Vine Culture in emerging wine regions of Northern and Eastern Europe - development, varieties and possibilities- Anja Antes ANTES Weinbau Service GmbH - grafting and winegrowing Agenda • Introduction • Development of Viticulture in Eastern and Northern Europe • Varieties • established • new possibilities • Worth mentioning • Summary Antes nurseries and winegrowing Antes nurseries and winegrowing • 1952: foundation by Vinzenz Antes • 1994: handover to Reinhard and Helmut Antes • 2014: enter of Anja Antes Antes nurseries and winegrowing • 43 ha (106 acre) vineyards / reproduction fields • comparisons of over 400 varieties and clones • table grapes • Rootstocks • 1.400.000 sold plants / year • working together with German viticulture institutes: Geisenheim, Freiburg, Weinsberg Export share 2013 Germany abroad Export Countries + Canada projects + China + Vietnam + Thailand Export to more than 30 countries (focus on emerging wine regions of Northern and Eastern Europe) Antes nurseries and winegrowing • Complete Service • supplies for vineyards (poles, wires, tubes…) • consulting and planning (soil-analysis, …) • project management und realisation Winnica Srebrna Góra (Winery Silberberg, Krakow) Vineyard at Silver Mountain Arildsvingaard, Sweden Biggest winery in Sweden Extreme rising number of plantings WHY rising number of plantings? - Climate Change - Chances of laws: legal possibility to grow and to sell wine - Interest in (new) culture – hope to earn money with this (new) type of agriculture - State subsidy - trend to drink regional wines – consumption of wine increased Current situation Romania, 2014 • Lots of hobby-winegrowers • Lots of non-cultivated old vineyard (-regions) (esp. Eastern Europe) • Often investors starting big projects reactivate old vineyards search for good location • No long-term experience What varieties can you find? Known ones (also planted in Middle Ages – Medieval Warm Period): • Riesling • Kerner and Kernling • Auxerrois • Traminer Tauberschwarz (= Süßrot, Grobrot, Quille de Coq, Vanberschwarz, Vicsanka) in old historic vineyards (monasteries): Old Hybrids: frost-resistant, no plant protection necessary cause: no possibility to spray (supply problem in communism) General requirements for varieties from our customers • frost-resistant the eastern the more important • fungus-resistant • taste like cultivated vinifera varieties (Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir,… ) • easy growing-requirements in vineyard • few laterals • late bud break and productive secondary buds • stable flowering • early end of vegetation • good wood ripening PIWI fungus-resistant varieties Does not mean: Why Piwi? • non-grafted or grafted hybrids / • Less spraying / less running tractor interspecific (France) • sustainable viticulture • cost-effective viticulture Does mean: • Decrease soil pollution • New cultures after 1950 with the type of Vitis vinifera • Traditional viticulture and preserving nature ~ 93 % European genetic material • frost-resistant and taste of Vinifera • need taxonomic classification as Vitis vinifera for winemaking in Europe (Regner, Rebenzüchtung für pilzwiderstandsfähige Rebsorten, 2011 http://weinverkostung.com/2011/06/19/rebenzuechtung-fuer- pilzwiderstandsfaehige-rebsorten-piwis/) Development of Piwis in emerging wine regions in Europe Increasing demand for Piwis abroad esp. Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland, Czech Republic 5,000 hectars (12,355 acre) of Piwis worldwide Solaris, Rondo, Regent, Johanniter, Bronner, Souvignier Gris, Cabernet Cortis, Hibernal – “Der Badische Winzer”, 2014 – Volker Jörger Easier to handle than Riesling, Pinot Noir,… Seems to be suitable Varieties – established – the most sold PIWI-segment 2015 • Solaris • Regent 80% • Cabernet Cortis • Johanniter • Rondo 20% PIWI "normal" Top 10: Sold Piwi Varieties in 2015 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Solaris Regent Souvignier gris Cabernet Muscaris Johanniter Rondo Seyval blanc Hibernal Monarch Cortis Varieties – SOLARIS (FR 240-75) parents Merzling x (Saperawi x Muscat Ottonel) - 1975 frost-resistance - 23 °C (-9.4 °F) up to – 28 °C (-18.4°F) - J. Lisek fungus-resistance very high against downy and powdery mildew high against Botrytis bud break early ripening very early (7-14 days before Müller-Thurgau) Yield middle (between Pinot Gris and Müller Thurgau) average (33 harvesting): 125 kg/are (27,557 lbs/acre) (Acid: 7,3 g/l - 106 °Oe (25.1 % Brix) must weight very high - usually over 100 °Oe (23,8 % Brix) (in first decade of September) Wine full-bodied with pronounced fruitiness - especially with mash contact and a cool fermentation (necessary!?!) exotic fruits; dry wines reminiscent of Chardonnay; residual sugar wines reminiscent of Sauvignon Blanc Vineyard low