RRREEESSSCCCUUUIIINNNGGG TTTHHHEEE HHHIIIDDDDDDEEENNN EEEUUURRROOOPPPEEEAAANNN WWOOOODEENN CCHHUURRCCHHEESS HHEERRIITTAAGGEE WOODEN CHURC HES HERITAGE an International Methodology for Implementing a Database for Restoration Projects Gennaro Tampone and Michela Semplici Scientific Editors In co-operation with FLY Events and Alter Ego Ing Arch S.r.l. (a Subsidiary Company of the Collegio degli Ingegneri della Toscana) Rescuing the Hidden European Wooden Churches Heritage An International Methodology for Implementing a Data Base for Restoration Projects © Copyright – 2006 and Scientific Ownership: Fondazione Romualdo del Bianco, Collegio degli Ingegneri della Toscana and the authors Publisher: In co-operation with FLY Events and Alter Ego Ing Arch S.r.l. (a Subsidiary Company of the Collegio degli Ingegneri della Toscana) Scientific Editors: Gennaro Tampone, Michela Semplici Editing, Graphics and Layout: Michela Semplici Cover: Lubos Hazucha Print: Free Books S.r.l. – Città di Castello (PG) Italia, 2006 INDEX Greetings and auspices Francesco Gurrieri, Professor, University of Florence Joseph King, Architect, ICCROM, Rome Marco Dezzi Bardeschi, Professor, ICOMOS Italy Andrzej Tomaszewski, Professor, University of Warsaw VII Paolo del Bianco Presentation IX Gennaro Tampone Foreword XI The research: Rescuing the Hidden European Wooden Churches Heritage an International Methodology for Implementing a Database for Restoration Projects XIII POLAND Faculty of Architecture, Warsaw University of Technology 1 Stefan Wrona, Krzysztof Koszewski The Role of Databases in Rescuing Wooden Religious Buildings 3 Robert M. Kunkel Structural Questions Involving the Oldest Timber Churches of the Carpathian Mountain Region 10 Anna Lorek, Dorota Zaremba, Ewa Jaszczak The Parish Church of St. Andrew the Apostle in Brwilno Górne, Municipality of Stara Biała, Powiat of Płock: A Historical–Conservation Study, including Guidelines for Necessary Action 19 POLAND Faculty of Architecture Cracow, University of Technology 65 Andrzej Kadłuczka Project Report 67 The Church of Miękisz Stary: Photographic Documentation Drawings 90 CZECH REPUBLIC Faculty of Architecture Brno, University of Technology 99 Helena Zemánková, Zuzana Jacková, Bohumil Straka, Jan Vanĕrek, Petr Hradil, Josef Hrabec, Ivana Žabičková Report about the Protection and the Conservation Conditions of Wooden Monuments in the Czech Republic 101 The Church of Prašivá: Drawings 116 SLOVAK REPUBLIC Faculty of Architecture, Brno University of Technology 121 Eva Král’ová, Ivana Lisická Rescuing the Hidden Slovakian Wooden Church Heritage from the Viewpoint of the Authentic Materials and Technologies 123 Zuzana Babjaková The Wooden Church of St. George in the Village of Trnove 142 The Church of Trnove: Drawings 152 Zuzana Babjaková Carpentry Tools 154 Beata Pomolová Contribution to the Matter of Wooden Church Lighting 162 Jaroslav Španko Electrical Solution in Wooden Religious Building 165 Ladislav Bobcak Liturgy of the Eastern Byzantine Rite 170 UKRAINE Kharkov State Technical University of Construction and Architecture 175 Tetyana Sergeyeva Socio – Education Impact of National Heritage Research 177 Igor Klimov, Vladimir Lopatko Peculiarities of Ukrainian Sacred Architecture (Distinctive Features and Traditional Characters) 181 Nikolay Bolotskih, Igor Klimov, Vladimir Lopatko, Tetyana Sergeyeva Actual Restoration and Preservation Problems of the Ukrainian Wooden Churches 183 ITALY Collegio degli Ingegneri della Toscana 193 Gennaro Tampone A Strategy for the Rescuing of the Ancient Wooden Churches of the Central Europe 195 Gennaro Tampone, Antonello Usai, Michela Semplici Priority of Intervention Among the Wooden Churches Visited 216 Michela Semplici A Bibliographical Research on the Hidden European Wooden Churches Heritage 217 Michela Semplici General Database on Wooden Religious Buildings and Churches with Timber Load Bearing Structures 228 OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS 233 José García Vicente UNESCO-ICOMOS Documentation Centre: an International Bibliographic Resource on Built Heritage 235 Aleksander Niedzielski, Piotr Stachurski Selected Examples of Upper-Silesian Wooden Churches Rescuing from Destructive Elements 238 Greetings and auspices HERITAGE Wooden Church Heritage è il tema specifico di questo incontro a Firenze: una città ove, fin dal 1983, si sono chiamati a convegno per confrontare le loro esperienze, Paesi e Tecnici di molte parti del nostro pianeta. La risposta, in questi due decenni, è sempre stata generosa e qualificatissima, consentendo quel confronto di principi, di metodi e di tecniche che costituisce il solo modo di progredire scientificamente. Questa occasione, oltre all’utile confronto, ha ora una valenza in più: quella di aver creato le premesse per