Nepali-English Dictionary compiled by Karl-Heinz Kraemer South Asia Institute University of Heidelberg, Germany (under construction; several entries may be incomplete) aba ca abhipret clek|]t (adv.) now, from now on (adj.) planned abaddha cfa4 abhiram cle/fd (n./adj.) bound, tied up confined (adj.) extremely beautiful, sublime abela ca]nf abhiruci cle?lr (n./adj.) lateness, late (n.) inclination, earnest desire, liking aber ca]/ abhivriddhi clej[l4 (adj.) late (n.) development aber bhayo ca]/ eof] abhiyan cleofg (comp.) it is late (n.) expedition, march, exploration abhas cfef; abhiyog cleof]u (n.) glimpse, shadow, reflection, vision, (n.) accusation, allegation, charge faint memory, inkling abhiyukta cleo'Qm abhav cefj (adj.) accused (n.) non-existence, absence, lack, scarcity abhrak ce|s abhaya ceo (n.) mica, talco (a soft mineral) (n.) lacj of fear abhyas cEof; abhibhavak cleefjs (n.) practice (n.) guardian abrak ce|v abhilekh clen]v (n.) mica, talco (a soft mineral) (n.) inscription acamma crDd abhinaya clego (n.) surprise, wonder, amazement (n.) mimicry, imitation acamma lagnu crDd nfUg' abhiprerit clek|]l/t (v.i.) to be surprised, to be amazed, to be (adj.) motivated astonished 02.10.2002 1 acamma parnu crDd kg'{ adalat cbfnt (v.i.) to be surprised, to be amazed, to be (n.) law court astonished adambar cf8Da/ acamma parnu crDd kg'{ (n.) conceit, ostentation (v.t.) to surprise, to amaze, to astonish adan-pradan cfbfg–k|bfg acanak crfgs (n.) giving and taking of things, exchange, (adv.) suddenly, abruptly, unexpectedly social communication, give and take acano crfgf] adarniya cfb/0fLo (n.) cutting board for meat (adj.) respectable, deserving honour acanu crfg' adarniya sadasya cfb/0fLo ;b:o (n.) cutting board for meat (n.) honorary member acar crf/ adarsh cfbz{ (n.) hot and sour pickle, pickles, chutney, (n.) ideal, value salsa adarvaci cfb/jfrL acar cfrf/ (adj.) polite (n.) conduct, behaviour adaunu c8fpg' acaran crf/0f (v.t.) to support, to hold up, to stop (n.) conduct, behaviour, practice adda c•f accer cRr]/ (n.) office; court of law (n.) letter [of the alphabet], [written] character, [except numerals], alphabet, adesh syllable cfb]z (n.) order, instruction, command acel cr]n adha (adv.) these days, nowadays, recently, cfwf presently (adj.) half achut c5't adhai baje c9fO ah] (adj.) untouchable, of lowest caste (adv.) half past two achuti c5'tL adhaini c9fOgL (n.) untouchable, lowest caste (n.) the senior woman in a palace harem achutoddhar c5'tf]4f/ adham cwd (n.) reformation of untouchables (adj.) mean, low, wretched, base, vile ad cf8 adhar cfwf/ (n.) support, prop (n.) foundation, basis, support 02.10.2002 2 adharat cfwf/ft adhyaksha cWoIf (n.) midnight (n.) chief, master, director, chairman, superintendent, supervisor adharbhut cfwf/e"6 adhyay cWofo (adj.) basic, fundamental (n.) chapter, section, canto adharit cfwfl/t adhyayan (adj.) based upon cWoog (n.) study, learning, tuition, perusal adharit cha cfwfl/t 5 adi cflb based upon (n./adj.) beginning, primary, origin, first, basic; etcetera, etc. adharma cwd{ (n.) sinfulness, irreligiousness adijati cflbhflt (n.) tribe, tribal, autoethon adhi cfwL (adj.) almost a half adikal