MOSUL AL JADIDA AREA BASED ASSESSMENT MAY 2018 Returns Working Group RWG Iraq Mosul al Jadida Area Based Assessment Produced by REACH Initiative with the support of the Iraq Returns Working Group, CCCM and ECHO About REACH REACH facilitates the development of information tools and products that enhance the capacity of aid actors to make evidence-based decisions in emergency, recovery and development contexts. All REACH activities are conducted through inter-agency aid coordination mechanisms. All our reports, maps and factsheets are available on the REACH resource centre. For more information, visit our website at www.reach-initiative.org, follow us on Twitter: @REACH_info and Facebook: www.facebook.com/IMPACT.init or write to [email protected] 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 Introduction 18 Functionality and Access to Services 6 Methodology 18 Overview 7 Challenges and Limitations 20 Healthcare 8 Background and Context 24 Education 8 Historic Overview and Trends 28 Access to Municipal Services 10 Governance Structure 28 Water 12 Assessment Findings 30 Electricity 12 Demographics 32 Solid Waste Disposal 13 Livelihoods 34 Conclusion 14 Food Security 35 Endnotes 14 Assistance 15 Shelter APPENDIX ONE - SECTOR FACTSHEETS 16 Protection and Social Cohesion APPENDIX TWO - NEIGHBOURHOOD MAPS 3 INTRODUCTION In October 2016, Iraqi Security Forces (ISF) and individuals (82,978 families) returning between 1 Kurdish Peshmerga Forces began a military January 2017 and 30 March 2018.5 Many families offensive to regain control over the city of Mosul returned to neighbourhoods scarred by conflict and its surroundings from the so-called Islamic and years of ISIL occupation. As the context in State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), which had Mosul transitions from an emergency to one of controlled these areas since the summer of 2014. recovery and stabilization, the priority for the On 24 January 2017, the Government of Iraq (GoI) government and the humanitarian community re-established complete control over the east side has shifted to facilitating the safe and dignified of Mosul city.1 The west, however, proved more returns of IDPs, and the resumption of key public difficult to retake, and it was not until 9 July – 10 services that are critical to both restoring public months after the start of the offensive – that the confidence in the ability of the government to city was declared fully under GoI control.2 meet the core needs of the population, and to ensuring sustainable returns to Mosul city. Based As a result of the offensive on the western half of on available sources, REACH Initiative (REACH) informing planning and prioritization of needs by (167,580 individuals/27,930 families) between the city, high numbers of individuals were displaced found that, while data regarding returns and level actors implementing humanitarian and recovery 17 February and 30 March);6 is comprised of from their homes: the International Organization of damage within west Mosul was widely known, interventions in the municipality. The ABA several neighbourhoods that were among the for Migration (IOM) recorded 695,677 individuals there was a lack of publicly available, location- represents a key product contributing to a global first to be retaken by the ISF, thereby sustaining Al-Shuqaq Mosul (115,946 families) transiting through Hamam specific information outlining the availability of program supported by EU Humanitarian Aid, less damage than other areas of the western Al-Risalah Al-Jadida al Alil screening site3 between 3 March and 6 services and specific needs in areas of the west. which targets cities in crisis to inform area-based half of the city;7 and was one of the first western Rajim Hadid - Al-Nablus Al-Amil 4 Nawab Al Dhubat Al-Mansur July 2017. These populations were displaced response and recovery plans, and where possible, municipalities that humanitarian organizations Al-Amil 2 Al-Shuhada 1 Wadi Rajim Al-Mualimin Hajar to a number of camps for Internally Displaced To address this gap, REACH launched an provides support to information management and were able to access, leading to more established Al-Shuhada 2 Hadid Tal Al-Shuhada Taqti' Persons (IDPs) to the east and south of the city, Area-Based Assessment (ABA) in Mosul al coordination efforts. In focusing assessments at humanitarian programming in the area. This - Al Rahma Al-Ruman Al-Smood to cities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), and Jadida municipality, which, of west Mosul’s four the settlement level, the ABA seeks to provide a area profile is composed of a methodological Al-Mamun to other locations across the country. Those with municipalities, has seen the highest levels of tailored and actionable profile of the assessed summary; an overview