claims on location; very strong growth leaf-work Other aspects: Too early for Germany new wine (federweisser) In northern Italy in about 1000 meters above sea level Solaris (FR 240-75) Varieties – REGENT parents Diana (Silvaner x Müller-Thurgau) x Chambourcin (S.V. 12-417 x Chancellor) - 1967 frost-resistance High against winterfrost fungus-resistance Powdery mildew: high; downy mildew: very high Botrytis: high better than Rondo bud break Slightly deferred ripening middle-early Yield Medium (slightly above Pinot Noir) must weight High (Pinot Noir); must acidity: medium (slightly below Pinot Noir) Wine Deep red; full bodied Bordeaux style, sometimes hints of blackcurrant > 85 °Oe (20.5 % Brix): sometimes wine gets brown (Oxidation) Vineyard Susceptible to magnesium deficiency; berries fall off when very ripe Other aspects: 1995: entry into the German Federal Office’s Varieties Register 2000: 350 hectars (86.5 acre) 2004: 2037 hectars (5033.5 acre) in Germany Varieties – Regent Varieties – RONDO (6494-5 Gm) parents Zarya Severa (descendant vitis amurensis) x Saint Laurent – 1964 frost-resistance Very high; early and very good wood ripening (~ -25 °C/ -13°F) fungus-resistance Downy mildew: middle; powdery mildew: high; bud break Early-middle; very early flowering time ripening Very early Yield Medium-high must weight Medium with medium must acidity Wine Dark ruby red, full-bodied without any strange tone Vineyard Medium-high strength of growth, but shoots tend to hang downwards, can be grown on any site, wasps Varieties – Rondo Varieties – CABERNET CORTIS (FR 437-82 r) parents Cabernet Sauvignon x Solaris – 1982 frost-resistance good -22°C to – 25 °C (-7.6 to -13°F); very good wood ripening fungus- powdery mildew: very good to good; downy mildew: very good resistance bud break Like Pinot Noir but flowering 5-10 days before Pinot Noir ripening Few days before Pinot Noir Yield Medium (to high) 135-150 kg / are (29,762-33,069lbs/acre) must weight High 6-10 °Oechsle above Pinot Noir (~ 87 °Oe / 20.9 % Brix) Wine Strong, strong tannins, intense colour, Very herby intense Cabernet Style; rich in extract and phonolics Is suitable for barrique or oak barrels Vineyard Needs possibly magnesia during vegetation (spraying), because of its tendency to stem-atrophy Varieties – Cabernet Cortis Varieties – CABERNET CANTOR (FR 523-89 r) parents Seibel 70-53 x (Merzling x (Zara severa x Muscat Ottonel)) - 1989 frost-resistance ? fungus-resistance Very high bud break Few days after Pinot Noir ripening One week before Pinot Noir Yield Medium – high (125-145 kg / are / 27,557-31,967 lbs/acre) must weight High (4-8 °Oe above Pinot Noir) Wine Spicy, aromatic, milder style of Cabernet, similar to Merlot intense in colour Cabernet Cantor (Foto: Lieselehof) Cabernet Cantor (Foto: winnica sandomierska) Varieties – JOHANNITER (FR) parents Riesling x (Seyve Villard 12-481 x (x Chasselas Pinot Gris)) - 1968 frost-resistance Good ~-24 °C (-11.2°F) fungus-resistance (very) good against powdery and downy mildew bud break Like Riesling ripening Medium – between Silvaner and Riesling (like Pinot Blanc) – dark points on surface of skin Yield Medium-high 133 kg / are (29,321 lbs/acre) photo: Wacek Riesling: 120 kg / are (26,455 lbs/acre) Winogrona.org must weight High (86 °Oe – 20.7 % Brix) – 9.2 g/l must acid Wine Powerful (between Pinot Gris and Riesling) – very fruity – soft acid Reminiscent of tangerine, melon and pear – apple, citrus During process in cellar: taking care of acid Vineyard Compact cluster; rather strong growth, safe flowering, (low) risk of chlorosis with wrong rootstock Very similar to the mother variety Riesling Other aspects: Works in polish climate, but in warmer areas – in colder: only a few clusters have the chance to mature (Lysek) Varieties – SOUVIGNIER GRIS (FR 392-83) parents Cabernet Sauvignon x Bronner – 1983 frost-resistance ? fungus-resistance Against downy mildew: very high; Against powdery mildew: high bud break Similar to Pinot Gris ripening Similar to Pinot Gris Yield Medium (110-140 kg / are / 24,250-30,864 lbs/acre) must weight High (88-98 °Oe / 21.2-23.4 % Brix) and 6.5-8.0 g/l must acid Wine Similar to Pinot Gris with more acid Strong, neutral to fruity Vineyard Clusters: medium size, a little bit compact Other aspects: “Shooting star” Varieties – MUSCARIS (FR 493-87) parents Solaris x Muskateller – 1987 photo: Ricci Winogrona.org frost-resistance ? – less high than Solaris fungus-resistance Downy mildew: very high; powdery mildew: high bud break Similar to Pinots ripening Similar to Pinot Blanc / Riesling Yield Medium (110 kg/are / 24,250 lbs/acre) – max. Pinot Gris must weight Very high 90-105 °Oe (21.6-24.9 % Brix) 6.8-7.5 g/l must acid Wine Muscat- (nutmeg)-aroma, very high quality wine Acid Sometimes like Gewürztraminer