History of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison History of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Volume 2 Students, Personnel, and Programs Russell Middleton Professor Emeritus of Sociology University of Wisconsin-Madison Anthropocene Press Madison, Wisconsin 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Russell Middleton All rights reserved Anthropocene Press Madison, Wisconsin Book Cover Design by Tugboat Design Interior Formatting by Tugboat Design Vol. 2 ISBN: 978-0-9990549-1-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017908418 Front cover, vol. 2: Air view of Bascom Hill Photo by Jeff Miller, University of Wisconsin-Madison Publisher’s Cataloging-in-Publication data Names: Middleton, Russell, author. Title: History of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, volume 2 : stu- dents , personnel , and programs. Description: Includes bibliographical references. Madison, WI: Anthropocene Press, 2017. Identifiers: ISBN 978-0-9990549-1-8 | LCCN 2017908418 Subjects: LCSH University of Wisconsin—Madison. Department of Sociology. | Uni- versity of Wisconsin—Madison—History. | Sociology—Study and teaching—Histo- ry—United States. | BISAC EDUCATION / Higher | EDUCATION / Organizations & Institutions | HISTORY / United States / State & Local / Midwest (IA, IL, IN, KS, MI, MN, MO, ND, NE, OH, SD, WI) Classification: LCC LD6128 .M54 vol. 2 2017 | DDC 378.775/83—dc23 CONTENTS Volume 2 Students, Personnel, and Programs Chapter 1: Graduate Education 1 Chapter 2: Graduate Student Voices 40 Chapter 3: Undergraduate Education 94 Chapter 4: Teaching and Service 120 Chapter 5: Classified or University Staff and Academic Staff 142 Chapter 6: The Social Systems Research Institute (SSRI) 167 Chapter 7: Demography and Ecology and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study 183 The Center for Demography and Ecology 183 The Wisconsin Longitudinal Study and Social Stratification Research 210 Center for Demography of Health and Aging 220 The Applied Population Laboratory 227 Chapter 8: Computing, Methodology, and Survey Research 230 Computing and Quantitative Analysis 230 Methodology 239 Survey Research 251 Chapter 9: Early Training Programs—Medical Sociology, Law and Society, Economic Change and Development 257 Medical Sociology and Health Services 257 Law and Society 273 The Sociology of Economic Change and Development 287 Chapter 10: Social Organization, Class Analysis, and Economic Sociology 321 Social Organization 321 Class Analysis and Historical Change and the A. E. Havens Center 332 COWS, Economic Sociology, and New Parties 340 Chapter 11: Selected Subject Areas—Gender, Race, and Sports 357 Gender Studies 357 Race and Ethnic Studies 364 The Sociology of Sport 421 Current Research and Interest Areas of the Faculty 437 Other Centers and Institutes 440 A Final Word 441 References 443 Appendices 515 Appendix A: Sociology Faculty Outside the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1874—2016 517 Appendix B: Sociology Faculty in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1911—2016 529 Appendix C: Wisconsin PhDs Granted in Sociology, 1909-2016 533 This is a continuation of Volume 1 of the History of Sociology at UW-Madison. Volume 1 contains: • The story of John Bascom, President of UW, 1874-1887, progenitor of “The Wisconsin Idea, and first person to teach sociology at UW • Richard T. Ely, economist-sociologist who built UW as a leading cen- ter for social science at the turn of the 20th century. His “heresy trial” led to the Regents’ “sifting & winnowing” declaration. • John R. Commons, a sociologist who became the leader of the insti- tutional economists at UW—but tainted by racism, like many pro- gressives of the period • E. A. Ross, a progressive economist who shifted to sociology after be- ing fired at Stanford. A pioneer in social psychology and social con- trol. A crusader for academic freedom and a fearless public intellec- tual who was probably the world’s most famous sociologist between 1900 and 1930. Also tainted by racism in his early years. • Other famous early sociologists, including John L. Gillin, Kimball Young, and Samuel Stouffer • C. J. Galpin, the chief founder of rural sociology, human ecology, and empirical research at UW, and John H. Kolb, the founder of the De- partment of Rural Sociology • Anthropology in the department in the 1930’s: Ralph Linton and Charlotte Gower • The intersecting lives and conflicts of C. Wright Mills, Don Martin- dale, Hans Gerth, and Howard P. Becker • The enigmatic personalities of Hans Gerth and Howard P. Becker, and the latter’s disruptive influence in the department • The movement toward interdisciplinary research organizations in America, and Wisconsin’s failed efforts to create such units and at- tract foundation funding • The declining reputation of UW Sociology in the 1930s to 1950s, and the lack of research funding for the social sciences by the UW admin- istration, government agencies, and private foundations. • Wisconsin Sociology’s