica Pearson in Suits 163 Nursyaheedah Binti Muhammad Isa POLITICAL SCIENCE 16. Managing the Deportation of Undocumented Migrants in Malaysia: A Review 173 Nor Sakinah Omar, Khairiah Salwa Mokhtar & Low Choo Chin 17. Implications of Terrorism on Government Revenue in North-East Nigeria 184 Abubakar Bashir Ribadu & Siti Zuliha Binti Razali PSYCHOLOGY 18. Social Trust over Facebook among Malaysian University Students 193 Ooi Shok Hong & Intan Hashimah Mohd Hashim 19. The Role of Self-Control and Body Image in Altering Eating Habits and Body 201 Weight among University Students Muhammad Waseem Tufail, Rahmattullah Khan, Md. Azman Shahadan, & Muhammad Saleem HOUSING, BUILDING & PLANNING 20. New Parameter Dimension in Estimating Value-at-Risk (VaR) for Sukuk Market : 211 A Conceptual Review Anis Suhaila Anas, Zatul Karamah Ahmad Baharul Ulum & Mohd Asrul Hery Ibrahim 5 21. The Conservation of Architectural Values in the Shophouses, George Town, 217 Penang, Malaysia Case Study: Sun Yat Sen Museum Akram Zwain & Azizi Bahauddin ECONOMICS 22. Growth is Good for the Poor: Panel Data Evidence from Africa 230 Anas Sanda & Saidatulakmal Mohd 23. Does Economic Union Matter in the Finance-Growth Nexus? New Insights from 238 Union Économique et Monetaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) Kizito Uyi Ehigiamusoe 24. The Operational Excellence on Small and Medium Enterprise in Malaysia 248 Mohd Hafeez Al-Amin Abdul Wahab, Mohammad Ismail & Mohd Nazri Muhayiddin 25. Exploring the Effect of Household Income on Tuberculosis 255 Incidences Using Spatial Interpolation Method Abdul Rauf Abdul Rasam, Noresah Mohd Shariff & Jiloris F Dony 26. Exchange Rate and Natural Rubber Differential: A Malaysian Case Study 264 Jireh C.Y.L.& Au Yong H.N. 6 PREFACE The Social Sciences Postgraduate International Seminar (SSPIS) was held on 15th December 2016 at usains@usm, Penang, Malaysia. Similar to the past seminars, SSPIS 2016 focused on three main disciplines of pure arts, applied arts and applied sciences. Social Sciences is not a stand-alone discipline but transdisciplinary, encompassing a number of fields including anthropology, sociology, social work, development, planning and management, economics, political science, psychology, education, language, humanities, communication, mass media and housing, building and planning. The trans-disciplinary nature of social sciences allows for the weaving of new knowledge, and at the same time, allows researchers to move beyond known boundaries, as society’s problems are far too complex and cannot be solved only within the domain of one discipline. Hence, SSPIS is the right platform for all participants to share knowledge, findings, and ideas across many different fields. The SSPIS 2016 attracted a total of 145 research papers from various institutions and organisations from around the world. All the full papers were subjected to double-blind peer reviews. Out of 145 research papers, only 26 papers were selected to be included in the Proceedings of Social Sciences Postgraduate International Seminar that will be submitted to Thomson Reuters for the Conference Proceedings Citation Index. We would like to take this opportunity to convey our appreciation to all authors and participants for their contribution and support. We would also like to thank all paper reviewers for their invaluable input and constructive comments in reviewing the papers. Last but not least, we would like to extend our deepest gratitude to the staff and postgraduate students of School of Social Sciences, USM for having supported and successfully organized the SSPIS 2016. Thank you Razlini Mohd Ramli Norzarina Mohd Zaharim Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh Syazwani Drani Editors Proceedings of Social Sciences Postgraduate International Seminar (SSPIS) December 2016 7 EDITORIAL BOARD Editors Razlini Mohd Ramli Norzarina Mohd Zaharim Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh Syazwani Drani 8 Hisbah and Urban Kano Insecurity: A Qualitative Analysis Approach Ali Ado Siro1 & P. Sundramoorthy2 1, 2 Anthropology & Sociology Section, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia. 1Criminology and Security Studies Department, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria. (Email: [email protected]¹, [email protected]²) Abstract Insecurity has been a common feature of northern Nigerian states in the contemporary times. As an affected state, Kano introduced Hisbah in the year 2000 at the boil of public agitation to assist the implementation of Islamic Shari’a. This study is aimed at assessing the contribution of the organisation in fighting crime to ensure security for the populace. The area comprises of eight local government areas out of forty-four that made up the state. The data were collected via in-depth interviews using snowball sampling. The relevant organisation’s departments involved in the study consist of crime, surveillance, investigation, operation and welfare. The findings revealed that, the organisation has been helpful not only in curbing insecurity but had great achievements in the resolution of civil cases and welfare issues within and outside the state jurisdiction. Although this picture proves the indispensability of Hisbah, there are problems affecting the functionality of the agency. And, this calls for re-strengthening the organisation to ensure a lasting solution to insecurity management problems. This is a task that lies not only in the hands of relevant authorities but also collaborative efforts from the general public. Keywords: Hisbah, Urban Kano, Security, Insecurity, Qualitative Approach 1. Introduction Security is the most vital element in human social, economic and political life. The global attention in post-cold and Gulf wars’ period was redirected from traditional to non-traditional security concern especially in the third world countries. These issues were invoked at the United Nations