Product Design GCSE Revision Pack January 2017 Name: ______________________ Form: _________ Subject: Textiles Teacher: Mrs Neep Areas to revise: Smart and Modern Materials Renewable Energy Sources Comparing Traditional and Modern Products Trouser Suits and Ossie Clarke Specifications and Designs What to expect: •1 and a half hours long •There are two parts to the exam; section A and section B •Each section is worth 30 marks Section A: •Spend no more than 45 minutes on this section •There are three questions, worth 10 marks each •These are broken down into (a) (b) (c) etc. •These are general Product Design questions •Each one starts with a picture, but some of the questions are not relevant to the picture •The number of marks for each part is shown in brackets Section B •Spend no more than 45 minutes on this section •You may choose to do this section first •This will be very similar to the real GCSE exam in June •You will be marked on SPAG for the essay question (question 4a) •You must select the “Trouser Suits” and “Ossie Clark” questions Smart materials: BBC Bitesize Smart materials have properties that react to changes in their environment. This means that one of their properties can be changed by an external condition, such as temperature, light, pressure or electrici- ty. This change is reversible and can be repeated many times. There are a wide range of different smart materials. Each offer different properties that can be changed. Shape-memory alloys For most materials, if they are bent out of shape, they stay that way. Howev- er, if a part made from a shape-memory alloy (SMA) is bent out of shape, when it is heated above a certain temperature it will return to its original shape. This property makes it useful for making spectacle frames - they return to their original shape if they are put in hot water after bending them. SMAs are used as triggers to start the sprinklers in fire alarm systems, con- trollers for hot water valves in showers or coffee machines and for spectacle frames. Piezoelectric materials When a piezoelectric material is squeezed rapidly, it produces a small electrical voltage for a moment. If a voltage is put across the material it makes a tiny change in shape. Piezoelectric materials are being used for contact sensors for alarm systems and in microphones and head- phones. Quantum-tunnelling composite Quantum-tunnelling composite (QTC) is a flexible polymer which contains tiny metal particles. It is normally an insulator but if it is squeezed it becomes a conductor. QTC can be used to make membrane switches like those used on mobile phones, pressure sensors and speed controllers. Electroluminescent materials Electroluminescent materials give out light when an electric current is applied to them. Among many pos- sible applications are safety signs and clothing for use at night. Colour-change materials Thermochromic materials change colour as the temperature changes. These are used on contact thermometers made from plastic strips and test strips on the side of batteries (where the heat comes from a resistor under the thermochromic film). They are also used as food packaging materials that show you when the product they contain is cooked to the right temperature. Photochromic materials change colour according to different lighting condi- tions. They are used for security markers that can only be seen in ultraviolet light. Modern, smart and combination fabrics Modern and smart fabrics are designed to maximise characteristics such as lightness, breathability, water- proofing etc, or to react to heat or light. They are usually manufactured using microfibres. Some key modern fabrics and their properties Technology Properties End use Microfibre Woven polyester lightweight raincoats soft active sportswear good drape fashion clothing breathable shower-proof Polar fleece brushed poly- lightweight fleece jumpers and ester soft jackets warp knit breathable blankets warm Gore-Tex Laminated mem- breathable All-weather jackets and brane shoes lightweight waterproof Micro- Different micro- gives off an aromatic underwear encapsulated capsules embed- ded in the fibre or scent anti-bacterial socks fabric can reduce body medical textiles odour can provide vitamins or reduce skin irritation Heat sensitive Thermochromic Micro-encapsulated dye children's clothes can change colour in response to heat (lasts sports clothing for 5-10 washes) firefighters' clothing wound dressings Light sensitive Photochromic dyes Smart pigments change T-shirts colour in response to sunlight military clothing Combination fabrics Fabrics can be layered and combined to improve their handle, appearance or performance. For example: An interfacing fabric such as Vilene can be stitched or laminated to other fabrics. This reinforces, stiffens and gives strength to collars and cuffs to prevent the fabric from stretching or sagging. A quilted fabric has two or more layers sewn together to give an attractive appearance and added warmth. Gore-Tex can be