turnaround between 1958 and 1980, initiated by William H. Sewell and carried forward by many others • Rural Sociology’s growth, reorientation, and renaming as Communi- ty and Environmental Sociology • Attacks on civil liberties and academic freedom • Wisconsin student protests and demonstrations, 1960-1974 • Political threats to UW and Wisconsin unions, 2010-2016 CHAPTER 1 Graduate Education PhDs and Master’s Degrees Granted Wisconsin sociologists have contributed greatly to the discipline of sociol- ogy, not just through their research and publications, but through the edu- cation and training of new professional sociologists. Since the first graduate degree in sociology was granted in 1909, 1133 persons have earned PhDs and 1595 have completed master’s degrees. (See Table 8.) The University of Wisconsin has had one of the larger programs since the early days of the dis- cipline, and its graduates are widely spread throughout the land and abroad in universities and government agencies. Table 8. PhDs and Master’s Degrees Granted, 1909-2014 Years PhDs Master’s Degrees 1909-1919 7 20 1920-1929 28 25 1930-1939 35 72 1940-1949 46 62 1950-1959 67 102 1960-1969 79 242 1970-1979 218 296 1980-1989 180 260 1990-1999 168 249 2000-2009 155 173 2010-2016 150 94 Total Years 1133 1595 SOURCES: GILLIN, N.D., “HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY,” (UW ARCHIVES 7/33/4, BOX 18); UW SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT FILES. 1 H W S, . Ross and Gillin were the principal self-identified sociologists in the de- partment during the early years when the Department of Political Economy started offering PhDs and master’s degrees in sociology, though Ely and Commons also played important roles and sometimes asserted their identi- ty as sociologists. During the first eleven years between 1909 and 1919, only seven PhDs and 20 master’s degrees were granted in sociology, but during the 1920s the production of PhDs quadrupled. They increased another 25 percent in the 1930s and reached a new high of seven per year in 1940 and 1941. Then with the start of World War II the numbers fell sharply while many young men were in the armed forces, but they recovered in the late 1940s and averaged about six per year in the 1950s and early 1960s. There was a sharp turn upward starting in 1966, when 13 PhDs were granted, and the number has been in double figures every year since then. I suspect that the explosion in numbers in the late 1960s and 1970s was a response to the social activism of the 1960s—the Civil Rights Movement, the Peace Movement, the Women’s Rights Movement, the Environmental Movement, and movements for the rights of various minority groups. There was a spirit of idealism that led many college students to turn to sociology as a vocation that might also permit them to address their social concerns in some way. Because there is a lag of several years between entering a grad- uate program and completing a degree, the peak year for sociology PhDs at Wisconsin was 1973 when 30 were granted, and for master’s degrees 1970, when 51 were completed. Though the University of Wisconsin was one of the centers of activism in the 1960s and had a reputation as a liberal campus, similar things were happening across the nation. The 1970s represented a high-water mark for the granting of PhDs in sociology nationally, with 1975-76 representing the peak with 729 granted (National Center for Edu- cation Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, Table 325.92). The number of PhDs and master’s degrees declined somewhat at Wisconsin in the 1980s and a little more in the 1990s, then nosed down sharply in the 2000s. The yearly production of PhDs has increased sharply again since 2010, but mas- ter’s degrees have continued to decline slightly. The 1130 PhDs awarded by the University of Wisconsin in sociology no doubt constitutes a significant portion of the total number of sociology PhDs produced by American universities. How does the Wisconsin department compare with other leading departments? The National Science Foundation has done annual surveys of sociology PhDs awarded in the United States since 1966. I am not aware of any studies of the accuracy of the surveys, which, like all similar surveys, depend on the record-keeping, cooperation, and diligence of personnel at a great many reporting units. Their figures by department have not yet been published, but with the help of Michael Kisielewski and the research staff at the American Sociological Association, 2 G E I have been able to download the relevant data from the WebCASPAR da- tabase. The NSF sociology data by department for the period 1966 to 2011 are shown for the forty largest programs in Table 9. During this period 182 different American universities granted at least one PhD in sociology, but the 55 smallest programs produced only 148—less than ten each—constitut- ing only 0.6 percent of the total. Even the smallest 100 programs produced only 3188—less than 130 each—and made up only 12 percent of the total.