NID: 1000321-103-335 B Newsademic. Prepared for: [Your School Name Here] Newsademic.com ™ The informative easy to read introduction to world news 30th August 2018 British English edition Issue Number 335 In this issue Giant squid surprise Prague Spring remembered Rickets in the Roman Empire Australia changes its prime minister (again) Ancient shell-less turtle fossil Kerala’s monsoon floods Mosquito Day Pilgrimage to Mecca Waterloo weather explained Korean family reunions Earth flips and geomagnetic reversals Ship’s bell returned to South Valley of the Fallen (Valle de Los Caidos) in Spain (Jorge Díaz Bes) Africa Venezuelan migrant numbers increase E XHUMING F RANCO Air pollution and intelligence Francisco Franco was a Spanish general. next 14 years. During this time, Franco UN Rohingya report He ruled Spain as a military dictator for was wounded. He also married. Franco Great Dying new theory 36 years. Franco died in 1975, or 43 years and his wife would have one daughter. Nuthatch rediscovered ago. His body was buried in a specially When 33, Franco became the young- Glossary Crossword and constructed tomb. It is within a large est general in Spain (and in the whole of Wordsearch Puzzle monument, or mausoleum, called the Val- Europe). Then, Spain’s king, Alfonso the ley of the Fallen (‘Valle de los Caídos’). Thirteenth, ruled the country. The king On 24th August, Pedro Sánchez, was deposed in 1931. Elected leaders Learning Spain’s prime minister, proposed that then governed Spain. There were two English as a an amendment, or change, be made to a main political groups. One supported the previous law. The change would mean royal family. The other opposed it. Street foreign that Franco’s body could be dug up, or fights between the two groups were com- language? exhumed. It would then be reburied mon. In 1936, a civil war broke out. somewhere else. The Spanish parliament Franco became the leader of the ‘Na- voted in favour of the amendment. tionalists’. They supported the monarchy. Newsademic.com In Spain, Franco remains a divisive The ‘Republicans’ fought against them. figure. Born in 1892, he joined the army at They wanted an elected president to lead Recommended age 15. Then, Spain controlled Morocco, the country. Some people who fought in North Africa. In 1912 an insurgency, on the Republican side hoped that Spain reading or uprising against Spanish rule, began would become a communist country. for in Morocco. Franco volunteered to fight Adolf Hitler (1889 – 1945), the leader against it. He stayed in Morocco for the of Nazi Germany, and Italy’s dictator, EFL and ESL NID: 1000321-103-335 B Newsademic. Prepared for: [Your School Name Here] 30th August 2018 Newsademic.com™ – British English edition page 2 Benito Mussolini (1883 – 1945) sup- ter his father decided to step down, ported Franco. Both sent soldiers to or abdicate, four years ago. Spain to help the Nationalists. Franco In a constitutional monarchy, the also received the backing of Spain’s king or queen is head of state. Yet, Catholic Church. Russia, a com- they have few powers. The coun- munist country at that time, helped try’s prime minister and his or her the Republicans. The war lasted for elected government make the im- three years. The Nationalists won. portant decisions. Today, the Neth- Around 500,000 people died in erlands, Belgium, Thailand, the UK, the war. Both sides committed atroc- and Japan are examples of other ities, or serious war crimes. Those constitutional monarchies. undertaken by the Nationalists were Building work on the Valley of worse. Thousands of people were the Fallen began in 1940, or the year needlessly shot, or executed. Many after the end of Spain’s civil war. were buried in unmarked graves. The monument is 60 kilometres (37 The Nationalists carried out execu- miles) from Madrid, the country’s tions after the war was over. capital city. It has an underground Valley of the Fallen memorial within which The conflict in Spain ended just crypt. This was dug out of a large Franco is buried (Håkan Svensson) before the Second World War began. granite rock, or outcrop. A huge Many expected Franco’s Spain to stone cross was erected on the top join forces with Germany and Italy. of the outcrop. A large abbey, used It remained neutral, or did not fully by Benedictine monks, is also part support one side or the other. Yet, of the complex. 50,000 Spanish soldiers volunteered Around 33,800 people are buried to fight alongside the Germans in at the Valley of the Fallen. They died Russia. Franco also allowed German in the civil war. The monument took submarines to use Spanish ports. 