Analytical Psychology The Jungian approach to analysis and psychotherapy has been undergoing an extensive reconsideration during the past decade. Analytical Psychology calls special attention to the areas which have been most impacted: the core con- cepts and practices of the Jungian tradition, along with relevant intellectual and historical background. Internationally renowned authors drawing on the forefront of advances in neuroscience, evolution, psychoanalysis, and philosophical and historical studies, provide an overview of the most important aspects of these develop- ments. Beginning with a chronicle of the history of the Jungian movement, areas covered include: • A background to the notion of “archetype”. • Human development from a Jungian perspective. • A creative extension of Jung’s theory of psychological types. • Re-evaluation of traditional Jungian methods of treatment in the light of contemporary scientific findings. • Jungian development of transference and countertransference. • A new formulation of synchronicity. Analytical Psychology presents a unique opportunity to witness a school of psychotherapy going through a renaissance. Drawing on original insights from its founder, C.G. Jung, this book helps focus and shape the current state of analytical psychology and points to areas for future exploration. Joseph Cambray is the Honorary Secretary of the International Association for Analytical Psychology and co-editor-in-chief of the Journal of Analytical Psychology. Linda Carter is in private practice in Boston, MA and Providence, RI. She is on the faculty of the C.G. Jung Institute of Boston, where she supervises and teaches analysts in training. Advancing Theory in Therapy Series Editor: Keith Tudor Most books covering individual therapeutic approaches are aimed at the trainee/student market. This series, however, is concerned with advanced and advancing theory, offering the reader comparative and comparable coverage of a number of therapeutic approaches. Aimed at professionals and postgraduates, Advancing Theory in Therapy will cover an impressive range of individual theories. With full reference to case studies throughout, each title will • present cutting-edge research findings • locate each theory and its application within its cultural context • develop a critical view of theory and practice Titles in the series Body Psychotherapy Edited by Tree Staunton Transactional Analysis: A Relational Perspective Helena Hargaden and Charlotte Sills Adlerian Psychotherapy: An Advanced Approach to Individual Psychology Ursula E. Oberst and Alan E. Stewart Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy: Theoretical Developments Edited by Windy Dryden Co-Counselling: The Theory and Practice of Re-evaluation Counselling Katie Kauffman and Caroline New Analytical Psychology: Contemporary Perspectives in Jungian Analysis Edited by Joe Cambray and Linda Carter Analytical Psychology Contemporary perspectives in Jungian analysis Edited by Joseph Cambray and Linda Carter First published 2004 by Brunner-Routledge 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex BN3 2FA Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Brunner-Routledge 270 Madison Avenue, New York NY 10016 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004. Brunner-Routledge is an imprint of T&F Informa plc Copyright © 2004 selection and editorial matter, Joseph Cambray and Linda Carter; individual chapters, the contributors. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. This publication has been produced with paper manufactured to strict environmental standards and with pulp derived from sustainable forests. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Analytical psychology / edited by Joseph Cambray and Linda Carter.—1st ed. p. cm. — (Advancing theory in therapy) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58391-998-8 (hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 1-58391-999-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Jungian psychology. I. Cambray, Joseph. II. Carter, Linda. III. Title. IV. Series. BF173.A655 2004 150.19′54–dc22 2004002997 ISBN 0-203-49204-8 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-59372-3 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 1-58391-998-8 (hbk) ISBN 1-58391-999-6 (pbk) Contents List of figures vii List of contributors viii Series preface xi Introduction 1 JOSEPH CAMBRAY AND LINDA CARTER 1 History of analytical psychology 5 THOMAS B. KIRSCH 2 Archetypes: emergence and the psyche’s deep structure 32 GEORGE B. HOGENSON 3 Developmental aspects of analytical psychology: new perspectives from cognitive neuroscience and attachment