HAWAII STATEWIDE TRANSPORTATION PLAN: HAWAII’S MULTI-MODAL AND INTER-MODAL NETWORK Prepared for STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION STATEWIDE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING OFFICE 2011 Prepared by SSFM INTERNATIONAL 501 Sumner Street, Suite 620 Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 In association with: HNTB SMS Research Group 70 Weslin Consulting The preparation of this report has been financed in part through grants from the U.S. Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration, under Subsection (f) of Section 104 of Title 23, U.S. Code. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the official views or policy of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Governor’s Message Aloha, Transportation is our lifeline. From the earliest times when Polynesians were voyaging across the seas in canoes, transportation has provided the means for moving people and provisions for discovery and for trade. There is an excitement that accompanies travel, the anticipation of new places, new relationships, and new opportunities. We move forward. Holo hele. Our transportation facilities are in constant use. Whether airports, harbors, or highways, there is never a moment when facilities are idle. Our administration is committed to keeping our state facilities in the best operating condition for efficiency and comfort. Equally as important are safety, security, and expansion for current and future needs. The people of Hawai‘i deserve to be proud of our public facilities. The Hawaii Statewide Transportation Plan: Hawaii’s Multi-modal and Inter-modal Network captures the essence of this work. In the plan we find the Goals and Objectives for the multi- modal and inter-modal systems in the air, over the sea, and across the land. We find guides to the best practices for planning, finance, and management for forward looking transportation systems. The plan theme, “Making Connections,” illustrated by the Hawaiian rainbow, honors the importance of cooperation, coordination, and connection in our role as stewards. This latest Hawaii Statewide Transportation Plan is available to the community for future use and reference in making other transportation plans. With everyone’s participation, we can reach our vision for a connected multi-modal and inter-modal transportation system. Imua Hawai‘i! NEIL ABERCROMBIE Governor, State of Hawai‘i Director’s Message Today’s transportation challenges are being faced locally, statewide, nationally, and at the global level. Today’s needs and priority concerns require focused examination of such important matters as: multi-modal transportation systems to ensure seamless inter-modal connections within modes and between modes, people movement that encompasses bicycling and pedestrians, preservation of the environment in the creation and operation of transportation facilities, and supporting a sustainable lifestyle in response to forecasted changes. The job now entails—to a greater and greater degree—understanding statewide goals for job development, clean energy, and food self-sufficiency, and tracking the demographics of our population for responses to the growing number of those who must make special or regular arrangements when establishing their personal mobility. Let’s look at the myriad of challenges not as problems, but opportunities to build upon. The three volumes of the Hawaii Statewide Transportation Plan: Hawaii’s Multi-modal and Inter-modal Network (HSTP), address these transportation issues. The first volume sets the HSTP Goals and Objectives for transportation planners, goals which can be applied to all modes of travel. The second volume comprises ten issue papers that speak to emerging issues such as: our aging population; fuel and energy; and connecting land use and transportation planning. The third volume contains several technical reports, including population and economic forecasts, the results of the public outreach for this plan, a statewide telephone survey, and a report on transportation trends, data, and indicators. The HSTP provides a starting point by providing the venue and the considerations that are necessary so that together, we can move forward toward a new day in transportation. Mahalo, Glenn M. Okimoto, Ph.D. Director, State of Hawai‘i Department of Transportation HAWAII STATEWIDE TRANSPORTATION PLAN: TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ....................................................................................................... i Chapter I: Goals & Objectives .......................................................................1 Chapter II: Transportation Influencers ........................................................ 23 2035 Population & Socio-Economic Forecasts .................................. 24 Land Use in Hawaii ............................................................................ 29 Federal Eight Planning Factors .......................................................... 33 Emerging Issues ................................................................................ 35 Chapter III: Existing Systems ....................................................................... 51 State and Federal Laws and Regulations ........................................... 61 Chapter IV: Updated Framework for Planning ............................................ 69 Chapter V: Data Systems ............................................................................. 95 2010 Transportation Data, Trends, and Indicators Report ................ 96 Natural Resource Agencies and Databases for Hawaii ...................... 97 GIS Layers and Land Use Maps ........................................................ 104 Performance Measures ................................................................... 109 Chapter VI: Financial Systems ................................................................... 113 Chapter VII: Public Participation ............................................................... 127 References ................................................................................................ 131 Table of Contents List of Figures Figure 1: Annual Vehicle Miles Traveled, by County ....................................................................... 5 Figure 2: In a statewide telephone survey, people were asked, “Has travel on roadways, inter-island air, and water gotten better, stayed the same or gotten worse?” .................................................................................................................. 5 Figure 3: Traffic Fatalities, by County, 2004-2008 .......................................................................... 7 Figure 4: In a statewide telephone survey, people were asked to allocate funds between repair, safety, and new facilities .......................................................................... 7 Figure 5: Stakeholder Workshop Response to Air System Security Question.................................. 9 Figure 6: Model of Sea Level in Hawaii Reaching One Meter Above Present by 2100 ................... 11 Figure 7: Stakeholder Workshop Response to Global Warming, Climate Change, and Sea Level Rise for the State’s Transportation System................................................. 11 Figure 8: Overseas Airline Passenger Volumes ............................................................................. 13 Figure 9: Waterborne Commerce, Oahu ...................................................................................... 13 Figure 10: Waterborne Commerce, Maui, Hawaii, and Kauai ....................................................... 13 Figure 11: Stakeholder Workshop Expectations for Harbor Expansion by 2035 ............................ 13 Figure 12: Hawaii Liquid Fuel Use for Transportation and other purposes .................................. 15 Figure 13: Behavior Resulting from Rising Gas Prices .................................................................. 15 Figure 14: HDOT Airports Operations Projections ........................................................................ 17 Figure 15: HDOT Highways Operations Projections ...................................................................... 17 Figure 16: HDOT Harbors Operations Projections ........................................................................ 17 Figure 17: Support for Transportation Planning Alternatives ....................................................... 19 Figure 18: Stakeholder Attitudes’ Towards Policy Plans ............................................................... 19 Figure 19: 2035 Population Forecast ............................................................................................ 24 Figure 20: Age Distribution of Population 2010 vs. 2035 .............................................................. 24 List of Figures (cont.) Figure 21: Expected Job Growth, 2005-2035 ............................................................................... 25 Figure 22: Jobs by Statewide Industry .......................................................................................... 25 Figure 23: Visitor Days Forecast ................................................................................................... 25 Figure 24: Transportation Mode Used to Commute to Work ....................................................... 26 Figure 25: Pedestrian Deaths, Hawaii Residents, 2000-2004 ........................................................ 27 Figure 26: Linking Planning and NEPA .......................................................................................... 43 Figure 27: Lands