cflbsfn (n.) primeval time adhikar clwsf/ (n.) right, authority, procession, adikaran cflbsf/g proprietorship (n.) first cause, fundamental cause adhikari clwsf/L adikavi (n.) officer, one having authority, cflbslj magistrate, proprietor (n.) first poet, pioneer poet adhikrit clws[t adikavya cflbsfJo (adj.) authorised, vested with authority (n.) first epic, Ramayana adhiraj clw/fh adinu cl8g' (n.) supreme ruler, sovereign, overlord (v.i.) to stop adhirajkumar clw/fhs'df/ adityavar cflbtojf/ (n.) prince (n.) Sunday adhirajya clw/fHo adivasi cflbjfl; (n.) sovereignty, empire, kingdom (n.) aborigine, original inhabitant adhiveshan clwa]zg adkalnu c8\sNg' (n.) session, meeting, sitting (v.t.) to guess adhogati cwf]ult adkanu c8\sg' (n.) fall, downfall, degradation (v.i.) to get stuck, to be stopped, to be halted adhunik cfw'lgs (adj.) modern, recent, current 02.10.2002 3 adkaunu c8\sfpg' aghat cf3ft (v.t.) to cause to stick (n.) blow, assault adnu c8\g' aghaun cf3f}+ (v.i.) to stop, to cease moving (adv.) next year aduva cb'jf aghaunu c3fpg' (n.) ginger (v.i.) to be satisfied with eating advittiya clålQo aghi cl3 (adj.) unparalleled, second-to-none already, before, previously, formerly, facing, in front of, ago, agadha cufw aghi lagnu cl3 nfUg' (adj.) unfathomable, bottomless, deep (v.t.) to go first, to go ahead, to lead, to guide agadi cufl8 (postp.) in front of, before, ahead, toward aghi nai cl3 g} the front, first (adv.) already, long ago agadi badhaunu cufl8 a9fpg' aghi sarnu cl3 ;g'[{ (v.t.) to lead forward (v.i.) to advance, to volunteer, to incite, to instigate agadi badhnu cufl8 a9\g' (v.i.) to advance, to move forward aghi-aghi cl3–cl3 a long time ago, in times gone by agal-bagal cun–aun (adv.) from left to right, on both sides aghillo cl3Nnf] (adj.) first, former, front, anterior, last, agami cfufdL previous (adj.) coming, forthcoming, ensuing aghiltira cl3lNt/ agati cult (adv.) in front of, facing (n.) decline, lack of progress aghi-pachi cl3–kl5 age cfu] some other time, before, on other (adj.) before, future, in furute occasions, generally, usually, in single file, one after another, sequentially, surrounded by agena cu]gf (n.) fireplace, hearth aghisamma cl3;Dd (adv.) until recently ageno cu]gf] (n.) fireplace aglo cUnf] (adj.) tall, high aghadi c3fl8 in front of, before, toward the front, first 02.10.2002 4 aglo cfUnf] ahara cfxf/f (n.) latch, bolt (n.) food, diet aglyaunu cUNofpg' ahat cfxt (v.t.) to lock, to pull to [a door] (adj.) struck, beaten agni clUg ahile clxn] (n.) fire (adv.) now, this time agnikand clUgsf08 aimai cfOdfO{ (n.) fire, conflagration (n.) woman ago cfuf] ain P]g (n.) fire (n.) law, legal code, rule agraha cfu|x aina P]gf (n.) desire, longing, craving, zeal, urging, (n.) mirror, looking glass, pane of glass insistence aincatana P]+rftfgf agulto cu'N6f] (adj.) out of control, controlled by (n.) piece of burning wood outsideforces aguva cu'jf ainselu P]“;]]n' (n./adv.) leader, leading (n.) yellow raspberry agya cf1f aipugnu cfOk'Ug' (n.) order, command, instruction, permission (v.i.) to arrive agyakari cf1fsf/L aitavar cfOtjf/ (adj.) obedient (n.) Sunday agyan v1fg aitihasik P]ltxfl;s (n./adj.) ignorance; ignorant (adj.) historical agyat c1ft aja cfh (adj.) unknown, secret, obscure (adv.) today ahan cx“ aja bihana cfh laxfgf (int.) no (comp.) this morning ahangkar cxÍf/ ajabholi cfhef]ln (n.) arrogance, conceit (adv.) nowadays ahar cfxf/ ajakal cfhsfn (n.) food, diet (adv.) nowadays 02.10.2002 5 ajan chfg akamakka parnu csdSs kfg{ (adj.) ignorant (v.t.) to be confused, to be baffled, to be in a quandary, to be taken aback, to be disconcerted, to be rattled, to hesitate, to ajang chª pause (adj.) huge, very big, enormous, formidable akangksha cfsfª\Iff ajat chft (n.) aspiration (adj.) outcaste, low caste, not born akanksha cfsf+Iff ajatshatru chftzq' (n.) wish, desire, intention (adj.) having no enemy akantak cs06s ajha c´ (adj.) free from trouble, unobstructed, (adv.) still, yet, moreover, now thornless ajhai c´} akapat csk6 (conj.) even then, even now (adj.) guiltless, frank, open ajivan cfhLjg akar cfsf/ (adj.) throughout life, for a whole life-time (n.) size, shape, form, outline akad cs8 akaraniya cs/0fLo (n.) insistence, obstinacy, stubbornness, (adj.) improper, unfit to be performed persistence akarma csd{ akado cs8f] (n.) unnecessary act, wicked act (adj.) obstinate, stubborn akarmak csd{s akal csn (adj.) intransitive wisdom, intelligence, cleverness, knowledge, skilful, clever, wise akarmanya csd{0o (adj.) idle, useless, good for nothing akalpaniya csNkgLo (adj.) unimaginable, unthinkable, akarmi csdL{ inconceivable (n.) a do nothing, sinner, evil-doer, rogue, villain akamakaunu csdsfpg' (v.i.) to hesitate, to pause akarna cs0f{ deaf, having no ear akamakka csdSs (adj.) confused, baffled, disconcerted, akarna csg{ dumbfounded, perplexed (n.) official record, document, list of official records akarsan cfsif{0f (n.) attraction 02.10.2002 6 akartavya cst{Jo akhabar cvaf/ (adj.) improper, unfit to be done (n.) newspaper akartha csfy{ akhir cflv/ (adj.) without cause, pointlessly, in vain (adv.) at last, eventually akash cfsfz akkal cSsn (n.) sky, space (n.) knowledge, cleverness, thought akashe tara-marg cfsfz] akkali cSsnL tf/–dfu{ (adj.) clever, intelligent (n.) cable railway akkase cSsf;] akashvani cfsfZjf0fL (adj.) sky-blue (n.) radio broadcast akkasinu cSsfl;g' akasmat cs:dft (v.i.) to fly up (adv.) suddenly, accidentally, unexpectedly, all of a sudden akraman cfqmd0f (n.) attack, invasion akasmik cfsl:ds (adj.) sudden, abrupt, accidental, casual akrista cfs[i6 (adj.) attracted, drawn, charmed akathaniya csygLo (adj.) inexpressible, indescribable, akriti cfs[lt inexpressible, obscene, indecent (n.) size, shape, form, outline akathya csYo aksar cS;/ (adj.) inexpressible, indescribable, inexpressible, obscene, indecent, filthy, (adv.) often, frequently, usually, many, a lot unutterable akshansh cIff+z akavat csjt (n.) latitude (n.) duty, God akshar cIf/ akbar csa/ (n.) letter [of the alphabet], [written] (n.) name of the third Indian Moghul character, [except numerals], alphabet, Emperor syllable akbare csa/] aksijan clS;hg (adj.) pungent chilli, extraordinary hot (n.) oxygen akbari csa/L alag cnu (adj.) related to Akbar, pure, unadulterated separate, different akelo cs]nf] alainci cn}+rL (adj.) alone (n.) cardamom 02.10.2002 7 alangkar cnÍf/