sistematizzare e implementare un database dei progetti di restauro delle strutture lignee. Insomma, una “casa comune” ove depositare esperienze e attingere informazioni. Qualcosa che è stato invocato fin dal 1931, quando una prima riunione internazionale dei Tecnici del Restauro produsse la “Carta del Restauro di Atene”, postulando lo scambio sistematico delle informazioni in una specie di “archivio comune”. Oggi, la tecnologia multimediale consente di realizzare facilmente contenitori virtuali, così che l’impegno alla reciproca circolazione della “progettualità” (intesa nel senso più largo) diventa più realistico. Così, la comunità scientifica è sempre meno un concetto astratto e sempre più qualcosa che ci fa sentire tutti più vicini. Le prossime generazioni di studiosi troveranno più aggregazione, più strumenti, più rapide capacità di confronto e di metodiche collaudate; e ne disporranno in tempi brevi, in “tempo reale”, come ormai si dice con una locuzione consueta. Se così sarà, significherà che queste nostre sperimentazioni, questi incontri, queste premesse, erano ben riposti. Francesco Gurrieri Restauratore, Università di Firenze Remarks on the Occasion of the Seminar on Rescuing the Hidden European Wooden Church Heritage It is a great pleasure for me to be here today to representing ICCROM, and in particular, my Director General, Mr. Mounir Bouchenaki. I would first like to acknowledge our hosts for this meeting, the Fondazione Romualdo del Bianco and the Collegio degli Ingegneri della Toscana, and also all of the partners that have been working on this very interesting initiative. The theme of this project, the Rescuing the Hidden European Wooden Church Heritage, brought several ideas to my mind. The first “Wooden Church Heritage” speaks to the materiality of these buildings. Wood is the main material which makes up the form and structure. The conservation of this material is of utmost importance, and although progress has been made over the years in understanding the physical conservation problems of wood, we still have more work to do. The second word of interest in the title was “hidden”. What was meant by that word? Of course, it cannot be taken literally. Church buildings cannot literally be hidden from view. This means that this heritage must be “hidden in plain sight”. But, hidden to whom? Maybe they are hidden to those of us in the conservation community who are concerned with more “important monuments”; or maybe to national officials who have other priorities; or to their own local communities. And yet, since most of these churches are still in use, they must still play some role within the living traditions of the communities in which they are found. The issue of living religious heritage has been of growing interest at ICCROM. In October 2003, ICCROM held a Forum on this topic, and a number of issues were highlighted including: 1. the need to reconcile conservation with changing liturgical and functional needs; 2. the fact that interest in religion will fluctuate over time making religious heritage, sometime more and sometimes less central to the daily lives of people; 3. the growing secular pressures on many religious places, particularly from tourism; 4. the occasional conflict between continuity of traditions and “scientific” conservation. By way of conclusion, the Forum found that living religious heritage, both tangible and intangible, is important in expressing and sustaining the faiths which give spiritual identity, meaning, and purpose to human life. The Forum also concluded that the religious communities for which the heritage has importance but should be primarily responsible for continued maintenance and conservation, in consultation with conservation professionals. I’m pleased that the work carried out within the project Rescuing the Hidden European Wooden Church Heritage is helping us to understand a part of the living religious heritage of Europe. The project is building our awareness of this important heritage and helping to conserve it for the future. Joseph King ICCROM, Unit Director, Sites Unit VII Sono molto felice di portarvi i saluti di benvenuto della sezione italiana dell’ICOMOS che ho ora l’onore di presiedere. Mi sono formato, assieme a molti amici e colleghi presenti in questa sala come i professori Guerrieri e Tampone, alla scuola di Piero Sanpaolesi che ha dedicato tutta la sua intensa vita di studioso e di operatore alla conservazione dell’eredità materiale del nostro patrimonio architettonico. Nel primo pomeriggio farò la mia comunicazione “dal restauro alla conservazione” per sottolineare che i tempi sono maturi per il definitivo passaggio, che io penso epocale e spero irreversibile, alla cultura della permanenza. Come voi ben sapete dopo la prima esposizione internazionale sul restauro