University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1994 Myron Brinig's Butte| Jews in the wide open town Pamela Wilson Tollefson The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Tollefson, Pamela Wilson, "Myron Brinig's Butte| Jews in the wide open town" (1994). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 3052. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/3052 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MYRON BRINIG'S BUTTE: JEWS IN THE WIDE OPEN TOWN by PAMELA WILSON TOLLEFSON B. A. University of Montana, 1990 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Montana 1994 Chairperson Date UMI Number: EP36196 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI EP36196 Published by ProQuest LLC (2012). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This worl< is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProOuesf ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 T(^5 ^TXN Tollefson, Pamela W., M. A., December 1994 Histzzy Myron Brinig's Butte: Jews j.n the Wide Open Town (187 pp.) Director: David M. Emmon^ This study inter-weaves three related stories: the unique experience of the Jews in the wide open mining town of Butte, Montana and their important role in the town's progress; the nature of the early copper boom days of the town; and the personal story of Butte author Myron Brinig and his Jewish family taken from his novels and personal writings. Brinig's Butte books, oral histories, and the writings of former Butte residents, establish the wide open nature of the old town. With wide open gambling, drinking, and a large red- light district, turn-of-the century Butte seemed an unlikely place to establish the continuity of Jewish faith. However, Jews succeeded very well in Butte and formed a religious community. They flourished in business and supplied much needed goods to the community. Butte's Jewish community, in the absence of any significant anti-Semitism, circulated in social, political, and fraternal arenas without restrictions and donated time, talents, and capital to the town. Using B'Nai Israel cemetery records, the 1920 Manuscript Census, mortuary records, oral histories, and city directories, a database of 980 former Jewish residents was established. The results were queried to discern settlement patterns, average age of death, parents' origin, individual birthplace, and occupations. Findings indicate that from 1879 to 1920, the average Butte Jew lived within nine blocks of the city center, worked in retail sales, and lived at least five years longer than his Catholic neighbors. Most were of Russian origins. Brinig chronicled the rise of the great mining camp while relating the story of his colorful Jewish family within the context of the wide open town. Through an examination of his writings, an intimate and important look at the struggles of one Western Jewish family emerged as they grappled with assimilation, religious and traditional challenges, and the weakening of family ties, in early Butte. ii To my children and life's impetus, Seth, Bob, Sarah, Nathan, and Kimberly - for time and all eternity. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express appreciation to my committee, particularly David Emmons, who helped me organize my thoughts, and Earl Ganz, who introduced me to the writings of Myron Brinig. Special thanks for financial and moral support to the women of the P.E.O., the Calkins Research Fellowship Committee, the Hammond Research Committee, George Rudolph, and Connie Ostrovsky. To all those who generously shared their memories and papers, I thank you. Thanks to my son. Bob, who offered his computer expertise. Finally, appreciation to my parents, especially my father Who taught me to reverence history. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 I. FROM EUROPEAN SHTETL TO AMERICAN MINING CAMP: NEW EVALUATIONS IN THE WEST 7 II. JEWS IN THE WIDE OPEN TOWN 51 III. THE BRINIG FAMILY IN BUTTE 122 APPENDIX A 174 BIBLIOGRAPHY 181 V INTRODUCTION It was a time when everything was wide open, bawdy houses, dance halls, gambling dens, hop houses. Wide Open Town. 37. This study examines the interaction between a wide open mining town in the West and the diverse group of Jews who settled there. More specifically, this paper focuses on the Jewish community of Butte, Montana from pioneer settlement through about 1920, with special emphasis on the writings and memoirs of Butte author Myron Brinig pertaining to his Roumanian Jewish family. Myron Brinig spent fourteen of his most formative years in Butte before leaving for Columbia University with the intention of becoming a writer. Though Brinig's books were categorized as fiction, they possessed an undeniably autobiographical nature. During his long career as a novelist, he frequently drew from his memories and experiences as a boy growing up in a colorful Jewish family in the world's greatest mining town. Of twenty-one novels constructed during his lifetime, those based on Butte earned him the highest praise. Rabbi Benjamin Kelson said of Brinig, "He knows the city and the 1 2 Jews who live in it, and those of his novels that deal with the town in which he grew up are generally regarded as among his best."' These books - Sinaermann. Wide Open Town. This Man is Mv Brother. The Sisters. Footsteps on the Stairs, and The Sun Sets in the West - included many real stories of the city, its people, and events around the turn of the century corroborated by historical facts, Brinig's memoirs, and his personal interview. However, in taking into consideration just how closely Brinig portrayed his boyhood town, it should be noted that he hated Butte. "Butte made him angry," said Brinig observer. Earl Ganz. Myron choked on the proletarian atmosphere and perceived the town as anti-intellectual, stifling, "a hard, bitter place.The overwhelming theme of his mining town books became how the town affected people. Here Myron's dislike of Butte was most evident, because his novels were largely critical of the city. Nonetheless, he owned a deep fascination for Butte and its residents, and both remained popular literary topics. This study, however, does not intend to represent a literary critique of Myron Brinig's books, though some of that, it will soon become apparent, becomes unavoidable. Rather, it examines in part the historic value of Brinig's writings as they pertain to the uniqueness of the Jewish experience in Butte, Montana around the turn of the century. "Butte," noted one historian, "managed to combine the 3 presumed chaos of the frontier with the confusion of industrialization."^ The city had a uniquely bawdy character, even by mining camp standards and especially by Victorian era mores. Ethnically diverse, corrupt, and booming, Butte life challenged the average mortal. Some historical circumstances, upon first examination, strain credulity. Such is the unlikely picture of Jews in the untamed West. The great writer Sinclair Lewis called the presence of a family like the Brinigs in Butte a "contrast."'* So typically thought of as a product of the Old Testament or of old Europe, Jews seemed out of place mingling with the rougher elements of a mining camp. However, upon closer examination, perfectly sound reasoning guided the Jews West. The West appeared wide open for smart businessmen, and Jewish business acumen was no secret. Jewish merchants became a major source of stability in Western communities, providing the goods and credit necessary for growth. Jews in Butte, particularly the Reform group, succeeded admirably in business, joined fraternal organizations, and in many cases, became active in politics. They suffered little from anti-Semitism, lived and worked with gentiles, and actively served their community. Success, though, was not without a price. Struggling against the same forces that eroded Judaism nationwide, Butte's Judaic community found over time a lessening of 4 observance among themselves and more especially among their children. Without an ethnic neighborhood to cling to, the process of assimilation only accelerated. Jewish voices once raised in triumph and hope over new-found American freedom, by the early twentieth century, found reason to hesitate and waiver. The yeshiva and Talmud were displaced in importance by picture shows, popular culture and the exigencies of making a living. The Faith that grandparents had fervently clung to, lost much of its appeal in the context of America, especially in the West. Using his own family as a model in his first novel, Sinaermann. Brinig illustrated the conflicts and struggles of an Orthodox Jewish immigrant family in a mining town called "Silver Bow" as they faced Americanization and religious challenges. Moses and Rebecca Brinig came to Butte in 1900 to take part in the mining town's prosperity. Moses, an outwardly simple yet inwardly complex man, opened a men's furnishing store on East Park Street and supported his seven children by selling goods to miners. Moses and Rebecca, the miners, Butte's Jews, the predominantly Irish population, and the color and taste of the old town were the ingredients of a Brinig novel.