An Edition of the Cartulary of St. Mary's Collegiate Church, Warwick Volume 1 of 2 Charles Richard Fonge submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ,. University of York Department of History October 1999 Abstract This thesis is an edition of the fifteenth-century cartulary of the collegiate church of St. Mary and All Saints, Warwick (founded c. 1123). The cartulary, whose documents span the period 1100-1500, has been edited in full. Each document has been dated, is preceded by a summary in English, and followed by notes on the text. These include references to originals, other manuscript and printed copies, variant readings from contemporary copies, and furnish reasons for assigning a particular date, besides biographical and contextual information relating to the document and those mentioned within it. A full introduction to the cartulary and editorial method is given at the beginning of the edition itself. Appended to the edition is also a biographical index of the college's fasti and an edited version of an important set of its 1441 statutes. A more contextual introduction to this edition consists of five chapters, which explore the college's history and development and form the initial volume. The first chapter deals with the foundation of church and college and the importance of their Anglo-Saxon past, in which context Norman contributions must be viewed. Chapter 2 defines le constitution of the college and explores the interplay between individual and community, personality and politics, in shaping its legislation, constitution and the practice of each. Chapter 3 examines the place of the collegiate church as an institution in the diocesan and politico-economic frameworks of the later Middle Ages, before assessing relations between St. Mary's and the diocese of Worcester. Chapter 4 investigates the college's acquisition of property and the patronal, institutional, political and economic forces that most affected the scale and form of acquisition and how, in turn, these interacted with the college's constitutional make-up and functioning. In the final chapter the role of the college's patrons is explored, with particular attention being paid to the Beauchamp earls of Warwick. 2 Contents List of Tables, Figures and Illustrations 4 Abbreviations 5 Acknowledgments 6 Introduction 7 Chapter 1 The Legacy of All Saints and the Foundation of St. MarY's 13 Chapter 2 St. Mary's Constitutional Development 55 Constitutional Development from the Foundation, c. 1123-1367 56 The Antigua Unio and Whittlesey's Statutes of 1367 68 St. Mary's Chapter Enactments, 1367-1440 74 Bourgchier's Statutes, 1441 83 To the Dissolution 94 Constitutional Themes and Development 97 Chapter 3 St. Mary's and the Diocese of Worcester 101 Chapter 4 St. Mary's and the Acquisition of Property 140 Chapter 5 Patronage and the Collegiate Church 178 Conclusion 217 Bibliography 225 Manuscript Primary Sources 225 Printed Primary Sources 229 Printed Secondary Sources 242 Unpublished Theses and Papers 278 Volume 2 Contents ii Introduction iii Editorial Method xxi Edition of the Cartulary of St. Mary's Collegiate Church, Warwick 1 Bishop Bourgchier's Statutes, 1441 446 Biographical Index of the Fasti of St. Mary's Collegiate Church, Warwick 464 Abbreviations and References 465 Succession of Fasti to Prebends 468 Biographical Index of St. Mary's Fasti 477 3 List of Tables, Figures and Illustrations Volume 1 Table 1 Episcopal Foundation and Possession of Collegiate Churches, 1120-1340 107 Figure 1 St. Mary's in later Saxon Warwick 31 Volume 2 Table 1 Letter-Coding of Cartulary Documents V Table 2 Arrangement of St. Mary's Cartulary Vii Figure 1 Chronological Arrangement of Documents (by folio) Figure 2 Chronological Arrangement of Documents (by document number) Figure 3 Chronological Arrangement of Documents (by document number) Figure 4 Cartulary Documents, 1100-1525 Figure 5 Dates and Distribution of Memoranda Figure 6 Classification of Cartulary Documents Figure 7 Document Types in St. Mary's Cartulary Figures 8.1-2 Cartulary Documents (Document Types, 1100-1525) Figures 9.1-2 Cartulary Documents (Document Types, by folio) Figure 10 Warwick in the Later Middle Ages Figure 11 St. Mary's Interior in the Middle Ages Illustrations Henry Rumworth (d. October 1420) 464 4 Abbreviations BCA Birmingham City Archives BL British Library CAD Catalogue of Ancient Deeds Cal. Doc. France Calendar of Documents preserved in France Cal. Inq. p.m. Calendar of Inquisitions post mortem C.Ch.R Calendar of Charter Rolls CCR Calendar of Close Rolls CFR Calendar of Fine Rolls CPL Calendar of Papal Letters CPP Calendar of Papal Petitions CPR Calendar of Patent Rolls CRR Curia Regis Rolls CUL Cambridge University Library EEA English Episcopal Acta EETS Early English Text Society HWRO Hereford and Worcester Record Office LAO Lincolnshire Archive Office LCL Lichfield Cathedral Library LPL Lambeth Palace Library LRO Lichfield Record Office Monasticon Dugdale, Monasticon Anglicanum N.S. New Style n.s. new series O.S. Old Style o.s. original series PUE Holtzmann (ed.), Papsturkunden in England PRO Public Record Office SBT Shakespeare's Birthplace Trust Record Office VCH Victoria County History WCL Worcester Cathedral Library WRO Warwick Country Record Office For the printed works whose abbreviations are given here, full bibliographic references can be found in the bibliography. 