18 years to complete. Many who Most Nationalist followers want- worked on the site were political ed the monarchy to return. However, prisoners. Franco wanted the monu- after the war ended, Franco decided ment to be a ‘national act of atone- to take charge of the country. He ment’. After he died, his body was ruled as a dictator until his death at placed in a special tomb within the the age of 82. Franco made arrange- crypt. Franco is the only person bur- ments about who would lead Spain ied at the Valley of the Fallen who after he died. Franco chose Alfonso did not die in the war. Fresh flowers the Thirteenth’s grandson, Juan Car- are laid on his grave each day. General Franco los, to be his successor. Then, the People who fought for both sides traces its history to the Republi- future king was living in Italy. Juan are interred at the Valley of the Fall- cans. Mr Sánchez, the current prime Carlos returned to Spain in 1969. He en. Yet, to many Spanish people the minister, leads the PSOE. In recent was given the title Prince of Spain. monument is a Nationalist shrine. years, both parties have become less Soon after Franco’s death, the Pro-Franco demonstrations were popular. Now, they compete with new king, King Carlos the First, sur- held there. Even though these are two new parties. prised many people. He announced now banned, some still take place. Living members of Franco’s that Spain would become a consti- Traditionally, Spain had two family complained about the vote. tutional monarchy. So, for the first main political parties. Both have After the outcome was announced, time in many years, Spanish people their ‘roots’ in the civil war. The Spain’s deputy prime minister de- were able to elect their leaders. To- People’s Party (PP) is ‘descended’ clared that ‘democracy is not com- day, Felipe the Sixth, Carlos’s son, from the Nationalists. The Spanish patible with a tomb that honours the is Spain’s monarch. He took over af- Socialist Workers’ Party (PSOE) memory of Franco’. NID: 1000321-103-335 B Newsademic. Prepared for: [Your School Name Here] 30th August 2018 Newsademic.com™ – British English edition page 3 GIANT SQUID marks, or scars, on their skin. These suggest that they must have been Recently, three brothers drove along ‘fighting’ with giant squid. part of New Zealand’s coastline. A kraken is a giant legendary They were looking for a place to go squid-like sea monster. Years ago diving in the sea. One noticed some- seafarers believed that these mon- thing unusual on the shoreline. After sters lived in the oceans near Nor- stopping to investigate, the brothers way and Greenland. Some people realised that it was an enormous think that sailors had seen a gi- squid. The tide had washed the dead ant or colossal squid. They then creature onto the beach. made up exaggerated stories about There are over 300 species of the kraken. squid. Most are small and slim. The huge squid found on the Squid are invertebrates. They do shoreline in New Zealand was 4.2 not have backbones. The creatures’ metres (14 feet) long. The brothers tube-shaped bodies are known as spoke with the National Institute of mantels. There is a long interior Water and Atmospheric Research shell within a squid’s mantel. It’s (NIWA). It is a New Zealand gov- called a pen. ernment-funded organisation. The Like octopuses, squid have eight NIWA collects many types of scien- arms. They have two additional tific information. Its scientists study arms that are longer than the others. the sea life around New Zealand. Dead giant squid in New Zealand (Ocean Hunter These are usually called feeding ten- Spearfishing and Freediving Specialists / Facebook) After collecting the dead creature, tacles. The undersides of the arms they confirmed that it was a giant and feeding tentacles are covered in a larger body than the giant squid. squid. circular shaped suckers. Therefore, it is much heavier. These Squid swim by jet propulsion. large-size squid are known for their Similar to octopuses, they have an big eyes. PRAGUE SPRING REMEMBERED organ called a siphon. A squid can Giant and colossal squid live at expel, or force, large amounts of wa- great depths. Rarely seen close to The ‘Prague Spring’ lasted for about ter out of its siphons very quickly. the surface, they are the world’s seven months. It is often described This pushes the creature backwards. largest invertebrates. Giant and co- as a period of ‘political liberali- By changing the position of their si- lossal squid live in all the oceans. sation’. At that time, Prague was phon jets, squid can alter their direc- They seem more common in the the capital city of a country called tion of travel. Squid have small fins seas near Norway, Newfoundland, Czechoslovakia.