Astronaut Training Program Release c311c2f, 2019-08-08 Matt Harasymczuk 2019-08-08 GENERAL 1 History of Space Exploration3 1.1 Pioneers of Space Exploration....................................3 1.2 USSR and Russian Federation Space Programs...........................6 1.3 Chinese Programs..........................................6 1.4 International programs........................................7 2 Introductory Course 9 2.1 Basic Training Course........................................9 2.2 Teoretical Education in Technology and Natural Sciences.....................9 2.3 Orbital Mechanics Education....................................9 2.4 Non-technical Operations and Communication...........................9 3 Space Law 11 3.1 Karman Line............................................. 11 3.2 The Outer Space Treaty....................................... 11 3.3 Space Debris............................................. 12 3.4 The Moon Treaty........................................... 12 4 Foreign Language and Culture 13 4.1 Russian Language Learning..................................... 13 4.2 Preparation for Work in Multicultural Environment......................... 13 5 Selection History 15 5.1 US Selections............................................. 15 5.2 Russian / Soviet Selections...................................... 15 5.3 Japanese Selections......................................... 15 5.4 European Selections......................................... 15 5.5 Canadian Selections......................................... 15 5.6 Chinese Selections.......................................... 15 5.7 South Arabian Selections...................................... 15 5.8 Space Tourists Selections...................................... 15 6 Astronaut Selection Process 17 6.1 Astronaut Selection Criteria..................................... 17 6.2 Astronaut Selection in the Government Agencies.......................... 17 7 Robotics Systems Trainig 19 7.1 Canada Arm 2 Manipulator Operations............................... 19 7.2 Spacecraft On-orbit Capture..................................... 19 7.3 Driving Robotic Rovers on Earth from Orbit............................ 19 7.4 Virtual Reality Devices........................................ 19 8 Navigation 21 8.1 Celestial Navigation......................................... 21 8.2 GNC Systems............................................ 21 i 9 Flight Training 23 9.1 High-Performance Jets........................................ 23 9.2 Soyuz - Avionics, Guidance and Navigation Controls........................ 23 9.3 Off-nominal Situations........................................ 23 10 Astronaut Ground Operations 25 10.1 New Equipment Testing....................................... 25 10.2 Help with Training New Astronauts................................. 25 10.3 Working in the Simulators to Fix Problems on Orbit........................ 25 10.4 CapCom............................................... 25 10.5 S.T.E.M. and Space Advocacy.................................... 25 10.6 Mercury, Gemini, Apollo and Apollo Application Era Astronauts Tasks.............. 25 11 Mission Assignment Training 27 11.1 Science, Research and Experiments in Microgravity Environment................. 28 11.2 Low Earth Orbit Exploration..................................... 28 11.3 Astronaut Specializations...................................... 28 11.4 Pre-flight Traditions......................................... 28 12 Trainings and Simulations 29 12.1 Medical, Phisical and Psychological Preparation.......................... 29 12.2 Extreme Environment Survival Training............................... 29 12.3 Microgravity Environment Work Simulation............................ 29 13 Spacecraft Systems 31 14 Extravehicular Activity Trainig 33 14.1 Extravehicular Mobility Unit..................................... 33 14.2 EMU Mainenance.......................................... 33 14.3 EVA Preparation........................................... 33 14.4 EVA Tools Training......................................... 33 14.5 Neutral Buoyancy Trainig...................................... 33 14.6 ISS Systems Instalation and Mainenance.............................. 33 15 ISS Systems Training 35 15.1 Modules Architecture and Traversing ISS.............................. 36 15.2 ISS Systems Usage, Mainenance and Repair............................ 36 15.3 ISS Storage and Catalogue System for Objects and Tools...................... 36 15.4 Radiocommunication Systems.................................... 36 15.5 ISS Orbit Chnages.......................................... 36 15.6 Astronaut Exercise Devices..................................... 36 15.7 Toilet Usage............................................. 