of history and context; financial means decided to leave Iraq, many on a returns since the city came back under GoI area, with a focus on demographics, household- and assessment findings. In addition, detailed permanent basis. As the GoI gradually regained control. The assessment was conducted in level needs, and access to public services. assessment findings are outlined in the Sectoral control of rebel held areas, displaced families partnership with the Iraq CCCM Cluster and Mosul al Jadida municipality was selected as Factsheets (Appendix 1), and individual began moving back to west Mosul, with 497,868 Returns Working Group (RWG), with the aim of it was: the area of highest return in west Mosul neighbourhood maps (Appendix 2). 4 Mosul al Jadida Municipality in Mosul City Al-Shuqaq Mosul Al-Risalah Al-Jadida Rajim Hadid - Al-Nablus Al-Amil Nawab Al Dhubat Al-Mansur Al-Amil 2 Al-Shuhada 1 Wadi Rajim Al-Mualimin Hajar Al-Shuhada 2 Hadid Tal Al-Shuhada Taqti' - Al Rahma Al-Ruman Al-Smood Al-Mamun Mosul al Jadida Municipality 5 METHODOLOGY The ABA is composed of qualitative and quantitative components, including: scoping and Interviewees Number Surveyed secondary data review (SDR); semi-structured key informant interviews (KIIs) with community leaders, community group discussions (CGDs) with residents of the area, KIIs with individuals Community Leaders KIs: 17 mukhtars with specialized knowledge of service provision in the area, and a comprehensive household-level CGDs & Mapping: 99 participants needs assessment. REACH incorporated feedback from partners throughout the research design phase. In particular, the assessment indicators were developed in alignment with the RWG’s Multi- Specialised Service Provision KIs: 19 KIs Sector Response Framework, a guidance document with input from relevant clusters to facilitate coordinated area-based interventions in support of Iraq’s conflict-affected populations. Household Need Assessment: 495 households Scoping and SDR: Prior to the launch of the government representation. These individuals 21-22 November to gather updated information. between 11-15 March, totalling an additional eight assessment, REACH conducted extensive SDR are appointed by local councils and serve as a mapping exercises with 38 participants. to determine the base of knowledge related to the primary intermediary between residents and CGDs and Participatory Mapping: REACH municipality that was already publicly available, government service providers within their area conducted 10 CGDs across five neighbourhoods Specialised Service Provision KIIs: After and to build a level of contextual knowledge of responsibility. In their position as community in Mosul al Jadida between 3-10 December, building a picture of community perceptions and to inform the data collection plan. In addition, representatives, mukhtars are well placed to 2017. The neighbourhoods in which CGDs were expectations with regards to service delivery, REACH conducted several scoping missions to provide general information on the demographics, conducted – al Uruba, al Risalah, al Amil 2, Tal REACH conducted additional interviews with the area in order to meet with community leaders, needs and access to services within their areas al Ruman and Rajim Hadid – were selected with KIs with specialist knowledge of the provision of conduct enumerator training and pilot assessment of responsibility. In order to gather preliminary the aim to gather perspectives from a range public services – namely healthcare, education, tools. information on the neighbourhoods comprising of locations across the municipality where the water, electricity and solid waste removal – within Mosul al Jadida municipality, REACH conducted population was experiencing difficulty accessing Mosul al Jadida municipality. These individuals Community Leader KIIs: In the governance KIIs with 17 mukhtars from 198 neighbourhoods public services. In addition, REACH conducted were identified both through mukhtars and other structure of Iraq, individuals known as within the municipality between 24 October and participatory mapping exercises9 in 12 of the INGOs and UN agencies active within the area. mukhtars represent the most local level of 3 November 2017, with follow-up calls conducted remaining neighbourhoods of Mosul al Jadida Overall, REACH enumerators conducted semi- 6 structured interviews with three KIs with specialist data collection, and to provide a comprehensive knowledge of education, four KIs with specialist overview of needs within the municipality, CGDs in every neighbourhood of Mosul al Jadida municipality. In addition, three neighbour- knowledge of healthcare, four KIs with specialist REACH also conducted a household-level needs hoods – al Shuqaq, Daur al Sukar and al Smood – were not visited for CGDs