Archaeological Test Pit Excavations in Castleton, Derbyshire, 2008 and 2009 Catherine Collins 2 Archaeological Test Pit Excavations in Castleton, Derbyshire in 2008 and 2009 By Catherine Collins 2017 Access Cambridge Archaeology Department of Archaeology and Anthropology University of Cambridge Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3QG 01223 761519 [email protected] http://www.access.arch.cam.ac.uk/ (Front cover images: view south up Castle Street towards Peveril Castle, 2008 students on a trek up Mam Tor and test pit excavations at CAS/08/2 – copyright ACA & Mike Murray) 3 4 Contents 1 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................... 7 2 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 ACCESS CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 8 2.2 THE HIGHER EDUCATION FIELD ACADEMY ............................................................................................ 8 2.3 TEST PIT EXCAVATION AND RURAL SETTLEMENT STUDIES ...................................................................... 9 3 AIMS, OBJECTIVES AND DESIRED OUTCOMES ........................................................................ 10 3.1 AIMS ........................................................................................................................................................... 10 3.2 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................ 10 3.3 OUTCOMES .............................................................................................................................................. 10 4 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................. 11 ON-SITE FINDS IDENTIFICATION AND RETENTION ........................................................................................... 11 ON-SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SUPERVISION ...................................................................................................... 11 TEST PIT CLOSING AND BACKFILLING ............................................................................................................. 12 RECORDING .................................................................................................................................................... 12 FINDS PROCESSING AND RECORDING .............................................................................................................. 12 5 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY....................................................................................................... 14 6 LOCATION ............................................................................................................................................ 15 7 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ......................................................... 18 7.1 PREHISTORIC ........................................................................................................................................ 18 7.2 ROMANO-BRITISH ................................................................................................................................ 19 7.3 ANGLO SAXON ..................................................................................................................................... 20 7.4 MEDIEVAL ............................................................................................................................................ 20 7.5 POST MEDIEVAL AND LATER ................................................................................................................. 21 7.6 UNDATED ............................................................................................................................................. 23 8 RESULTS OF THE TEST PIT EXCAVATIONS IN CASTLETON ................................................ 24 8.1 2008 EXCAVATIONS .............................................................................................................................. 25 8.2 2009 EXCAVATIONS .............................................................................................................................. 32 9 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................................................... 37 10 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................................... 38 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................... 39 12 REFERENCES: ...................................................................................................................................... 40 13 APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................................... 42 13.1 2008 POTTERY REPORT – C.G. CUMBERPATCH ................................................................................ 42 13.2 2009 POTTERY REPORT – C.G. CUMBERPATCH ................................................................................ 46 13.3 OTHER FINDS – CATHERINE COLLINS ................................................................................................ 51 13.3.1 2008 excavations ................................................................................................................... 51 13.3.2 2009 excavations ................................................................................................................... 54 13.4 MAPS ............................................................................................................................................... 57 5 List of Figures Figure 1: Location map of the Peak District National Park within the UK and the location of Castleton (in red) within the park ........................................................................................................................ 15 Figure 2: Outline extent of Castleton Parish © Crown Copyright/database right 2017. An Ordnance Survey/EDINA supplied service, 1: 20,000 ......................................................................................... 16 Figure 3: Extent of the Conservation Area in Castleton © Crown Copyright/database right 2017. An Ordnance Survey/EDINA supplied service, 1: 5,000 .......................................................................... 17 Figure 4: The two years of test pitting in Castleton (NB test pits not to scale) © Crown Copyright/database right 2017. An Ordnance Survey/EDINA supplied service, 1: 5,000 .................. 24 Figure 5: Location map of the 2008 test pits in Castleton (NB test pits not to scale) © Crown Copyright/database right 2017. An Ordnance Survey/EDINA supplied service, 1: 5,000 .................. 25 Figure 6: Location map of CAS/08/1 ................................................................................................... 26 Figure 7: Location map of CAS/08/2 ................................................................................................... 27 Figure 8: Location map of CAS/08/3 ................................................................................................... 28 Figure 9: Location map of CAS/08/4 ................................................................................................... 29 Figure 10: Location map of CAS/08/5 ................................................................................................. 30 Figure 11: Location map of CAS/08/6 ................................................................................................. 31 Figure 12: Location map of the 2009 test pits in Castleton (NB test pits not to scale) © Crown Copyright/database right 2017. An Ordnance Survey/EDINA supplied service, 1: 5,000 .................. 32 Figure 13: Location map of CAS/09/1 ................................................................................................. 33 Figure 14: Location map of CAS/09/2 ................................................................................................. 34 Figure 15: Location map of CAS/09/3 ................................................................................................. 35 Figure 16: Location map of CAS/09/4 ................................................................................................. 36 Figure 17: High medieval pottery distribution map from the Castleton test pts © Crown Copyright/database right 2017. An Ordnance Survey/EDINA supplied service ................................. 58 Figure 18: Post medieval pottery distribution map from the Castleton test pts © Crown Copyright/database right 2017. An Ordnance Survey/EDINA supplied service ................................. 59 Figure 19: 19th century and later pottery distribution map from the Castleton test pts © Crown Copyright/database right 2017. An Ordnance Survey/EDINA supplied service ................................. 60 List of Tables Table 1: Pottery excavated from CAS/08/1 ........................................................................................ 26 Table 2: Pottery excavated from CAS/08/2 .......................................................................................