laminated to another fabric using adhesive or heat. Gore-Tex is used for all- weather clothing and shoes because it is breathable and waterproof. Kevlar is a high-strength, lightweight and flexible fibre. It is used in bicycle tyres, racing sails and police bullet-proof vests because of its high strength-to-weight ratio. Thinsulate is a highly insulating but thin fabric. The microfibres in Thinsulate are fine and capture more air in less space, making it a better insulator. It traps air between the wearer and the outside. It can be machine washed and dry cleaned, and is breathable as well as moisture resistant. Scuba divers wear a Thinsulate suit under a dry suit when diving in cold water. Smart and Modern Materials Revision Properties Name of Some uses Material Waterproof, wind- Phospho- Thermometers, proof and breath- rescent baby drinks cups able material Pigment & spoons, novelty mugs Changes colour in Photo- Outdoor adven- UV light chromic ture wear, wa- Pigment terproof jackets Heat resistant, Thermo- Face masks in very strong chromic hospitals, antibac- Pigment terial socks Synthetic rubber Kevlar Wetsuits and lap- which is flexible top cases and a good insula- tor Glows in the Dark Gore-tex Bullet proof vests, motor cycle hel- mets Microscopic Neoprene Reaction lenses, chemical sub- visors on cycle stances in fabrics helmets which are re- leased when rubbed Changes colour Micro- Children’s toys, when tempera- encapsula- clothing & bags, ture changes tion safety wear for night time, fire exit signs Can you match the name of the Smart/Modern material, with their properties and ex- amples of their use? Renewable Energy Revision (BBC Bitesize) Different kinds of energy sources Renewable energy sources Our renewable energy resources will never run out. Their supply is not limited. There are no fuel costs either. And they typically generate far less pollution than fossil fuels. Renewable energy resources include: wind energy water energy, such as wave machines, tidal barrages and hydroelectric power geothermal energy solar energy biomass energy, for example energy released from wood A wind turbine However, there are some negatives to generating renewable energy. For example, wind farms are noisy and may spoil the view of people who live near them. The amount of electricity generated depends on the strength of the wind. Also, if there is no wind, there is no electricity. The turbines take up a lot of space and there is not sufficient land for lots of large wind farms to supply all the energy needed in the UK. Non-renewable energy sources There is a limited supply of non-renewable energy resources, which will eventually run out. They include: fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas nuclear fuels, such as uranium Fossil fuels release carbon dioxide when they burn, which adds to the greenhouse effect and increases global warming. Of the three fossil fuels, coal produces the most carbon dioxide, for a given amount of energy released, while natural gas generates the least. The fuel for nuclear power stations is relatively cheap. But the power stations themselves are expensive to build. It is also very expensive to dismantle old nuclear power stations or store radioactive waste, which is a dangerous health hazard. Renewable Energy Sources Worksheet Type of Energy How does it work? Benefits and Problems When the w____________ If the wind doesn’t blow then there will b____________ the be no __________________. b____________ turn It is popular in the UK because it is a around. This turns the _____________ country. g__________________ on and produces electricity. Fast flowing If it doesn’t rain and the dams do not fill w____________ is used to up then the production of electricity is turn the very _____________. t__________________, thus One country where this source of energy generating is very important is __________ because e__________________. Wa- of the Aswan Dam. ter is often collected be- hind a d____________ in deep v____________. S____________ panels ab- During the night the production of ener- sorb the e____________ gy is lower because there is no irradiated by the ___________. s____________ converting It is more likely to be used in the light into electricity or ___________ countries. by heating up water that is used to h____________ up our homes. Keywords: Keywords: Keywords: Hydro-electric; Solar; Wind Blades; Blows; Dam; Elec- Electricity; Egypt; Light; Low; Sunny; tricity; Energy; Heat; Gen- Windy erator; Solar, Sun; Tur- bines; Valleys; Water; Wind; Example question: Comparing traditional and modern products History of the Trouser Suit www.wikipedia.org www.businessinsider.com Until recent times, the idea of women wearing trousers or trouser suits was considered quite scandalous. These garments were seen as menswear and not an option for women at all. During the Victorian era in Britain, it was not seen as socially acceptable for a woman to wear trousers even for activities such as riding a horse or bike.