INTERNATIONAL MARIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON, OHIO in affiliation with the PONTIFICAL THEOLOGICAL FACULTY MARIANUM ROME, ITALY By: Keith Jiron The Mariology of Saint Manuel González García (1877 - 1940) A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctorate of Sacred Theology with specialization in Marian Studies Director: Dr. Deyanira Flores Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute University of Dayton 300 College Park Dayton, OH 45469-1390 2021 The Mariology of Saint Manuel González García (1877 - 1940) Copyright 2021, Keith Isaac Akira Jiron Vidimus et approbamus: Deyanira Flores, S.T.L, S.T.D. – Director Thomas A. Thompson, S.M., S.T.L, Ph.D. – Revisore 1 Antonio Larocca, S.M.C, S.T.D. – Revisore 2 Daytonensis (USA), ex aedibus International Marian Research Institute, et Romae, ex aedibus Pontificiae Facultatis Theologicae Marianum, die 24 Maius 2021. ii Contents Dedication vi Acknowledgments vii Chapter 1: Introduction to Saint Manuel González García 1 1.1 Chronology of major dates 1 1.2 Biographical information 2 1.3 Experience at Palomares del Río, Spain 7 1.4 A New Vision 10 1.5 Historical Context 12 1.5.1 Assignment in Huelva 14 1.5.2 Experience as Bishop 20 1.6 The Sagrario: Modern-Day Calvary 24 1.7 Mary’s Presence on Modern-day Calvary 25 1.8 Bishop of the Abandoned Tabernacle 27 1.9 The Status Quaestionis 28 1.10 Methodology 33 Chapter 2: Introduction to the Mariology of Saint Manuel González García 35 2.1 Mariology in light of the Gospel, the Eucharist, and the Liturgy 35 2.2 Pneumatological aspect 38 Chapter 3 Divine Maternity and Virginity 43 3.1 Dogma of the Divine Maternity 43 3.2 Mother of the Mystical Body, the Church 53 3.3 The Hail Mary prayer 58 3.4 Dogma of the Perpetual Virginity 59 Chapter 4: Mary’s Immaculate Motherhood 62 4.1 Immaculate Conception 62 4.2 Madre Inmaculada 67 4.3 Feast of the Immaculate Conception 72 4.4 The Magnificat 75 iii Chapter 5: Mary’s Mediation 77 5.1 Mediation of the Mortal Jesus and of the Eucharistic Jesus 77 5.2 Mary as Supreme Secondary Cause 81 5.3 Universal Mediation 83 5.4 Mary’s Continual Mediation of Jesus to us 89 5.5 Mediation of the Mystical Body, the Church 91 5.6 Mediation of the Immaculate Mother 92 Chapter 6: Mary as Intercessor 95 6.1 Intercession 95 Chapter 7: Mother and Lady of the Blessed Sacrament 102 7.1 Mary’s role in the Incarnation and Communion 102 7.1.1 Communion and besos from the Immaculate Mother 106 7.2 Comulgar - The Reception of Communion 109 7.3 La Obra de las Tres Marías 113 7.3.1 Reparation to the Heart of Jesus 115 7.4 Mary’s pedagogy in the reception of Communion 119 7.4.1 Gospel passages related to Mary’s Eucharistic pedagogy 126 7.4.2 The Reception of Communion and Denial of Self 129 7.4.3 Mystery of the death of Jesus in Communion 135 Chapter 8: Madre Sacerdotal 137 8.1 Universal priesthood of all believers 138 8.2 Dilation of Mary’s heart 141 8.3 Mary’s Coredemption 149 8.3.1 Mary’s suffering in union with her Son 154 8.3.2 Mary’s compassion 157 8.3.3 Mary’s Immaculate gift of body and soul 158 iv 8.4 Mary and the Liturgy of the Eucharist 160 8.4.1 The Womb (El Seno) of Mary as an altar 165 8.4.2 Las Lágrimas and La Patena 168 8.5 Mother of priests 171 8.5.1 Mary and the Holy Spirit as teacher of priests 177 8.5.2 The Immaculate Heart, a key to Jesus’ Eucharistic Heart 181 Chapter 9: Assumption 183 9.1 Between Jesus’ Ascension and Mary’s Assumption 183 9.2 The Father’s Heavenly Stipend to Mary, Madre sacerdotal 184 9.3 Mary’s Participation in the Heavenly Liturgy 190 Chapter 10: General conclusion 195 10.1 Summary of findings 195 10.2 Further possibilities of investigation 201 10.3 Practical application for modern times 203 Bibliography 205 1. Primary Sources 205 1.1 Sacred Scripture 205 1.2 Tradition and Magisterium 205 1.3 Texts of Saint Manuel González García 207 2. Secondary Sources 212 v I dedicate this work to my family. To my wife, Kate, for her unwavering support and encouraging insight into the Blessed Mother’s hand in this entire process, beginning in 2012 even unto the completion of the dissertation itself. God’s love language of our shared birthday, June 22 (6:22) has been a constant grace. To my children, Andrew, Michael, Benedict, Nathan, Kolbe, Peter, John Paul Miki, and Gianna Joy. Being your father is a constant source of joy and insight into God, our heavenly Father. To my mom and dad, Al and Esther Jiron, for their constant love, support, prayers, and sacrifices. vi Acknowledgments I will be forever indebted to Dr. Deyanira Flores for the