Cover and section photo credits Cover Photo: “Sri Lanka edited-83” (Sri Lanka) by David Cuesta is licensed under CC BY-2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/134799880@N06/26387212969/in/photolist-GcKn6K Country Overview Section Photo: “0000-Kandy” (Kandy, Central, Sri Lanka) by Xiquinhosilva is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/xiquinho/3446264167/in/photolist-6fx1gH Disaster Overview Section Photo: “IMG_5210” (Koslanda, Sri Lanka) by Vikalapa, Groundviews is licensed under CC BY-2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/vikalpasl/15096952933/in/photolist-p11QyU Organization Structure for DM Section Photo: “161123-M-WQ703-010” (Trincomalee, Sri Lanka) by COMSEVENTHFLT is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/us7thfleet/31297576390/in/photolist-6wgkM6 Infrastructure Section Photo: “Colombo, Sri Lanka” (Colombo, Sri Lanka) by Patty Ho is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/patio/8512517143/in/photolist-dYdSLX Health Section Photo: “05810026” (Sri Lanka) by IAEA Imagebank, David Kinley is licensed under CC BY-2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/iaea_imagebank/8435085952/in/photolist-4fWvZf Women, Peace and Security Section Photo: “Woman Security Guard at Temple of the Tooth” (Kandy, Sri Lanka) by Adam Jones is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/adam_jones/14156225823/in/photolist-xuw532 Conclusion Section Photo: “Federation of Self Employees Market” (Pettah, Colombo, Sri Lanka) by yeowatzup is licensed under CC BY-2.0 https://www.flickr.com/photos/yeowatzup/18436716946/in/photolist-u6bZC7 Appendices Section Photo: “Splash, splash” (Colombo, Sri Lanka) by Jerome Decq is licensed under CC BY-2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/lesphotosdejerome/8435625685/in/photolist-dRqMCa 2 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Table of Contents Welcome - Note from the Director ...........................................................................................................7 About the Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance ...............8 Disaster Management Reference Handbook Series Overview ......................................................9 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................10 Country Overview ..........................................................................................................12 Culture .......................................................................................................................................................12 Demographics .........................................................................................................................................13 Ethnic Makeup .................................................................................................................................13 Key Population Centers ................................................................................................................13 Language ...........................................................................................................................................14 Religion ..............................................................................................................................................14 Vulnerable Groups .........................................................................................................................14 Economics ................................................................................................................................................17 Government .............................................................................................................................................18 Environment ............................................................................................................................................19 Geography ........................................................................................................................................19 Borders ...............................................................................................................................................20 Climate ...............................................................................................................................................20 Climate Change ...............................................................................................................................20 Disaster Overview .........................................................................................................22 Hazards ......................................................................................................................................................22 Recent History of Natural Disasters .................................................................................................23 Country Risks ...........................................................................................................................................24 Country Risk Profile ........................................................................................................................24 Sri Lanka Disaster Management Reference Handbook | December 2017 3 Organizational Structure for Disaster Management ..................................................26 Lead Government Agencies in Disaster Response ....................................................................26 Organizations in Sri Lanka ..................................................................................................................28 The Sri Lanka Red Cross Society (SLRCS) ................................................................................30 U.S. Government Agencies in Sri Lanka .........................................................................................30 Participation in International Organizations ................................................................................31 Foreign Disaster Relief and Emergency Response .....................................................................32 Laws, Policies, and Plans on Disaster Management ..................................................................32 Education and Training ........................................................................................................................33 Disaster Management Communications.......................................................................................33 Early Warning Systems ..................................................................................................................33 Responsible Agencies for Flood and Storm Warning ........................................................33 Military .......................................................................................................................................................34 Infrastructure .................................................................................................................36 Airports ......................................................................................................................................................36 Seaports ....................................................................................................................................................36 Land Routes .............................................................................................................................................37 Roads ...................................................................................................................................................37 Railways ..............................................................................................................................................38 Waterways .........................................................................................................................................39 Schools ......................................................................................................................................................40 Communications ....................................................................................................................................40 Utilities .......................................................................................................................................................41 Power ..................................................................................................................................................41 Water and Sanitation .....................................................................................................................41 Health .............................................................................................................................44 Health Overview.....................................................................................................................................44 Healthcare System Structure .............................................................................................................44 4 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Challenges in the Healthcare System ......................................................................................44 Health Cooperation ...............................................................................................................................45