theory 56 JEAN KNOX 4 Understanding consciousness through the theory of psychological types 83 JOHN BEEBE 5 Analytic methods revisited 116 JOSEPH CAMBRAY AND LINDA CARTER 6 Transference and countertransference: contemporary perspectives 149 JAN WIENER 7 The emerging theory of cultural complexes 176 THOMAS SINGER AND SAMUEL L. KIMBLES vi Contents 8 Spiritual and religious aspects of modern analysis 204 MURRAY STEIN 9 Synchronicity as emergence 223 JOSEPH CAMBRAY 10 The ethical attitude in analytic training and practice 249 HESTER McFARLAND SOLOMON 11 Endnotes 266 BEVERLEY ZABRISKIE Index 273 Figures 4.1 The 16 possible MBTI configurations 104 4.2 Archetypal complexes carrying the eight functions 110 5.1 Nodal network of amplifications 126 5.2 Network around the Calcinatio 127 8.1 Drawing of a dream spider 218 Contributors John Beebe trained as a psychiatrist at Stanford University Medical Center, where he was Chief Resident in 1970–1971. Since 1971, he has been in the private practice of psychotherapy in San Francisco. Trained at the C.G. Jung Institute of San Francisco, he became an analyst in 1978. A past president of the San Francisco Institute, he is active in its training program and is a frequent lecturer internationally on topics related to analytical psychology. He founded the San Francisco Jung Institute Library Journal in 1979, and was the first American co-editor of the Journal of Analytical Psychology from 1990 to 1997. He is the author of Integrity in Depth (1992) and the editor of several books, including C.G. Jung’s Aspects of the Masculine (1989) and Terror, Violence and the Impulse to Destroy (2003). Joseph Cambray, PhD is the Honorary Secretary of the International Associ- ation for Analytical Psychology, co-editor-in-chief of the Journal of Ana- lytical Psychology, and the author of various articles on the theory and practice of Jungian analysis. He is a member of the New England Society of Jungian Analysts, past president of the C.G. Jung Institute, Boston, and is on the faculty of the Center for Psychoanalytic Studies at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University. He maintains private psychotherapy practices in Boston, MA and Providence, RI. Linda Carter, MSN, CS graduated from Georgetown and Yale Universities. She is a graduate of the C.G. Jung Institute of Boston where she is on the faculty, supervising and teaching analysts in training. She has pre- sented papers at national and international conferences including explor- ations of night terrors. She has private practices in Boston, MA and Providence, RI. George B. Hogenson, PhD is a training analyst in the Chicago Society of Jungian Analysts. He is the author of Jung’s Struggle with Freud, and numerous articles on the history and theory of analytical psychology. He holds advanced degrees from Yale University (philosophy) and the Contributors ix University of Chicago (clinical social work) and is a leading exponent of the dynamic systems or emergentist interpretation of Jung’s system of psychology. Samuel L. Kimbles, PhD is a clinical psychologist, Jungian analyst, and organizational consultant. He is an Associate Clinical Professor of Family and Community Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, and maintains a private practice in Santa Rosa and San Francisco, CA. Thomas B. Kirsch, MD is a Jungian analyst in private practice in Palo Alto, CA. He is Past President, C.G. Jung Institute, San Francisco, Past President of the International Association for Analytical Psychology, and member of the Academy of Psychoanalysis. He is also the author of numerous articles and book reviews on analytical psychology, and The Jungians, published by Routledge (2000). Jean Knox, PhD, MBBS, MRCPsych is a psychiatrist and Jungian analyst in private practice in Oxford, and co-editor-in-chief of the Journal of Ana- lytical Psychology. She has published a number of papers exploring the links between analytical psychology and cognitive neuroscience and attachment theory, and her book Archetype, Attachment, Analysis: Jungian Psychology and the Emergent Mind was published by Brunner-Routledge in 2003. Hester McFarland Solomon is Vice President of the IAAP, with past responsibility as Chair of the Ethics Procedures Sub-Committee and Eth- ics Liaison, and is currently Chair of the Grants and Research Sub- Committee. She is a training analyst and supervisor for the Jungian Section of the British Association of Psychotherapists. She has been Chair of the BAP’s Council, its Training Committee, and its Ethics Committee, and is a Fellow of the Association. She has published widely and has co-edited three books: Jungian Thought