completion of this dissertation. She is the one who introduced Saint Manuel and his beautiful writings to me. She has been a tremendous source of encouragement, wisdom, and patience. Her heroic efforts in this effort will never be forgotten. It is encouraging to consider the possibility that this little endeavor might encourage others to come to know more fully Jesus in the Blessed Sacrament and his Mother. I also express my gratitude to the faculty and staff at the International Marian Research Institute. I am grateful for the many ways that the Blessed Mother has worked through all of you and for the many wonderful people I have met. Your love of Mary is a powerful witness and leaves an indelible impression in me. I wish to thank the Misioneras Eucarísticas de Nazaret for their support and willingness to help me obtain all the materials I needed, especially Sister Mónica M. Yuan Cordiviola. For my fellow students at IMRI over the years, I have many fond memories of each of you. I am grateful for your prayers and friendship, especially: Fr. Simon Mary Maroney, Jim Koelsch, Fr. Brian Taylor, Richard Lenar, Br. José Ignacio Iglesia Puig, Peggy Foster, Dr. Maria Garcia, and Daniel Clough. A prayerful note for the late Fr. Christopher Roberts, may he rest in peace. I owe a special note of gratitude to Fr. Emmanuel Fale, for his gracious hospitality to me over the years and for giving me a home away from home in the rectory at Emmanuel Catholic Church. vii Chapter 1 Introduction to Saint Manuel González García The overall purpose of this work will be to systematically present the rich Marian texts to be found within the voluminous writing of Saint Manuel González García. In doing so, not only will the reader be exposed to the profound Mariological teaching of this newly canonized saint, but an appreciation of his Eucharistic theology will come to light as well. 1.1 Chronology of major dates 1877 – February 25 His birth 1900 – September 23 Received Subdiaconate 1901 – June 11 Received Diaconate 1901 – July 5 Obtained Doctorate in Sacred Theology 1901 – September 21 Ordained to the priesthood 1902 – February Parish mission in Palomares del Río 1903 – September 23 Obtained Licentiate in Canon Law 1905 – June 16 Named Archpriest of Huelva 1907 – November 8 Started the journal El Granito de Arena 1910 – March 4 Founded Obra de las Tres Marías1 1911 – April Founded Discípulos de San Juan 1915 – December 6 Named auxiliary bishop of Málaga2 1920 – April 22 Named bishop of Málaga3 1921 – March 3 Founded Misioneras Eucarísticas de Nazaret4 1931 – May 11 Bishop’s palace is burned down 1935 – August 5 Named bishop of Palencia 1 José Campos Giles, El Obispo del Sagrario Abandonado: Biografía del Excmo. y Rvdmo. Señor Doctor Don Manuel González García, Tercera edición (Palencia: El Granito de Arena, 1950), xiii. 2 Manuel Sánchez Monge, La Eucaristía, Fuente del amor a la Palabra de Dios y a los pobres: Actualidad del mensaje del Obispo de la Eucaristía, San Manuel González García (Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 2016), 5 – 11. 3 Sánchez Monge, Eucaristía, 11. 4 November 15, 2020 email correspondence with Misioneras Eucarísticas de Nazaret in order to gain clarity on specific dates which were conflicting in different sources. 1940 – January 4 His death 1998 – April 6 Declared Venerable by Pope John Paul II 2001 – April 29 Beatified by Pope John Paul II 2016 – October 16 Canonized by Pope Francis5 1.2 Biographical information Saint Manuel González García was a bishop of Spain in the first half of the twentieth century. He served as bishop of Málaga from 1915 – 1935 and subsequently as bishop of Palencia from 1935 – 1940.6 He was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 2001 and canonized by Pope Francis in 2016.7 Saint Manuel was born on February 25, 1877 in Seville, Spain. His parents, Martín González Lara and Antonia García Pérez were natives of Antequera, born in 1838 and 1841 respectively. His father worked as a carpenter and his mother was a homemaker. In order to help the family financially she also did some sewing work on the side. In search of a better economic situation, they emigrated from Antequera to Seville where the father, Martín, found work at a Salesian school. After two short years he was able to open his own carpentry and cabinet-making shop. Five children were born to them. Unfortunately, their first- born son died at a young age. They named their second son Francisco and they named their third son Martín which was the same name they had given their first son who died.