MANAGING GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCIES VASILE PUŞCAŞ MANAGING GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCIES 1 VASILE PUŞCAŞ © Prof. dr. Vasile Puşcaş Editura EIKON Cluj-Napoca, str. Bucureşti nr. 3A Redacţia: tel 0364-117252; 0728-084801; 0728-084802 e-mail: edituraeikon@yahoo. com Difuzare: tel/fax 0364-117246; 0728-084803 e-mail: eikondifuzare@yahoo. com web: www. edituraeikon. ro Editura Eikon este acreditată CNCSIS (cod 132) Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României PUŞCAŞ, VASILE Managing Global Interdependencies / Vasile Puşcaş. - Cluj-Napoca : Eikon, 2010 ISBN 978-973-757-362-9 327 Editor: Vasile George DÂNCU Copertă: Mihai ALEXANDRESCU Tehnoredactor: Ioachim GHERMAN 2 MANAGING GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCIES VASILE PUŞCAŞ MANAGING GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCIES Cluj-Napoca, 2010 3 VASILE PUŞCAŞ 4 MANAGING GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCIES CONTENTS Contents ....................................................................... 5 Abreviations ................................................................ 9 Foreword .................................................................... 13 Introduction .............................................................. 17 THE MANAGEMENT OF GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCIES ........................................ 23 Introduction ....................................................... 25 Global interdependence ................................... 27 Managing the interdependence ...................... 32 Management of the post-crisis world ............ 34 Cross-border crisis management .................... 36 Effects of interdependence .............................. 39 Global strategic management .......................... 44 Multilateralism .................................................. 47 The ―G-system‖ ................................................. 49 Institutionalized cooperation .......................... 51 Restructuring international financial institutions ......................................................... 54 Interdependence and integration at a regional level .............................................. 58 The EU and multiple interdependencies ....... 63 The EU and inter-regional relations ............... 66 Intergovernmental management .................... 74 Conclusions ........................................................ 75 5 VASILE PUŞCAŞ Intercultural Communication in Managing Global Interdependence ....................................... 94 The contemporary international system ........ 94 Interdependence ................................................ 96 Intercultural communication in managing global interdependence .................................. 100 Europe and intercultural communication ... 106 The main goals of managing interdependence and intercultural communication ................................................ 111 Conclusion ....................................................... 119 THE EU AND GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCE .......................................... 128 Global Developments and the Role of the EU: An Outlook ............................... 130 The Evolutionary Approach in the Accession Negotiations of Romania with the European Union .................................................................... 154 Changing society ............................................. 157 Preparing to join the EU: a process of modernization............................ 158 Negotiating for accession: assessing the stage of modernization ........... 164 Several lessons ................................................. 168 Conclusions ...................................................... 171 From Traditional National Politics to Political Pluralism and Consensus – Building in EU Politics ....................................... 175 6 MANAGING GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCIES Introduction ..................................................... 175 The European Parliament and Representative Democracy ............................ 177 The Participatory Democracy ........................ 190 The Consociational Theory ............................ 192 The Concept of Federalism ............................ 193 Network Governance ..................................... 195 The Process of Globalization and the Cosmopolitan Democracy ...................... 198 Conclusions ...................................................... 203 MANAGING THE REGIONALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION ..................................... 214 The New Europe and the Mediterranean Area - Geo-economics, Geo-culture and Social Communication ................................................... 216 The Euro-Mediterranean area in the global context ........................................ 220 The social communication solution .............. 228 Global Public Health: Achievements, Challenges, and Opportunities ......................... 239 CULTURE, HISTORY AND THE INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT ............... 256 The Origin and the End of the Cold War: Historiography in the Geopolitical and Geostrategic Context .......................................... 258 Index ......................................................................... 278 7 VASILE PUŞCAŞ 8 MANAGING GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCIES ABREVIATIONS AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syn- drome ALDE Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation APSED Asia Pacific Strategy for Emerging Diseases ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations BCBS The Basel Committee of Banking Supervision CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands (German Christian Democratic Union) CEPR Centre for Economic Policy Research CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy ECDC European Center for Disease Prevention and Control ECOSOC Economic and Social Council EI Epidemic Intelligence EMU Economic and Monetary Union EPP European People‘s Party ESDP European Security and Defence Policy 9 VASILE PUŞCAŞ EU European Union FDI Foreign Direct Investment FDP Freie Demokratisch Partei (German Free Democrat Party) FPÖ Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (Austrian Freedom Party) FRUS Foreign Relations of United States HIAP Health Insurance Assistance Program ICD Institute for Cultural Diplomacy IGOs Inter-Governmental Organizations IMF International Monetary Fund INGOs International Non-Governmental Organizations MERCOSUR Mercado Común del Sur MNCs Multinational Corporations NAFTA North American Free Trade Association NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ÖVP Österreichische Volkspartei (Austrian Popular Party) PDL Partidul Democrat-Liberal PES Central-Left Party of the European Socialists PNL Partidul Naţional Liberal PPS People, Processes and Structures PSD Partidul Social Democrat 10 MANAGING GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCIES RTAs Regional Trade Agreements SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SPD Soziakdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (German Social Democrat Party) SPÖ Sozialdemokratische Partei Öster- reichs (Austrian Social Democrat Party) TNC Transnational Company UN United Nations USA United States of America USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics WHO World Health Organization WTO World Trade Organization WWII World War II 11 VASILE PUŞCAŞ 12 MANAGING GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCIES FOREWORD Dr. Vasile Puşcaş is a valued member of the Institute for Cultural Diplomacy‘s Advisory Board and we are pleased to welcome the newest addition to his impressive volume of literature. The majority of the papers in this book have been presented in the context of lectures at ICD conferences during 2009 and 2010, and our network has been eagerly awaiting the publication of this book. Global interdependence is a subject that has come to shape the very nature of international di- plomacy. As Dr. Puşcaş writes, the process of eco- nomic globalization combined with the global na- ture of many modern issues, from terrorism to cli- mate change, means that states can no longer function in isolation. Rather, they must work to- gether in regional groups or in a united interna- tional front. The growth of regional institutions, most notably the European Union, as well as in- ternational organizations, such as the United Na- tions, clearly demonstrates the international drive towards globalization in the political system. In this increasingly globalised and interde- pendent world intercultural communication is, as 13 VASILE PUŞCAŞ Dr. Puşcaş describes, ―no longer an option, but a necessity‖. Cultural diplomacy, the exchange of ideas and aspects of culture amongst nations and peoples, has an invaluable role to play at the local, national, regional, and international levels. At the local level it can be used to support integration and promote reconciliation in war- torn societies. At the national and regional levels cultural diplomacy can replace traditional hard power strategies with techniques that are mutual- ly beneficial to the parties involved. At the international level this exchange can support attempts to generate a norms-based glo- bal community with respect for human rights and democracy and the political will to tackle global challenges. This activity is already taking place. From the Open Fun Football Schools run by the Cross Cultures Project Association to the West- Eastern Divan Orchestra, governments, NGOs, and international organizations are working together to promote peace and stability through this exchange. As political globalization increases and glo- bal interdependence becomes the norm, countries and cultures must learn not just to tolerate each other, but also to work together and understand 14 MANAGING GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCIES each other. The challenge