36 15.8 Personal Hygiene........................................... 36 15.9 Food Preparation........................................... 36 15.10 Trash Disposal............................................ 36 15.11 ISS Astronaut Sample Time Schedule................................ 36 15.12 Off-nominal ISS Situations..................................... 36 16 Return to Earth 37 16.1 Return to Earth Preparation..................................... 37 16.2 Reentry and Soyuz Spacecraft Landing............................... 37 16.3 Things that Astronauts Do After Landing.............................. 37 17 Space Tourist Training 39 17.1 Space Tourism Definition...................................... 40 17.2 Commercial Companies Offering Space Travel........................... 40 17.3 To-date Space Tourists........................................ 40 17.4 Private Organizations and Commercial Programs.......................... 40 17.5 Commercial Crew Transport Program................................ 40 ii Astronaut Training Program, Release c311c2f, 2019-08-08 Author name Matt Harasymczuk email [email protected] www http://astromatt.space facebook https://facebook.com/matt.harasymczuk linkedin https://linkedin.com/in/mattharasymczuk slideshare https://www.slideshare.net/astromatt/presentations Note: Video materials can be downloaded from: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/ 1rzKBDEePTOXwGJfLJXLpYqCRzotscIuR GENERAL 1 Astronaut Training Program, Release c311c2f, 2019-08-08 2 GENERAL CHAPTER ONE HISTORY OF SPACE EXPLORATION 1.1 Pioneers of Space Exploration 1.1.1 Pioneers of Orbital Mechanics and Celestial Navigation • Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) • Joannes Kepler (1571-1630) • Mikołaj Kopernik • Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) • Isaac Newton (1642-1726) 1.1.2 Pioneers of Rocket Science • Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935) • Robert H. Goddard (1882-1945) • Hermann Oberth (1894-1989) • Wernher von Braun (1912-1977) • Siergiej Pawlovic Korolev 1.1.3 First Unmanned Space Flight • Sputnik 1 (1957-10-04) - First artificial satellite • Explorer 1 (1958-01-31) - Discovery of Van Allen’s radiation belts 1.1.4 First Animal Space Flight • Laika (1957-11-03) • HAM (1961-01-31) • Strelka i Belka (1960-08-19) - Strelka puppy “Pushinka” was presented to JFK in 1961 • Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_space_dogs 3 Astronaut Training Program, Release c311c2f, 2019-08-08 1.1.5 First Human Space Flight • Yuri Gagarin (1961-04-12) - First human in space (orbit) • Alan Shepard (1961-05-05) - First US citizen in space (suborbital) • Valentina Tereshkova (1963-06-16) - First Woman • Alexei Leonov (1965-03-18) - First EVA • Ed White (1965-06-03) - First US spacewalk 1.1.6 Brief history of NASA Space Programs 1.1.7 Mercury Program 1.1.8 Gemini Program 1.1.9 Apollo Program • Decision to go to the moon (1961-05-25) (JFK’s speech at a joint session of Congress) • Rice University (Houston, TX) (1962-09-12) We choose to go to the Moon! We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard; because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one we intend to win, and the others, too. :cite:‘Kennedy1962‘ (Ref: https://er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/ricetalk.htm) • Trajectory to the Moon: – Launch from the Earth – Earth parking orbit – Translunar injection – Spacecraft/Saturn-IVB separation – First midcourse correction (SPS/RCS) – Second midcourse correction (RCS) – Lunar orbit insertion (SPS) – Lunar orbit circuralization (SPS) – Saturn-IVB intu solar Orbit – Landing – EVA – Launc from the Moon – Lunar orbit randezvous – Transearth injection (SPS) – Third midcourse correction (RCS) – Command Module / Service Module separation – Entry – Landing • Apollo 7: 4 Chapter 1. History of Space Exploration Astronaut Training Program, Release c311c2f, 2019-08-08 – First • Apollo 8: – Earth Rise – First circularization of the Moon – Reading from Bible, Genesis • Apollo 10: – Landing rehersal • Apollo 11: – Alarm 1201, 1202 – Low on fuel, because of fly over boulders – Landing: “Houston, Tranquility base here, the Eagle has landed” – EVA: “That’s small step for [a] man, giant leap for a mankind” – Buzz Aldrin • Apollo 12: – Perfect Landing – Surveyor 3 • Apollo 13: – Explosion – “Houston, we have a problem” – Rescue – square filter to round hole • Apollo 14: – Shepard plays golf • Apollo 15: – First use of the Lunar Rover • Apollo 16: • Apollo 17: – First scientist (geologist) – 3 days on the Moon – last mission to date 1.1.10 Skylab Program • 1973-1974 • 28 days • 59 days • 84 days 1.1. Pioneers of Space Exploration 5 Astronaut Training Program, Release c311c2f, 2019-08-08 1.1.11 Space Shuttle Program