5 Acknowledgments I would like to take this opportunity to thank those whose help and support over the past three years have made this thesis possible. I am particularly grateful to Professor C.N.L. Brooke, Dr A. Buchanan, Mrs M. Cheney, Professor M.C. Cross, Dr C.R.E. Cubitt, Professor C. Harper-Bill, Dr P.M. Hoskin, Professor R. Marks, Dr S.R. Rees Jones, Professor J.E. Sayers and Mr C.C. Webb, who have all provided help, references, welcome comment and criticism. Dr Philippa Hoskin, especially, has read much of this thesis and her suggestions and support have been truly appreciated. My warmest thanks are also extended to all the staff of the British Library; Coventry City Record Office; the Minster Library, York; the Public Record Office; Shakespeare's Birthplace Trust Record Office, Stratford-upon-Avon; Warwick Record Office; Worcester Cathedral Library and Worcester Record Office. Most of all I should like to thank the staff of the Borthwick Institute of Historical Research, York, who have helped my work and spirits immeasurably during these years. For the trouble I have caused, I apologise! In recognition of past debts, my gratitude goes to Mrs Shaw and Mr Nield, and friends and staff at York and University College London. To Professor David Smith, who has supervised this thesis, I owe my largest debt of gratitude. His help, friendship and guidance have been as constant as they have been invaluable. His teaching and advice have saved me from countless errors, his careful reading of the text from many more. For his time, support and encouragement I shall remain indebted. Above all I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my parents for their unfailing help and encouragement. Their support has meant everything and to them I dedicate this work. 6 Introduction Sanctificavi domum hanc, quam aedificasti, ut ponerem nomen meum ibi in sempiternum, et erunt oculi mei et cor meum ibi cunctis diebusl The fifteenth-century cartulary of St. Mary's, Warwick, (an edition of which forms the basis of this thesis) is not only a valuable source for the history of this town and church but, equally importantly, it enables further light to be cast upon the secular college more generally. The collegiate church and its function within, and contributions to, medieval society has received relatively scant attention since the death of Alexander Hamilton Thompson in 1952.2 This author published widely on the subject of their constitutions and made available in print various statutes, visitation records and histories pertaining to a variety of these colleges of secular canons.' Thereafter historical interest has been piecemeal. The largest corpus of work belongs to those studying the secular cathedral chapters 4 and Saxon minsters (an antecedent of the post-Conquest college). 5 This is followed by studies concerning the royal free chapels (secular colleges in the patronage of the Crown and usually exempt fram the jurisdiction of '"I have hallowed this house, which thou has built, to put my name there forever; and mine eyes and mine heart shall be there perpetually" 1 Kings, 9:3. All biblical quotations are taken from Biblia Sacra Vulgatae Editionis Sixti U Pont. Max. jusso recognita et Clementis VIII auctorit ate edita (Tournai, 1881) and The Bible: Authorized King James Version with Apocrypha (World's Classics, Oxford, 1997). 2D.M. Smith,`Alexander Hamilton Thompson' in C. Sturman (ed.), Some Historians of Lincolnshire: lectures delivered in 1989 (Occasional Papers in Lincolnshire History and Archaeology, 9, Lincoln, 1992), pp. 61-6. 'A. Hamilton Thompson, 'Notes on Colleges of Secular Canons in England', Archaeological Journal, 74 (1917), pp. 139-239; 'English Colleges of Chantry Priests', Transactions of the Ecclesiological Society, 1 (n.s.) (1943), pp. 92-108; 'The Statutes of the Collegiate Church of St. Mary and All Saints, Fotheringhay', Archaeological Journal, 75 (1918), pp. 241-309; 'A Gnosall Lawsuit of 1395', Staffordshire Historical Collections (3rd ser., 1927), pp. 80-110; 'The Collegiate Churches of the Bishoprick of Durham', Durham University Journal, 36:2 (1944), pp. 33-42; 'The Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Southwell', Thoroton Society, 15 (1912), pp. 15-62; 'Early History of the College of Irthlingborough', Associated Architectural Societies Reports and Papers, 35:2 (1920), pp. 267-92; 'The Chapel of St. Peter at Kirkby-upon-Wreak (Kirby Bellars): Documents from the Lincoln Episcopal Registers with an Introduction by A.H. Thompson', Transactions ofthe Leicestershire Archaeological Society, 16 (1929-31), pp.