Master Plan on water supply and sanitation for the Nirnova river basin European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+) MASTER PLAN ON WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION FOR THE NIRNOVA RIVER BASIN Republic of Moldova DRAFT VERSION Draft version 22 March 2021 1 Master Plan on water supply and sanitation for the Nirnova river basin Beneficiaries IWRM department of the MARDE (legislation and supervision), Mayors’ association of the Nârnova basin (Planning support and follow up of implementation) in coordination with the Nisporeni and Hâncesti rayons councils Produced by OIKUMENA Public Association Authors Tudor Castravet, Team Manager, AO OIKUMENA; Veaceslav Vladicescu, Expert, ECOLOGIE-EXPERT S.R.L., Tatiana Ilescu, Expert, ECOLOGIE- EXPERT S.R.L. Produced for: International Office for Water (France), as contracting authority in EUWI+East member state consortium, responsible for this pilot implementation action foreseen in the future RBM plan. Contract follow up insured by Pierre Henry de Villeneuve, Jean-Marc Berland and Camille Madec (IOWater), Victor Bujac and Svetlana Stirbu (National EUWI+ Project Representatives in Moldova) Supervision Iurie Levinschi, president of the Rayon Hâncesti Vasile Marcuta, president of the Rayon Nisporeni In close coordination with the association of mayors and in particular Svetlana Duca in her role of animator, and Apele Moldovei (Liliana Povar - Directia alimentare cu apa si canalizare) Date March 11, 2021 Version draft Acknowledgements: Solidarity Water Europe for offering its support in particular for the creation of a pilot governance scheme for inter-municipality management at Nirnova basin scale and supporting anilation of the stakeholders’ involvement Financed by: European Union Co-financed by: Artois-Picardie Water Agency (France) for the implementing Member State Disclaimer: The EU-funded program European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+) is im-plemented by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), both responsible for the implementation of Result 1, and an EU Mem-ber States Consortium comprising the Environment Agency Austria (UBA, Austria), the lead coordinator, and the International Office for Water (IOW, France), both responsible for the implementation of Results 2 and 3. The program is co-funded by Austria and France through the Austrian Development Agency and the French Artois-Picardie Water Agency.This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union or of the governments of the Eastern Partnership Countries.This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of, or sovereignty over, any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries, and to the name of any territory, city or area. Imprint Owner and Editor: EU Member State Consortium Umweltbundesamt GmbH International Office for Water (IOW) Spittelauer Lände 5 21/23 rue de Madrid 1090 Vienna, AUSTRIA 75008 Paris, FRANCE Responsible IOW Communication officer: Chloé Dechelette, [email protected] 2 Master Plan on water supply and sanitation for the Nirnova river basin TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ 3 LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... 7 LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. 11 ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................... 14 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................... 15 GLOSSARY ............................................................................................................................ 17 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 19 1.1. Adequate character of the data .................................................................................... 19 2. GENERAL DIAGNOSIS ...................................................................................................... 22 2.1. Summary ......................................................................................................................... 22 2.2. Project area – Nirnova Basin ........................................................................................... 22 2.3. Natural setting .................................................................................................................. 29 2.3.1. Environment .............................................................................................................. 29 2.3.2. Climate ...................................................................................................................... 31 2.3.3. Topography and landscape ...................................................................................... 32 2.3.4. Geology and hydrogeology ....................................................................................... 38 2.3.5. Hydrography ............................................................................................................. 44 2.3.6. Soils .......................................................................................................................... 49 2.3.7. State Protected Natural Areas .................................................................................. 53 2.3.8. Ecological condition and sensitive areas .................................................................. 57 2.4. Infrastructure .................................................................................................................... 58 2.4.1. Land fund .................................................................................................................. 58 2.4.2. Transports ................................................................................................................. 59 2.4.3. Natural gas ............................................................................................................... 62 2.4.4. Electricity .................................................................................................................. 62 2.4.5. Solid waste management .......................................................................................... 62 2.5. Socio-economic evaluation (assessment) ....................................................................... 62 2.5.1. Socio-economic profile of Nisporeni district .............................................................. 62 2.5.2. Socio-economic profile of the localities in the Nirnova river basin ............................ 67 2.5.3. Analysis of perception and social demand on water supply and sewerage systems 72 2.5.4. Financial aspects of water insurance services and water prices .............................. 72 2.6. Institutional and legal framework ..................................................................................... 78 2.6.1. Development strategies ............................................................................................ 78 2.6.2. Administrative organization ....................................................................................... 79 2.6.3. Institutions at national level ....................................................................................... 80 2.6.4. Institutions at district level ......................................................................................... 84 3 Master Plan on water supply and sanitation for the Nirnova river basin 2.6.5. National legislation in the water supply and sewerage sector .................................. 85 2.6.8. European legislation in the field of water supply and sewerage ............................. 101 2.6.7. International Treaties and Conventions .................................................................. 103 3. ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION REGARDING THE WATER SUPPLY .......................... 104 3.1. Summary .................................................................................................................... 104 3.2. Water resources ......................................................................................................... 105 3.2.1. Water sources in the study area ......................................................................... 105 3.2.2. Surface waters .................................................................................................... 105 3.2.3. Groundwaters ...................................................................................................... 109 3.3. Pollution and impact on water sources ....................................................................... 111 3.4. Existing water infrastructure and current performance ............................................... 113 3.4.1. Existing water infrastructure ................................................................................ 113 3.4.2. Water capture ...................................................................................................... 121 3.4.3. Water treatment .................................................................................................